User:ProteinBoxBot/PBB Log Wiki 11-1-2007 A

Log page index: User:ProteinBoxBot/PBB_Log_Index

• INFO: Beginning work on CD40LG... {November 1, 2007 11:05:12 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein CD40LG image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:05:49 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:06:28 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_CD40LG_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1aly.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1aly}}, {{PDB2|1i9r}}
 | Name = CD40 ligand (TNF superfamily, member 5, hyper-IgM syndrome)
 | HGNCid = 11935
 | Symbol = CD40LG
 | AltSymbols =; TRAP; CD154; CD40L; HIGM1; IGM; IMD3; T-BAM; TNFSF5; gp39; hCD40L
 | OMIM = 300386
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 56
 | MGIid = 88337
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CD40LG_207892_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005125 |text = cytokine activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005164 |text = tumor necrosis factor receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005174 |text = CD40 receptor binding}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005625 |text = soluble fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007159 |text = leukocyte adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030168 |text = platelet activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042100 |text = B cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045190 |text = isotype switching}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051023 |text = regulation of immunoglobulin secretion}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 959
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000102245
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000065
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000074
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = X
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 135558002
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 135570215
    | Hs_Uniprot = P29965
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 21947
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000031132
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011616
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035746
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = X
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 53558927
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 53570826
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q0VEI3
  }}
}}
'''CD40 ligand (TNF superfamily, member 5, hyper-IgM syndrome)''', also known as '''CD40LG''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is expressed on the surface of T cells. It regulates B cell function by engaging CD40 on the B cell surface. A defect in this gene results in an inability to undergo immunoglobulin class switch and is associated with hyper-IgM syndrome.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CD40LG CD40 ligand (TNF superfamily, member 5, hyper-IgM syndrome)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=959| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Tong AW, Stone MJ |title=CD40 and the effect of anti-CD40-binding on human multiple myeloma clonogenicity. |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=21 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 1-8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8907262 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=van Kooten C, Banchereau J |title=CD40-CD40 ligand. |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=67 |issue= 1 |pages= 2-17 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10647992 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Schattner EJ |title=CD40 ligand in CLL pathogenesis and therapy. |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=37 |issue= 5-6 |pages= 461-72 |year= 2003 |pmid= 11042507 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bhushan A, Covey LR |title=CD40:CD40L interactions in X-linked and non-X-linked hyper-IgM syndromes. |journal=Immunol. Res. |volume=24 |issue= 3 |pages= 311-24 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11817328 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Cheng G, Schoenberger SP |title=CD40 signaling and autoimmunity. |journal=Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. |volume=5 |issue=  |pages= 51-61 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11826760 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Subauste CS |title=CD154 and type-1 cytokine response: from hyper IgM syndrome to human immunodeficiency virus infection. |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=185 Suppl 1 |issue=  |pages= S83-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11865444 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kornbluth RS |title=An expanding role for CD40L and other tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands in HIV infection. |journal=J. Hematother. Stem Cell Res. |volume=11 |issue= 5 |pages= 787-801 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12427285 |doi= 10.1089/152581602760404595 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Xu Y, Song G |title=The role of CD40-CD154 interaction in cell immunoregulation. |journal=J. Biomed. Sci. |volume=11 |issue= 4 |pages= 426-38 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15153777 |doi= 10.1159/000077892 }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on CDK9... {November 1, 2007 11:06:28 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:07:13 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image =  
 | image_source =  
 | PDB = 
 | Name = Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDC2-related kinase)
 | HGNCid = 1780
 | Symbol = CDK9
 | AltSymbols =; C-2k; CDC2L4; PITALRE; TAK
 | OMIM = 603251
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 55566
 | MGIid = 1328368
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CDK9_203198_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003677 |text = DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004693 |text = cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0017069 |text = snRNA binding}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008023 |text = transcription elongation factor complex}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000074 |text = regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006367 |text = transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006368 |text = RNA elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 1025
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000136807
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001252
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001261
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 9
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 129587898
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 129592887
    | Hs_Uniprot = P50750
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 107951
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000009555
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_130860
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_570930
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 32529447
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 32534794
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q99J95
  }}
}}
'''Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDC2-related kinase)''', also known as '''CDK9''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family. CDK family members are highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, and known as important cell cycle regulators. This kinase was found to be a component of the multiprotein complex TAK/P-TEFb, which is an elongation factor for RNA polymerase II-directed transcription and functions by phosphorylating the C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. This protein forms a complex with and is regulated by its regulatory subunit cyclin T or cyclin K. HIV-1 Tat protein was found to interact with this protein and cyclin T, which suggested a possible involvement of this protein in AIDS.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CDK9 cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDC2-related kinase)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1025| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Jeang KT |title=Tat, Tat-associated kinase, and transcription. |journal=J. Biomed. Sci. |volume=5 |issue= 1 |pages= 24-7 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9570510 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yankulov K, Bentley D |title=Transcriptional control: Tat cofactors and transcriptional elongation. |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=8 |issue= 13 |pages= R447-9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9651670 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Romano G, Kasten M, De Falco G, ''et al.'' |title=Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV tat transactivation pathway gene expression. |journal=J. Cell. Biochem. |volume=75 |issue= 3 |pages= 357-68 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10536359 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Marcello A, Zoppé M, Giacca M |title=Multiple modes of transcriptional regulation by the HIV-1 Tat transactivator. |journal=IUBMB Life |volume=51 |issue= 3 |pages= 175-81 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11547919 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Huigen MC, Kamp W, Nottet HS |title=Multiple effects of HIV-1 trans-activator protein on the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. |journal=Eur. J. Clin. Invest. |volume=34 |issue= 1 |pages= 57-66 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14984439 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rice AP, Herrmann CH |title=Regulation of TAK/P-TEFb in CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=1 |issue= 4 |pages= 395-404 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15049426 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Minghetti L, Visentin S, Patrizio M, ''et al.'' |title=Multiple actions of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat protein on microglial cell functions. |journal=Neurochem. Res. |volume=29 |issue= 5 |pages= 965-78 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15139295 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Liou LY, Herrmann CH, Rice AP |title=HIV-1 infection and regulation of Tat function in macrophages. |journal=Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. |volume=36 |issue= 9 |pages= 1767-75 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15183343 |doi= 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.018 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Pugliese A, Vidotto V, Beltramo T, ''et al.'' |title=A review of HIV-1 Tat protein biological effects. |journal=Cell Biochem. Funct. |volume=23 |issue= 4 |pages= 223-7 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15473004 |doi= 10.1002/cbf.1147 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bannwarth S, Gatignol A |title=HIV-1 TAR RNA: the target of molecular interactions between the virus and its host. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=3 |issue= 1 |pages= 61-71 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15638724 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gibellini D, Vitone F, Schiavone P, Re MC |title=HIV-1 tat protein and cell proliferation and survival: a brief review. |journal=New Microbiol. |volume=28 |issue= 2 |pages= 95-109 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16035254 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Peruzzi F |title=The multiple functions of HIV-1 Tat: proliferation versus apoptosis. |journal=Front. Biosci. |volume=11 |issue=  |pages= 708-17 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16146763 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on COL2A1... {November 1, 2007 11:07:13 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein COL2A1 image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:08:14 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:08:31 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_COL2A1_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1u5m.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1u5m}}
 | Name = Collagen, type II, alpha 1 (primary osteoarthritis, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, congenital)
 | HGNCid = 2200
 | Symbol = COL2A1
 | AltSymbols =; AOM; COL11A3; MGC131516; SEDC
 | OMIM = 120140
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 55607
 | MGIid = 88452
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_COL2A1_213492_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_COL2A1_217404_s_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005201 |text = extracellular matrix structural constituent}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005581 |text = collagen}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005584 |text = collagen type I}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005585 |text = collagen type II}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001501 |text = skeletal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006817 |text = phosphate transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007605 |text = sensory perception of sound}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 1280
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000139219
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001835
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001844
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 46653018
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 46684528
    | Hs_Uniprot = P02458
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 12824
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000022483
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_031163
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_112440
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 15
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 97803005
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 97832691
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q61428
  }}
}}
'''Collagen, type II, alpha 1 (primary osteoarthritis, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, congenital)''', also known as '''COL2A1''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = This gene encodes the alpha-1 chain of type II collagen, a fibrillar collagen found in cartilage and the vitreous humor of the eye. Mutations in this gene are associated with achondrogenesis, chondrodysplasia, early onset familial osteoarthritis, SED congenita, Langer-Saldino achondrogenesis, Kniest dysplasia, Stickler syndrome type I, and spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia Strudwick type. In addition, defects in processing chondrocalcin, a calcium binding protein that is the C-propeptide of this collagen molecule, are also associated with chondrodysplasia. There are two transcripts identified for this gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: COL2A1 collagen, type II, alpha 1 (primary osteoarthritis, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, congenital)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1280| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on F3... {November 1, 2007 11:08:31 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein F3 image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:09:16 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:09:30 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_F3_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1ahw.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1ahw}}, {{PDB2|1boy}}, {{PDB2|1dan}}, {{PDB2|1fak}}, {{PDB2|1j9c}}, {{PDB2|1jps}}, {{PDB2|1o5d}}, {{PDB2|1tfh}}, {{PDB2|1uj3}}, {{PDB2|1w0y}}, {{PDB2|1w2k}}, {{PDB2|1wqv}}, {{PDB2|1wss}}, {{PDB2|1wtg}}, {{PDB2|1wun}}, {{PDB2|1wv7}}, {{PDB2|1z6j}}, {{PDB2|2a2q}}, {{PDB2|2aei}}, {{PDB2|2aer}}, {{PDB2|2b7d}}, {{PDB2|2b8o}}, {{PDB2|2c4f}}, {{PDB2|2f9b}}, {{PDB2|2fir}}, {{PDB2|2flb}}, {{PDB2|2flr}}, {{PDB2|2hft}}, {{PDB2|2puq}}
 | Name = Coagulation factor III (thromboplastin, tissue factor)
 | HGNCid = 3541
 | Symbol = F3
 | AltSymbols =; CD142; TF; TFA
 | OMIM = 134390
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 1511
 | MGIid = 88381
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_F3_204363_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004888 |text = transmembrane receptor activity}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007596 |text = blood coagulation}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 2152
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000117525
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001984
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001993
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 94767369
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 94779944
    | Hs_Uniprot = P13726
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 14066
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000028128
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010171
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034301
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 3
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 121715560
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 121727071
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q8R3Q1
  }}
}}
'''Coagulation factor III (thromboplastin, tissue factor)''', also known as '''F3''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = This gene encodes coagulation factor III which is a cell surface glycoprotein. This factor enables cells to initiate the blood coagulation cascades, and it functions as the high-affinity receptor for the coagulation factor VII. The resulting complex provides a catalytic event that is responsible for initiation of the coagulation protease cascades by specific limited proteolysis. Unlike the other cofactors of these protease cascades, which circulate as nonfunctional precursors, this factor is a potent initiator that is fully functional when expressed on cell surfaces. There are 3 distinct domains of this factor: extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic. This protein is the only one in the coagulation pathway for which a congenital deficiency has not been described.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: F3 coagulation factor III (thromboplastin, tissue factor)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2152| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Gouault-Helimann M, Josso F |title=[Initiation in vivo of blood coagulation. The role of white blood cells and tissue factor (author's transl)] |journal=La Nouvelle presse médicale |volume=8 |issue= 40 |pages= 3249-53 |year= 1980 |pmid= 392457 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Mackman N |title=Regulation of the tissue factor gene. |journal=FASEB J. |volume=9 |issue= 10 |pages= 883-9 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7615158 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=McVey JH |title=Tissue factor pathway. |journal=Baillieres Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol. |volume=12 |issue= 3 |pages= 361-72 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10856975 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Konigsberg W, Kirchhofer D, Riederer MA, Nemerson Y |title=The TF:VIIa complex: clinical significance, structure-function relationships and its role in signaling and metastasis. |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=86 |issue= 3 |pages= 757-71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11583305 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Versteeg HH, Peppelenbosch MP, Spek CA |title=The pleiotropic effects of tissue factor: a possible role for factor VIIa-induced intracellular signalling? |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=86 |issue= 6 |pages= 1353-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11776298 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Fernandez PM, Rickles FR |title=Tissue factor and angiogenesis in cancer. |journal=Curr. Opin. Hematol. |volume=9 |issue= 5 |pages= 401-6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12172458 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Golino P |title=The inhibitors of the tissue factor:factor VII pathway. |journal=Thromb. Res. |volume=106 |issue= 3 |pages= V257-65 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12356487 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Engelmann B, Luther T, Müller I |title=Intravascular tissue factor pathway--a model for rapid initiation of coagulation within the blood vessel. |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=89 |issue= 1 |pages= 3-8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12540946 |doi= 10.1267/THRO03010003 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Morrissey JH |title=Tissue factor: in at the start...and the finish? |journal=J. Thromb. Haemost. |volume=1 |issue= 5 |pages= 878-80 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12871349 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yu JL, May L, Klement P, ''et al.'' |title=Oncogenes as regulators of tissue factor expression in cancer: implications for tumor angiogenesis and anti-cancer therapy. |journal=Semin. Thromb. Hemost. |volume=30 |issue= 1 |pages= 21-30 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15034795 |doi= 10.1055/s-2004-822968 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Fernandez PM, Patierno SR, Rickles FR |title=Tissue factor and fibrin in tumor angiogenesis. |journal=Semin. Thromb. Hemost. |volume=30 |issue= 1 |pages= 31-44 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15034796 |doi= 10.1055/s-2004-822969 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Mackman N |title=Role of tissue factor in hemostasis, thrombosis, and vascular development. |journal=Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. |volume=24 |issue= 6 |pages= 1015-22 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15117736 |doi= 10.1161/01.ATV.0000130465.23430.74 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Belting M, Ahamed J, Ruf W |title=Signaling of the tissue factor coagulation pathway in angiogenesis and cancer. |journal=Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. |volume=25 |issue= 8 |pages= 1545-50 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15905465 |doi= 10.1161/01.ATV.0000171155.05809.bf }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Engelmann B |title=Initiation of coagulation by tissue factor carriers in blood. |journal=Blood Cells Mol. Dis. |volume=36 |issue= 2 |pages= 188-90 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16473535 |doi= 10.1016/j.bcmd.2005.12.020 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Furie B, Furie BC |title=Cancer-associated thrombosis. |journal=Blood Cells Mol. Dis. |volume=36 |issue= 2 |pages= 177-81 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16490369 |doi= 10.1016/j.bcmd.2005.12.018 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Mackman N |title=Alternatively spliced tissue factor - one cut too many? |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=97 |issue= 1 |pages= 5-8 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17200762 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wiiger MT, Prydz H |title=The changing faces of tissue factor biology. A personal tribute to the understanding of the "extrinsic coagulation activation". |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=98 |issue= 1 |pages= 38-42 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17597988 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on FGFR2... {November 1, 2007 11:09:30 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein FGFR2 image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:12:41 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:13:19 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_FGFR2_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1djs.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1djs}}, {{PDB2|1e0o}}, {{PDB2|1ev2}}, {{PDB2|1gjo}}, {{PDB2|1ii4}}, {{PDB2|1iil}}, {{PDB2|1nun}}, {{PDB2|1oec}}, {{PDB2|1wvz}}, {{PDB2|2fdb}}
 | Name = Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (bacteria-expressed kinase, keratinocyte growth factor receptor, craniofacial dysostosis 1, Crouzon syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Jackson-Weiss syndrome)
 | HGNCid = 3689
 | Symbol = FGFR2
 | AltSymbols =; BEK; BFR-1; CD332; CEK3; CFD1; ECT1; JWS; K-SAM; KGFR; TK14; TK25
 | OMIM = 176943
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 22566
 | MGIid = 95523
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_FGFR2_208228_s_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_FGFR2_203638_s_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_FGFR2_203639_s_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004713 |text = protein-tyrosine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005007 |text = fibroblast growth factor receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008201 |text = heparin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009986 |text = cell surface}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016049 |text = cell growth}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 2263
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000066468
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000132
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000141
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 10
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 122473377
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 123347962
    | Hs_Uniprot = P21802
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 14183
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000030849
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_987418
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_992512
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 129953601
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 130057386
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q2TAY2
  }}
}}
'''Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (bacteria-expressed kinase, keratinocyte growth factor receptor, craniofacial dysostosis 1, Crouzon syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Jackson-Weiss syndrome)''', also known as '''FGFR2''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, where amino acid sequence is highly conserved between members and throughout evolution. FGFR family members differ from one another in their ligand affinities and tissue distribution. A full-length representative protein consists of an extracellular region, composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains, a single hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. The extracellular portion of the protein interacts with fibroblast growth factors, setting in motion a cascade of downstream signals, ultimately influencing mitogenesis and differentiation. This particular family member is a high-affinity receptor for acidic, basic and/or keratinocyte growth factor, depending on the isoform. Mutations in this gene are associated with Crouzon syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Craniosynostosis, Apert syndrome, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and syndromic craniosynostosis. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: FGFR2 fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (bacteria-expressed kinase, keratinocyte growth factor receptor, craniofacial dysostosis 1, Crouzon syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Jackson-Weiss syndrome)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2263| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=McKeehan WL, Kan M |title=Heparan sulfate fibroblast growth factor receptor complex: structure-function relationships. |journal=Mol. Reprod. Dev. |volume=39 |issue= 1 |pages= 69-81; discusison 81-2 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7999363 |doi= 10.1002/mrd.1080390112 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Johnson DE, Williams LT |title=Structural and functional diversity in the FGF receptor multigene family. |journal=Adv. Cancer Res. |volume=60 |issue=  |pages= 1-41 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8417497 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Park WJ, Meyers GA, Li X, ''et al.'' |title=Novel FGFR2 mutations in Crouzon and Jackson-Weiss syndromes show allelic heterogeneity and phenotypic variability. |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=4 |issue= 7 |pages= 1229-33 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8528214 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Marie PJ, Debiais F, Haÿ E |title=Regulation of human cranial osteoblast phenotype by FGF-2, FGFR-2 and BMP-2 signaling. |journal=Histol. Histopathol. |volume=17 |issue= 3 |pages= 877-85 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12168799 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ibrahimi OA, Chiu ES, McCarthy JG, Mohammadi M |title=Understanding the molecular basis of Apert syndrome. |journal=Plast. Reconstr. Surg. |volume=115 |issue= 1 |pages= 264-70 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15622262 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wilkie AO |title=Bad bones, absent smell, selfish testes: the pleiotropic consequences of human FGF receptor mutations. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=16 |issue= 2 |pages= 187-203 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15863034 |doi= 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.03.001 }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on FRAP1... {November 1, 2007 11:13:19 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein FRAP1 image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:13:59 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:14:22 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_FRAP1_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1aue.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1aue}}, {{PDB2|1fap}}, {{PDB2|1nsg}}, {{PDB2|2fap}}, {{PDB2|2gaq}}, {{PDB2|3fap}}, {{PDB2|4fap}}
 | Name = FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin associated protein 1
 | HGNCid = 3942
 | Symbol = FRAP1
 | AltSymbols =; FLJ44809; FRAP; FRAP2; MTOR; RAFT1; RAPT1
 | OMIM = 601231
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 3637
 | MGIid = 1928394
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_FRAP1_202288_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016301 |text = kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016773 |text = phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051219 |text = phosphoprotein binding}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005942 |text = phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000074 |text = regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007584 |text = response to nutrient}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016049 |text = cell growth}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016310 |text = phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030163 |text = protein catabolic process}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 2475
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000198793
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004949
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004958
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 11089179
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 11245176
    | Hs_Uniprot = P42345
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 56717
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000028991
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_622902
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_622902
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 4
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 147292411
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 147401483
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3T9E1
  }}
}}
'''FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin associated protein 1''', also known as '''FRAP1''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinases. These kinases mediate cellular responses to stresses such as DNA damage and nutrient deprivation. This protein acts as the target for the cell-cycle arrest and immunosuppressive effects of the FKBP12-rapamycin complex. The CDT6 gene is located in an intron of this gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: FRAP1 FK506 binding protein 12-rapamycin associated protein 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2475| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Huang S, Houghton PJ |title=Mechanisms of resistance to rapamycins. |journal=Drug Resist. Updat. |volume=4 |issue= 6 |pages= 378-91 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12030785 |doi= 10.1054/drup.2002.0227 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Harris TE, Lawrence JC |title=TOR signaling. |journal=Sci. STKE |volume=2003 |issue= 212 |pages= re15 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14668532 |doi= 10.1126/stke.2122003re15 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Easton JB, Houghton PJ |title=Therapeutic potential of target of rapamycin inhibitors. |journal=Expert Opin. Ther. Targets |volume=8 |issue= 6 |pages= 551-64 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15584862 |doi= 10.1517/14728222.8.6.551 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Deldicque L, Theisen D, Francaux M |title=Regulation of mTOR by amino acids and resistance exercise in skeletal muscle. |journal=Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. |volume=94 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 1-10 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15702344 |doi= 10.1007/s00421-004-1255-6 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Weimbs T |title=Regulation of mTOR by polycystin-1: is polycystic kidney disease a case of futile repair? |journal=Cell Cycle |volume=5 |issue= 21 |pages= 2425-9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17102641 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sun SY, Fu H, Khuri FR |title=Targeting mTOR signaling for lung cancer therapy. |journal=Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer |volume=1 |issue= 2 |pages= 109-11 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17409838 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Abraham RT, Gibbons JJ |title=The mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway: twists and turns in the road to cancer therapy. |journal=Clin. Cancer Res. |volume=13 |issue= 11 |pages= 3109-14 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17545512 |doi= 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2798 }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on GNAS... {November 1, 2007 11:14:22 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein GNAS image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:16:59 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:17:34 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_GNAS_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1azs.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1azs}}, {{PDB2|1azt}}, {{PDB2|1cjk}}, {{PDB2|1cjt}}, {{PDB2|1cju}}, {{PDB2|1cjv}}, {{PDB2|1cs4}}, {{PDB2|1cul}}, {{PDB2|1tl7}}, {{PDB2|1u0h}}, {{PDB2|2gvd}}, {{PDB2|2gvz}}
 | Name = GNAS complex locus
 | HGNCid = 4392
 | Symbol = GNAS
 | AltSymbols =; AHO; C20orf45; GNAS1; GPSA; GSA; GSP; MGC33735; PHP1A; PHP1B; POH; dJ309F20.1.1; dJ806M20.3.3
 | OMIM = 139320
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 55534
 | MGIid = 95777
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_GNAS_200780_x_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_GNAS_200981_x_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_GNAS_211858_x_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003674 |text = molecular_function}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003924 |text = GTPase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005525 |text = GTP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019001 |text = guanyl nucleotide binding}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000138 |text = Golgi trans cisterna}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005834 |text = heterotrimeric G-protein complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006112 |text = energy reserve metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006605 |text = protein targeting}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006894 |text = Golgi to secretory vesicle transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007189 |text = G-protein signaling, adenylate cyclase activating pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007190 |text = adenylate cyclase activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007565 |text = female pregnancy}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007608 |text = sensory perception of smell}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009306 |text = protein secretion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042493 |text = response to drug}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 2778
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000087460
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000507
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000516
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 20
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 56848168
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 56919642
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q5JWF2
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 14683
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000027523
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010310
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034440
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 173927270
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 173989683
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q9Z0F1
  }}
}}
'''GNAS complex locus''', also known as '''GNAS''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = This locus has a highly complex imprinted expression pattern. It gives rise to maternally, paternally, and biallelically expressed transcripts that are derived from four alternative promoters and 5' exons. Some transcripts contains a differentially methylated region (DMR) at their 5' exons, and this DMR is commonly found in imprinted genes and correlates with transcript expression. An antisense transcript exists, and this antisense transcript and one of the transcripts are paternally expressed, produce noncoding RNAs, and may regulate imprinting in this region. In addition, one of the transcripts contains a second overlapping ORF, which encodes a structurally unrelated protein - Alex. Alternative splicing of downstream exons is also observed, which results in different forms of the stimulatory G-protein alpha subunit, a key element of the classical signal transduction pathway linking receptor-ligand interactions with the activation of adenylyl cyclase and a variety of cellular reponses. Multiple transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature and/or biological validity of some variants have not been determined. Mutations in this gene result in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a, pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, McCune-Albright syndrome, progressive osseus heteroplasia, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone, and some pituitary tumors.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GNAS GNAS complex locus| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2778| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Tinschert S, Gerl H, Gewies A, ''et al.'' |title=McCune-Albright syndrome: clinical and molecular evidence of mosaicism in an unusual giant patient. |journal=Am. J. Med. Genet. |volume=83 |issue= 2 |pages= 100-8 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10190480 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Faivre L, Nivelon-Chevallier A, Kottler ML, ''et al.'' |title=Mazabraud syndrome in two patients: clinical overlap with McCune-Albright syndrome. |journal=Am. J. Med. Genet. |volume=99 |issue= 2 |pages= 132-6 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11241472 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Raymond JR, Mukhin YV, Gelasco A, ''et al.'' |title=Multiplicity of mechanisms of serotonin receptor signal transduction. |journal=Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=92 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 179-212 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11916537 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Weinstein LS, Chen M, Liu J |title=Gs(alpha) mutations and imprinting defects in human disease. |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=968 |issue=  |pages= 173-97 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12119276 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bastepe M, Jüppner H |title=GNAS locus and pseudohypoparathyroidism. |journal=Horm. Res. |volume=63 |issue= 2 |pages= 65-74 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15711092 |doi= 10.1159/000083895 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=de Sanctis L, Delmastro L, Russo MC, ''et al.'' |title=Genetics of McCune-Albright syndrome. |journal=J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=19 Suppl 2 |issue=  |pages= 577-82 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16789620 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Aldred MA |title=Genetics of pseudohypoparathyroidism types Ia and Ic. |journal=J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=19 Suppl 2 |issue=  |pages= 635-40 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16789628 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Jüppner H, Bastepe M |title=Different mutations within or upstream of the GNAS locus cause distinct forms of pseudohypoparathyroidism. |journal=J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=19 Suppl 2 |issue=  |pages= 641-6 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16789629 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Mantovani G, Spada A |title=Mutations in the Gs alpha gene causing hormone resistance. |journal=Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=20 |issue= 4 |pages= 501-13 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17161328 |doi= 10.1016/j.beem.2006.09.001 }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on HD... {November 1, 2007 11:17:34 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:18:07 AM PDT} HD (gene) is the current page for the gene , but I have requested it moved to Huntingtin which is where the bot was linked to originally.Leevanjackson (talk) 15:38, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image =  
 | image_source =  
 | PDB = 
 | Name = Huntingtin (Huntington disease)
 | HGNCid = 4851
 | Symbol = HD
 | AltSymbols =; HTT; IT15
 | OMIM = 143100
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 1593
 | MGIid = 96067
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_HD_202389_s_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003707 |text = steroid hormone receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003714 |text = transcription corepressor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005215 |text = transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008017 |text = microtubule binding}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005625 |text = soluble fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005794 |text = Golgi apparatus}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006917 |text = induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007610 |text = behavior}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009405 |text = pathogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009887 |text = organ morphogenesis}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 3064
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000197386
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002102
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002111
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 4
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 3046206
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 3215484
    | Hs_Uniprot = P42858
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 15194
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000029104
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010414
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034544
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 5
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 35078597
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 35226253
    | Mm_Uniprot = P42859
  }}
}}
'''Huntingtin (Huntington disease)''', also known as '''HD''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = Huntingtin is a disease gene linked to Huntington's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of striatal neurons. This is thought to be caused by an expanded, unstable trinucleotide repeat in the huntingtin gene, which translates as a polyglutamine repeat in the protein product. A fairly broad range in the number of trinucleotide repeats has been identified in normal controls, and repeat numbers in excess of 40 have been described as pathological. The huntingtin locus is large, spanning 180 kb and consisting of 67 exons. The huntingtin gene is widely expressed and is required for normal development. It is expressed as 2 alternatively polyadenylated forms displaying different relative abundance in various fetal and adult tissues. The larger transcript is approximately 13.7 kb and is expressed predominantly in adult and fetal brain whereas the smaller transcript of approximately 10.3 kb is more widely expressed. The genetic defect leading to Huntington's disease may not necessarily eliminate transcription, but may confer a new property on the mRNA or alter the function of the protein. One candidate is the huntingtin-associated protein-1, highly expressed in brain, which has increased affinity for huntingtin protein with expanded polyglutamine repeats. This gene contains an upstream open reading frame in the 5' UTR that inhibits expression of the huntingtin gene product through translational repression.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HD huntingtin (Huntington disease)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3064| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=MacDonald ME, Novelletto A, Lin C, ''et al.'' |title=The Huntington's disease candidate region exhibits many different haplotypes. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=1 |issue= 2 |pages= 99-103 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1302016 |doi= 10.1038/ng0592-99 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Jones AL |title=The localization and interactions of huntingtin. |journal=Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. |volume=354 |issue= 1386 |pages= 1021-7 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10434301 |doi= 10.1098/rstb.1999.0454 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Young AB |title=Huntingtin in health and disease. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=111 |issue= 3 |pages= 299-302 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12569151 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rangone H, Humbert S, Saudou F |title=Huntington's disease: how does huntingtin, an anti-apoptotic protein, become toxic? |journal=Pathol. Biol. |volume=52 |issue= 6 |pages= 338-42 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15261377 |doi= 10.1016/j.patbio.2003.06.004 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Li SH, Li XJ |title=Huntingtin and its role in neuronal degeneration. |journal=The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry |volume=10 |issue= 5 |pages= 467-75 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15359012 |doi= 10.1177/1073858404266777 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Myers RH |title=Huntington's disease genetics. |journal=NeuroRx : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics |volume=1 |issue= 2 |pages= 255-62 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15717026 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on IL1A... {November 1, 2007 11:18:07 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein IL1A image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:19:03 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:19:20 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_IL1A_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 2ila.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|2ila}}
 | Name = Interleukin 1, alpha
 | HGNCid = 5991
 | Symbol = IL1A
 | AltSymbols =; IL-1A; IL1; IL1-ALPHA; IL1F1
 | OMIM = 147760
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 480
 | MGIid = 96542
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_IL1A_210118_s_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005149 |text = interleukin-1 receptor binding}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000074 |text = regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001660 |text = fever}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006935 |text = chemotaxis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008285 |text = negative regulation of cell proliferation}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 3552
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000115008
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000566
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000575
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 2
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 113247966
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 113259442
    | Hs_Uniprot = P01583
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 16175
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000027399
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010554
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034684
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 128991051
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 129001413
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3U0Y6
  }}
}}
'''Interleukin 1, alpha''', also known as '''IL1A''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various immune responses, inflammatory processes, and hematopoiesis. This cytokine is produced by monocytes and macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed and released in response to cell injury, and thus induces apoptosis. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. It has been suggested that the polymorphism of these genes is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IL1A interleukin 1, alpha| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3552| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Verweij CL, Bayley JP, Bakker A, Kaijzel EL |title=Allele specific regulation of cytokine genes: monoallelic expression of the IL-1A gene. |journal=Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. |volume=495 |issue=  |pages= 129-39 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11774556 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Griffin WS, Mrak RE |title=Interleukin-1 in the genesis and progression of and risk for development of neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=72 |issue= 2 |pages= 233-8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12149413 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Arend WP |title=The balance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra in disease. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=13 |issue= 4-5 |pages= 323-40 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12220547 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Copeland KF |title=Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines. |journal=Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry |volume=5 |issue= 12 |pages= 1093-101 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16375755 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Schmidt DR, Kao WJ |title=The interrelated role of fibronectin and interleukin-1 in biomaterial-modulated macrophage function. |journal=Biomaterials |volume=28 |issue= 3 |pages= 371-82 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16978691 |doi= 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.08.041 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Huynh-Ba G, Lang NP, Tonetti MS, Salvi GE |title=The association of the composite IL-1 genotype with periodontitis progression and/or treatment outcomes: a systematic review. |journal=J. Clin. Periodontol. |volume=34 |issue= 4 |pages= 305-17 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17378887 |doi= 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01055.x }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on ITGB2... {November 1, 2007 11:19:20 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein ITGB2 image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:19:57 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:20:20 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_ITGB2_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1l3y.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1l3y}}, {{PDB2|1yuk}}
 | Name = Integrin, beta 2 (complement component 3 receptor 3 and 4 subunit)
 | HGNCid = 6155
 | Symbol = ITGB2
 | AltSymbols =; LAD; LFA-1; MAC-1; CD18; LCAMB; MF17; MFI7
 | OMIM = 600065
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 20092
 | MGIid = 96611
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ITGB2_202803_s_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019901 |text = protein kinase binding}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008305 |text = integrin complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007159 |text = leukocyte adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007160 |text = cell-matrix adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007229 |text = integrin-mediated signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008360 |text = regulation of cell shape}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019735 |text = antimicrobial humoral response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030593 |text = neutrophil chemotaxis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050730 |text = regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 3689
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000160255
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000202
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000211
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 21
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 45130334
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 45173181
    | Hs_Uniprot = P05107
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 16414
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000000290
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008404
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032430
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 10
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 76985685
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 77009099
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q542I8
  }}
}}
'''Integrin, beta 2 (complement component 3 receptor 3 and 4 subunit)''', also known as '''ITGB2''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = The ITGB2 protein product is the integrin beta chain beta 2. Integrins are integral cell-surface proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain.  A given chain may combine with multiple partners resulting in different integrins.  For example, beta 2 combines with the alpha L chain to form the integrin LFA-1, and combines with the alpha M chain to form the integrin Mac-1. Integrins are known to participate in cell adhesion as well as cell-surface mediated signalling.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ITGB2 integrin, beta 2 (complement component 3 receptor 3 and 4 subunit)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3689| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Bunting M, Harris ES, McIntyre TM, ''et al.'' |title=Leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndromes: adhesion and tethering defects involving beta 2 integrins and selectin ligands. |journal=Curr. Opin. Hematol. |volume=9 |issue= 1 |pages= 30-5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11753075 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Roos D, Law SK |title=Hematologically important mutations: leukocyte adhesion deficiency. |journal=Blood Cells Mol. Dis. |volume=27 |issue= 6 |pages= 1000-4 |year= 2003 |pmid= 11831866 |doi= 10.1006/bcmd.2001.0473 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Gahmberg CG, Fagerholm S |title=Activation of leukocyte beta2-integrins. |journal=Vox Sang. |volume=83 Suppl 1 |issue=  |pages= 355-8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12617168 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Schymeinsky J, Mócsai A, Walzog B |title=Neutrophil activation via beta2 integrins (CD11/CD18): molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=98 |issue= 2 |pages= 262-73 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17721605 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on MECP2... {November 1, 2007 11:22:41 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein MECP2 image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:24:06 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:24:29 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_MECP2_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1qk9.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1qk9}}, {{PDB2|1ub1}}
 | Name = Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (Rett syndrome)
 | HGNCid = 6990
 | Symbol = MECP2
 | AltSymbols =; RTS; AUTSX3; DKFZp686A24160; MRX16; MRX79; PPMX; RTT
 | OMIM = 300005
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 3657
 | MGIid = 99918
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_MECP2_202616_s_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_MECP2_202617_s_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_MECP2_202618_s_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003677 |text = DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003714 |text = transcription corepressor activity}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000122 |text = negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 4204
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000169057
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004983
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004992
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = X
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 152940218
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 153016406
    | Hs_Uniprot = P51608
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 17257
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000031393
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001081979
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001075448
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = X
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 70288072
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 70338332
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TYG1
  }}
}}
'''Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (Rett syndrome)''', also known as '''MECP2''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins MECP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 comprise a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence in each of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). Each of these proteins, with the exception of MBD3, is capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA. MECP2, MBD1 and MBD2 can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. In contrast to other MBD family members, MECP2 is X-linked and subject to X inactivation.  MECP2 is dispensible in stem cells, but is essential for embryonic development. MECP2 gene mutations are the cause of some cases of Rett syndrome, a progressive neurologic developmental disorder and one of the most common causes of mental retardation in females.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MECP2 methyl CpG binding protein 2 (Rett syndrome)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4204| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Shahbazian MD, Zoghbi HY |title=Rett syndrome and MeCP2: linking epigenetics and neuronal function. |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=71 |issue= 6 |pages= 1259-72 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12442230 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Moog U, Smeets EE, van Roozendaal KE, ''et al.'' |title=Neurodevelopmental disorders in males related to the gene causing Rett syndrome in females (MECP2). |journal=Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol. |volume=7 |issue= 1 |pages= 5-12 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12615169 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Miltenberger-Miltenyi G, Laccone F |title=Mutations and polymorphisms in the human methyl CpG-binding protein MECP2. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=22 |issue= 2 |pages= 107-15 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12872250 |doi= 10.1002/humu.10243 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Weaving LS, Ellaway CJ, Gécz J, Christodoulou J |title=Rett syndrome: clinical review and genetic update. |journal=J. Med. Genet. |volume=42 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-7 |year= 2006 |pmid= 15635068 |doi= 10.1136/jmg.2004.027730 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Caballero IM, Hendrich B |title=MeCP2 in neurons: closing in on the causes of Rett syndrome. |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=14 Spec No 1 |issue=  |pages= R19-26 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15809268 |doi= 10.1093/hmg/ddi102 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bapat S, Galande S |title=Association by guilt: identification of DLX5 as a target for MeCP2 provides a molecular link between genomic imprinting and Rett syndrome. |journal=Bioessays |volume=27 |issue= 7 |pages= 676-80 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15954098 |doi= 10.1002/bies.20266 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Zlatanova J |title=MeCP2: the chromatin connection and beyond. |journal=Biochem. Cell Biol. |volume=83 |issue= 3 |pages= 251-62 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15959553 |doi= 10.1139/o05-048 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kaufmann WE, Johnston MV, Blue ME |title=MeCP2 expression and function during brain development: implications for Rett syndrome's pathogenesis and clinical evolution. |journal=Brain Dev. |volume=27 Suppl 1 |issue=  |pages= S77-S87 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16182491 |doi= 10.1016/j.braindev.2004.10.008 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Armstrong DD |title=Can we relate MeCP2 deficiency to the structural and chemical abnormalities in the Rett brain? |journal=Brain Dev. |volume=27 Suppl 1 |issue=  |pages= S72-S76 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16182497 |doi= 10.1016/j.braindev.2004.10.009 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Santos M, Coelho PA, Maciel P |title=Chromatin remodeling and neuronal function: exciting links. |journal=Genes Brain Behav. |volume=5 Suppl 2 |issue=  |pages= 80-91 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16681803 |doi= 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00227.x }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bienvenu T, Chelly J |title=Molecular genetics of Rett syndrome: when DNA methylation goes unrecognized. |journal=Nat. Rev. Genet. |volume=7 |issue= 6 |pages= 415-26 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16708070 |doi= 10.1038/nrg1878 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Francke U |title=Mechanisms of disease: neurogenetics of MeCP2 deficiency. |journal=Nature clinical practice. Neurology |volume=2 |issue= 4 |pages= 212-21 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16932552 |doi= 10.1038/ncpneuro0148 }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on MET... {November 1, 2007 11:24:29 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki:   {November 1, 2007 11:26:03 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:26:19 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_MET_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1r0p.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1r0p}}, {{PDB2|1r1w}}, {{PDB2|1shy}}, {{PDB2|1ssl}}, {{PDB2|2g15}}
 | Name = Met proto-oncogene (hepatocyte growth factor receptor)
 | HGNCid = 7029
 | Symbol = MET
 | AltSymbols =; HGFR; RCCP2
 | OMIM = 164860
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 206
 | MGIid = 96969
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_MET_213816_s_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_MET_203510_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_MET_211599_x_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004713 |text = protein-tyrosine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005008 |text = hepatocyte growth factor receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009925 |text = basal plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000187 |text = activation of MAPK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007166 |text = cell surface receptor linked signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007420 |text = brain development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007517 |text = muscle development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030534 |text = adult behavior}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046777 |text = protein amino acid autophosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048012 |text = hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051450 |text = myoblast proliferation}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 4233
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000105976
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000236
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000245
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 116099695
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 116223632
    | Hs_Uniprot = P08581
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 17295
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000009376
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008591
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032617
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 17441241
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 17521823
    | Mm_Uniprot = A1A597
  }}
}}
'''Met proto-oncogene (hepatocyte growth factor receptor)''', also known as '''MET''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = The proto-oncogene MET product is the hepatocyte growth factor receptor and encodes tyrosine-kinase activity. The primary single chain precursor protein is post-translationally cleaved to produce the alpha and beta subunits, which are disulfide linked to form the mature receptor. Various mutations in the MET gene are associated with papillary renal carcinoma.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MET met proto-oncogene (hepatocyte growth factor receptor)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4233| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Comoglio PM |title=Structure, biosynthesis and biochemical properties of the HGF receptor in normal and malignant cells. |journal=EXS |volume=65 |issue=  |pages= 131-65 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8380735 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Maulik G, Shrikhande A, Kijima T, ''et al.'' |title=Role of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, c-Met, in oncogenesis and potential for therapeutic inhibition. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=13 |issue= 1 |pages= 41-59 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11750879 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ma PC, Maulik G, Christensen J, Salgia R |title=c-Met: structure, functions and potential for therapeutic inhibition. |journal=Cancer Metastasis Rev. |volume=22 |issue= 4 |pages= 309-25 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12884908 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Knudsen BS, Edlund M |title=Prostate cancer and the met hepatocyte growth factor receptor. |journal=Adv. Cancer Res. |volume=91 |issue=  |pages= 31-67 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15327888 |doi= 10.1016/S0065-230X(04)91002-0 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Dharmawardana PG, Giubellino A, Bottaro DP |title=Hereditary papillary renal carcinoma type I. |journal=Curr. Mol. Med. |volume=4 |issue= 8 |pages= 855-68 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15579033 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kemp LE, Mulloy B, Gherardi E |title=Signalling by HGF/SF and Met: the role of heparan sulphate co-receptors. |journal=Biochem. Soc. Trans. |volume=34 |issue= Pt 3 |pages= 414-7 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16709175 |doi= 10.1042/BST0340414 }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on NF1... {November 1, 2007 11:26:19 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki:   {November 1, 2007 11:26:35 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:26:51 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_NF1_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1nf1.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1nf1}}, {{PDB2|2d4q}}
 | Name = Neurofibromin 1 (neurofibromatosis, von Recklinghausen disease, Watson disease)
 | HGNCid = 7765
 | Symbol = NF1
 | AltSymbols =; DKFZp686J1293; NFNS; VRNF; WSS
 | OMIM = 162200
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 226
 | MGIid = 97306
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003674 |text = molecular_function}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004857 |text = enzyme inhibitor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005099 |text = Ras GTPase activator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005575 |text = cellular_component}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007265 |text = Ras protein signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008150 |text = biological_process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008285 |text = negative regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045685 |text = regulation of glial cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045786 |text = negative regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051056 |text = regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 4763
    | Hs_Ensembl =  
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000258
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000267
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_start =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_end =  
    | Hs_Uniprot =  
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 18015
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000020716
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010897
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035027
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 79156087
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 79397804
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TYD2
  }}
}}
'''Neurofibromin 1 (neurofibromatosis, von Recklinghausen disease, Watson disease)''', also known as '''NF1''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = Mutations linked to neurofibromatosis type 1 led to the identification of NF1. NF1 encodes the protein neurofibromin, which appears to be a negative regulator of the ras signal transduction pathway. In addition to type 1 neurofibromatosis, mutations in NF1 can also lead to juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Alternatively spliced NF1 mRNA transcripts have been isolated, although their functional differences, if any, remain unclear.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: NF1 neurofibromin 1 (neurofibromatosis, von Recklinghausen disease, Watson disease)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4763| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Upadhyaya M, Shaw DJ, Harper PS |title=Molecular basis of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1): mutation analysis and polymorphisms in the NF1 gene. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=4 |issue= 2 |pages= 83-101 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7981724 |doi= 10.1002/humu.1380040202 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Shen MH, Harper PS, Upadhyaya M |title=Molecular genetics of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). |journal=J. Med. Genet. |volume=33 |issue= 1 |pages= 2-17 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8825042 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Skuse GR, Cappione AJ |title=RNA processing and clinical variability in neurofibromatosis type I (NF1). |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=6 |issue= 10 |pages= 1707-12 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9300663 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Feldkamp MM, Gutmann DH, Guha A |title=Neurofibromatosis type 1: piecing the puzzle together. |journal=The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques |volume=25 |issue= 3 |pages= 181-91 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9706718 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hamilton SJ, Friedman JM |title=Insights into the pathogenesis of neurofibromatosis 1 vasculopathy. |journal=Clin. Genet. |volume=58 |issue= 5 |pages= 341-4 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11140831 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Baralle D, Baralle M |title=Splicing in action: assessing disease causing sequence changes. |journal=J. Med. Genet. |volume=42 |issue= 10 |pages= 737-48 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16199547 |doi= 10.1136/jmg.2004.029538 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Mensink KA, Ketterling RP, Flynn HC, ''et al.'' |title=Connective tissue dysplasia in five new patients with NF1 microdeletions: further expansion of phenotype and review of the literature. |journal=J. Med. Genet. |volume=43 |issue= 2 |pages= e8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16467218 |doi= 10.1136/jmg.2005.034256 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Trovó-Marqui AB, Tajara EH |title=Neurofibromin: a general outlook. |journal=Clin. Genet. |volume=70 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-13 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16813595 |doi= 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2006.00639.x }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on NFKBIA... {November 1, 2007 11:26:51 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein NFKBIA image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:27:29 AM PDT}
• CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {November 1, 2007 11:27:43 AM PDT}
• CREATED: Created new protein page: NFKBIA {November 1, 2007 11:27:52 AM PDT}

• INFO: Beginning work on NOTCH1... {November 1, 2007 11:27:52 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein NOTCH1 image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:28:33 AM PDT}
• CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {November 1, 2007 11:28:51 AM PDT}
• CREATED: Created new protein page: NOTCH1 {November 1, 2007 11:29:02 AM PDT}

• INFO: Beginning work on PAK1... {November 1, 2007 11:29:02 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein PAK1 image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:29:51 AM PDT}
• CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {November 1, 2007 11:30:14 AM PDT}
• CREATED: Created new protein page: PAK1 {November 1, 2007 11:30:22 AM PDT}

• INFO: Beginning work on PLG... {November 1, 2007 11:30:22 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein PLG image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:31:54 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:32:05 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_PLG_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1b2i.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1b2i}}, {{PDB2|1bml}}, {{PDB2|1bui}}, {{PDB2|1cea}}, {{PDB2|1ceb}}, {{PDB2|1ddj}}, {{PDB2|1hpj}}, {{PDB2|1hpk}}, {{PDB2|1i5k}}, {{PDB2|1ki0}}, {{PDB2|1krn}}, {{PDB2|1l4d}}, {{PDB2|1l4z}}, {{PDB2|1pk4}}, {{PDB2|1pkr}}, {{PDB2|1pmk}}, {{PDB2|1qrz}}, {{PDB2|1rjx}}, {{PDB2|2doh}}, {{PDB2|2doi}}, {{PDB2|2pk4}}, {{PDB2|5hpg}}
 | Name = Plasminogen
 | HGNCid = 9071
 | Symbol = PLG
 | AltSymbols =; DKFZp779M0222
 | OMIM = 173350
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 55452
 | MGIid = 97620
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PLG_209978_s_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_PLG_209977_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_PLG_205871_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004283 |text = plasmin activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008233 |text = peptidase activity}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006508 |text = proteolysis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006917 |text = induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007596 |text = blood coagulation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008285 |text = negative regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016525 |text = negative regulation of angiogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042246 |text = tissue regeneration}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042730 |text = fibrinolysis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043537 |text = negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045445 |text = myoblast differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046716 |text = muscle maintenance}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 5340
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000122194
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000292
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000301
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 161043260
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 161094339
    | Hs_Uniprot = P00747
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 18815
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000059481
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008877
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032903
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 17
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 12221966
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 12262743
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3V1T9
  }}
}}
'''Plasminogen''', also known as '''PLG''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = 
}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Anglés-Cano E, Rojas G |title=Apolipoprotein(a): structure-function relationship at the lysine-binding site and plasminogen activator cleavage site. |journal=Biol. Chem. |volume=383 |issue= 1 |pages= 93-9 |year= 2003 |pmid= 11928826 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ranson M, Andronicos NM |title=Plasminogen binding and cancer: promises and pitfalls. |journal=Front. Biosci. |volume=8 |issue=  |pages= s294-304 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12700073 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on PML... {November 1, 2007 11:32:05 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki:   {November 1, 2007 11:32:20 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:32:37 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_PML_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1bor.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1bor}}
 | Name = Promyelocytic leukemia
 | HGNCid = 9113
 | Symbol = PML
 | AltSymbols =; MYL; PP8675; RNF71; TRIM19
 | OMIM = 102578
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 13245
 | MGIid = 104662
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003676 |text = nucleic acid binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003713 |text = transcription coactivator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016564 |text = transcription repressor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046982 |text = protein heterodimerization activity}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005626 |text = insoluble fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005654 |text = nucleoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016363 |text = nuclear matrix}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016605 |text = PML body}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006281 |text = DNA repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006461 |text = protein complex assembly}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006977 |text = DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007050 |text = cell cycle arrest}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007569 |text = cell aging}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030308 |text = negative regulation of cell growth}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030578 |text = PML body organization and biogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031065 |text = positive regulation of histone deacetylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042771 |text = DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 5371
    | Hs_Ensembl =  
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = XP_001132060
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = XM_001132060
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_start =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_end =  
    | Hs_Uniprot =  
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 18854
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000036986
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008884
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032910
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 58016222
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 58047923
    | Mm_Uniprot = O89066
  }}
}}
'''Promyelocytic leukemia''', also known as '''PML''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This phosphoprotein localizes to nuclear bodies where it functions as a transcription factor and tumor suppressor. Its expression is cell-cycle related and it regulates the p53 response to oncogenic signals. The gene is often involved in the translocation with the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Extensive alternative splicing of this gene results in several variations of the protein's central and C-terminal regions; all variants encode the same N-terminus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PML promyelocytic leukemia| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5371| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Zhong S, Salomoni P, Pandolfi PP |title=The transcriptional role of PML and the nuclear body. |journal=Nat. Cell Biol. |volume=2 |issue= 5 |pages= E85-90 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10806494 |doi= 10.1038/35010583 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Jensen K, Shiels C, Freemont PS |title=PML protein isoforms and the RBCC/TRIM motif. |journal=Oncogene |volume=20 |issue= 49 |pages= 7223-33 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11704850 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1204765 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Pearson M, Pelicci PG |title=PML interaction with p53 and its role in apoptosis and replicative senescence. |journal=Oncogene |volume=20 |issue= 49 |pages= 7250-6 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11704853 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1204856 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Salomoni P, Pandolfi PP |title=The role of PML in tumor suppression. |journal=Cell |volume=108 |issue= 2 |pages= 165-70 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11832207 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Combes R, Balls M, Bansil L, ''et al.'' |title=An assessment of progress in the use of alternatives in toxicity testing since the publication of the report of the second FRAME Toxicity Committee (1991). |journal=Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA |volume=30 |issue= 4 |pages= 365-406 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12234245 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bernardi R, Pandolfi PP |title=Role of PML and the PML-nuclear body in the control of programmed cell death. |journal=Oncogene |volume=22 |issue= 56 |pages= 9048-57 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14663483 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1207106 }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on POLR2A... {November 1, 2007 11:32:37 AM PDT}
• CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {November 1, 2007 11:33:44 AM PDT}
• CREATED: Created new protein page: POLR2A {November 1, 2007 11:33:52 AM PDT}

• INFO: Beginning work on PRKCZ... {November 1, 2007 11:33:52 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:34:28 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image =  
 | image_source =  
 | PDB = 
 | Name = Protein kinase C, zeta
 | HGNCid = 9412
 | Symbol = PRKCZ
 | AltSymbols =; PKC2
 | OMIM = 176982
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 55681
 | MGIid = 97602
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PRKCZ_202178_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004674 |text = protein serine/threonine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004700 |text = atypical protein kinase C activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019992 |text = diacylglycerol binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005923 |text = tight junction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005938 |text = cell cortex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045179 |text = apical cortex}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000226 |text = microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 5590
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000067606
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001028753
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001033581
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 1971769
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 2106694
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q05513
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 18762
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000029053
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001039079
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001034168
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 4
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 154103920
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 154205191
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3UHM5
  }}
}}
'''Protein kinase C, zeta''', also known as '''PRKCZ''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = Protein kinase C (PKC) zeta is a member of the PKC family of serine/threonine kinases which are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation and secretion. Unlike the classical PKC isoenzymes which are calcium-dependent, PKC zeta exhibits a kinase activity which is independent of calcium and diacylglycerol but not of phosphatidylserine. Furthermore, it is insensitive to typical PKC inhibitors and cannot be activated by phorbol ester. Unlike the classical PKC isoenzymes, it has only a single zinc finger module. These structural and biochemical properties indicate that the zeta subspecies is related to, but distinct from other isoenzymes of PKC. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PRKCZ protein kinase C, zeta| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5590| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Slater SJ, Ho C, Stubbs CD |title=The use of fluorescent phorbol esters in studies of protein kinase C-membrane interactions. |journal=Chem. Phys. Lipids |volume=116 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 75-91 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12093536 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Carter CA, Kane CJ |title=Therapeutic potential of natural compounds that regulate the activity of protein kinase C. |journal=Curr. Med. Chem. |volume=11 |issue= 21 |pages= 2883-902 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15544481 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on SMAD2... {November 1, 2007 11:20:20 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein SMAD2 image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:21:43 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:22:41 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_SMAD2_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1dev.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1dev}}, {{PDB2|1khx}}, {{PDB2|1mjs}}, {{PDB2|1mk2}}, {{PDB2|1u7f}}, {{PDB2|1u7v}}
 | Name = SMAD family member 2
 | HGNCid = 6768
 | Symbol = SMAD2
 | AltSymbols =; JV18; JV18-1; MADH2; MADR2; MGC22139; MGC34440; hMAD-2; hSMAD2
 | OMIM = 601366
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 21197
 | MGIid = 108051
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_SMAD2_203075_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_SMAD2_203076_s_at_tn.png
 | GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_SMAD2_203077_s_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003690 |text = double-stranded DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008134 |text = transcription factor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016563 |text = transcription activator activity}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005667 |text = transcription factor complex}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001707 |text = mesoderm formation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007179 |text = transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009952 |text = anterior/posterior pattern formation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045165 |text = cell fate commitment}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045944 |text = positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048340 |text = paraxial mesoderm morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051098 |text = regulation of binding}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 4087
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000175387
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001003652
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001003652
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 18
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 43618435
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 43711221
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q15796
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 17126
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000024563
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010754
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034884
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 18
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 76367274
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 76431096
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q8C2P1
  }}
}}
'''SMAD family member 2''', also known as '''SMAD2''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. This protein is recruited to the TGF-beta receptors through its interaction with the SMAD anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein. In response to TGF-beta signal, this protein is phosphorylated by the TGF-beta receptors. The phosphorylation induces the dissociation of this protein with SARA and the association with the family member SMAD4. The association with SMAD4 is important for the translocation of this protein into the nucleus, where it binds to target promoters and forms a transcription repressor complex with other cofactors. This protein can also be phosphorylated by activin type 1 receptor kinase, and mediates the signal from the activin. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SMAD2 SMAD family member 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4087| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Wrana JL |title=TGF-beta receptors and signalling mechanisms. |journal=Mineral and electrolyte metabolism |volume=24 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 120-30 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9525694 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Massagué J |title=TGF-beta signal transduction. |journal=Annu. Rev. Biochem. |volume=67 |issue=  |pages= 753-91 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9759503 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.753 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Verschueren K, Huylebroeck D |title=Remarkable versatility of Smad proteins in the nucleus of transforming growth factor-beta activated cells. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=10 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 187-99 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10647776 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wrana JL, Attisano L |title=The Smad pathway. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=11 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 5-13 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10708948 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Miyazono K |title=TGF-beta signaling by Smad proteins. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=11 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 15-22 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10708949 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Zannis VI, Kan HY, Kritis A, ''et al.'' |title=Transcriptional regulation of the human apolipoprotein genes. |journal=Front. Biosci. |volume=6 |issue=  |pages= D456-504 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11229886 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on SPP1... {November 1, 2007 11:34:29 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:35:25 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image =  
 | image_source =  
 | PDB = 
 | Name = Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (osteopontin, bone sialoprotein I, early T-lymphocyte activation 1)
 | HGNCid = 11255
 | Symbol = SPP1
 | AltSymbols =; BNSP; BSPI; ETA-1; MGC110940; OPN
 | OMIM = 166490
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 20156
 | MGIid = 98389
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_SPP1_209875_s_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005125 |text = cytokine activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005178 |text = integrin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005578 |text = proteinaceous extracellular matrix}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045177 |text = apical part of cell}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001503 |text = ossification}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007160 |text = cell-matrix adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030502 |text = negative regulation of bone mineralization}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 6696
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000118785
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000573
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000582
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 4
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 89115890
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 89123592
    | Hs_Uniprot = P10451
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 20750
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000029304
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009263
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033289
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 5
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 104675436
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 104681350
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TND2
  }}
}}
'''Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (osteopontin, bone sialoprotein I, early T-lymphocyte activation 1)''', also known as '''SPP1''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = 
}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Fujisawa R |title=[Recent advances in research on bone matrix proteins] |journal=Nippon Rinsho |volume=60 Suppl 3 |issue=  |pages= 72-8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11979972 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Denhardt DT, Mistretta D, Chambers AF, ''et al.'' |title=Transcriptional regulation of osteopontin and the metastatic phenotype: evidence for a Ras-activated enhancer in the human OPN promoter. |journal=Clin. Exp. Metastasis |volume=20 |issue= 1 |pages= 77-84 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12650610 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yeatman TJ, Chambers AF |title=Osteopontin and colon cancer progression. |journal=Clin. Exp. Metastasis |volume=20 |issue= 1 |pages= 85-90 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12650611 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=O'Regan A |title=The role of osteopontin in lung disease. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=14 |issue= 6 |pages= 479-88 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14563350 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wai PY, Kuo PC |title=The role of Osteopontin in tumor metastasis. |journal=J. Surg. Res. |volume=121 |issue= 2 |pages= 228-41 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15501463 |doi= 10.1016/j.jss.2004.03.028 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sodek J, Batista Da Silva AP, Zohar R |title=Osteopontin and mucosal protection. |journal=J. Dent. Res. |volume=85 |issue= 5 |pages= 404-15 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16632752 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Konno S, Hizawa N, Nishimura M, Huang SK |title=Osteopontin: a potential biomarker for successful bee venom immunotherapy and a potential molecule for inhibiting IgE-mediated allergic responses. |journal=Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology |volume=55 |issue= 4 |pages= 355-9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17130676 |doi= 10.2332/allergolint.55.355 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rodrigues LR, Teixeira JA, Schmitt FL, ''et al.'' |title=The role of osteopontin in tumor progression and metastasis in breast cancer. |journal=Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. |volume=16 |issue= 6 |pages= 1087-97 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17548669 |doi= 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-1008 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ramaiah SK, Rittling S |title=Role of osteopontin in regulating hepatic inflammatory responses and toxic liver injury. |journal=Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology |volume=3 |issue= 4 |pages= 519-26 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17696803 |doi= 10.1517/17425225.3.4.519 }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on TBP... {November 1, 2007 11:35:25 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein TBP image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:35:58 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:36:23 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_TBP_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1c9b.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1c9b}}, {{PDB2|1cdw}}, {{PDB2|1jfi}}, {{PDB2|1nvp}}, {{PDB2|1tgh}}
 | Name = TATA box binding protein
 | HGNCid = 11588
 | Symbol = TBP
 | AltSymbols =; GTF2D; GTF2D1; MGC117320; MGC126054; MGC126055; SCA17; TFIID
 | OMIM = 600075
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 2404
 | MGIid = 101838
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TBP_203135_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003677 |text = DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003702 |text = RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005488 |text = binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016251 |text = general RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005669 |text = transcription factor TFIID complex}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006367 |text = transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008219 |text = cell death}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 6908
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000112592
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003185
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003194
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 170705390
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 170723871
    | Hs_Uniprot = P20226
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 21374
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000014767
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_013684
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_038712
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 17
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 15204851
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 15222390
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q6LEM2
  }}
}}
'''TATA box binding protein''', also known as '''TBP''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes TBP, the TATA-binding protein. A distinctive feature of TBP is a long string of glutamines in the N-terminal. This region of the protein modulates the DNA binding activity of the C terminus, and modulation of DNA binding affects the rate of transcription complex formation and initiation of transcription. Mutations that expand the number of CAG repeats encoding this polyglutamine tract, and thus increase the length of the polyglutamine string, are associated with spinocerebellar ataxia 17, a neurodegenerative disorder classified as a polyglutamine disease.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TBP TATA box binding protein| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6908| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on TNFRSF1A... {November 1, 2007 11:36:23 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein TNFRSF1A image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:36:56 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:37:35 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_TNFRSF1A_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1ext.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1ext}}, {{PDB2|1ft4}}, {{PDB2|1ich}}, {{PDB2|1ncf}}, {{PDB2|1tnr}}
 | Name = Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A
 | HGNCid = 11916
 | Symbol = TNFRSF1A
 | AltSymbols =; p55; TBP1; CD120a; FPF; MGC19588; TNF-R; TNF-R-I; TNF-R55; TNFAR; TNFR1; TNFR55; TNFR60; p55-R; p60
 | OMIM = 191190
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 828
 | MGIid = 1314884
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TNFRSF1A_207643_s_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005031 |text = tumor necrosis factor receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006693 |text = prostaglandin metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019221 |text = cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043123 |text = positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045944 |text = positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050729 |text = positive regulation of inflammatory response}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 7132
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000067182
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001056
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001065
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 6308185
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 6321522
    | Hs_Uniprot = P19438
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 21937
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000030341
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011609
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035739
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 125315374
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 125328103
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TVS9
  }}
}}
'''Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A''', also known as '''TNFRSF1A''', is a human [[gene]].

<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title = 
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This protein is one of the major receptors for the tumor necrosis factor-alpha. This receptor can activate NF-kappaB, mediate apoptosis, and function as a regulator of inflammation. Antiapoptotic protein BCL2-associated athanogene 4 (BAG4/SODD) and adaptor proteins TRADD and TRAF2 have been shown to interact with this receptor, and thus play regulatory roles in the signal transduction mediated by the receptor. Germline mutations of the extracellular domains of this receptor were found to be associated with the autosomal dominant periodic fever syndrome. The impaired receptor clearance is thought to be a mechanism of the disease.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TNFRSF1A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7132| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Rath PC, Aggarwal BB |title=TNF-induced signaling in apoptosis. |journal=J. Clin. Immunol. |volume=19 |issue= 6 |pages= 350-64 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10634209 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chen G, Goeddel DV |title=TNF-R1 signaling: a beautiful pathway. |journal=Science |volume=296 |issue= 5573 |pages= 1634-5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12040173 |doi= 10.1126/science.1071924 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kollias G, Kontoyiannis D |title=Role of TNF/TNFR in autoimmunity: specific TNF receptor blockade may be advantageous to anti-TNF treatments. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=13 |issue= 4-5 |pages= 315-21 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12220546 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Dodé C, Cuisset L, Delpech M, Grateau G |title=TNFRSF1A-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS) and renal amyloidosis. |journal=J. Nephrol. |volume=16 |issue= 3 |pages= 435-7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12832748 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Stojanov S, McDermott MF |title=The tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome: current concepts. |journal=Expert reviews in molecular medicine |volume=7 |issue= 22 |pages= 1-18 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16216134 |doi= 10.1017/S1462399405009749 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rezaei N |title=TNF-receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS): an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder. |journal=Clin. Rheumatol. |volume=25 |issue= 6 |pages= 773-7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16447098 |doi= 10.1007/s10067-005-0198-6 }}
}}
{{refend}}

{{protein-stub}}
 

• INFO: Beginning work on VCAM1... {November 1, 2007 11:37:35 AM PDT}
• UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein VCAM1 image.jpg {November 1, 2007 11:38:20 AM PDT}
• AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 1, 2007 11:38:39 AM PDT}

 <!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes 
| require_manual_inspection = no 
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}

<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
 | image = PBB_Protein_VCAM1_image.jpg
 | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1ij9.
 | PDB = {{PDB2|1ij9}}, {{PDB2|1vca}}, {{PDB2|1vsc}}
 | Name = Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
 | HGNCid = 12663
 | Symbol = VCAM1
 | AltSymbols =; CD106; DKFZp779G2333; INCAM-100; MGC99561
 | OMIM = 192225
 | ECnumber =  
 | Homologene = 838
 | MGIid = 98926
 | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_VCAM1_203868_s_at_tn.png
 | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} 
 | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} 
 | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016337 |text = cell-cell adhesion}} 
 | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 7412
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000162692
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001069
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001078
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =  
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 100957885
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 100977185
    | Hs_Uniprot = P19320
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 22329
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000027962
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011693
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035823
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =  
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 3
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 116102024
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 116121692
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TR98
  }}
}}
'''Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1''', also known as '''VCAM1''', is a human [[gene]].

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| summary_text = This gene is a member of the Ig superfamily and encodes a cell surface sialoglycoprotein expressed by cytokine-activated endothelium. This type I membrane protein mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction, and may play a role in the development of artherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: VCAM1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7412| accessdate = }}</ref>
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==References==
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==Further reading==
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| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Yonekawa K, Harlan JM |title=Targeting leukocyte integrins in human diseases. |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=77 |issue= 2 |pages= 129-40 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15548573 |doi= 10.1189/jlb.0804460 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wu TC |title=The role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in tumor immune evasion. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=67 |issue= 13 |pages= 6003-6 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17616653 |doi= 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1543 }}
}}
{{refend}}

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