Saint Paul's Church National Historic Site is a church and National Historic Site in Mount Vernon, New York, just north of the New York City borough of the Bronx. Established in 1765, Saint Paul's Church is one of New York's oldest parishes and was used as a military hospital after the American Revolutionary War Battle of Pell's Point in 1776. The 5-acre (20,000 m2) cemetery surrounding the church contains an estimated 9,000 burials dating from 1704. The church and cemetery were designated as a United States National Historic Site in 1978 to protect them from increasing industrialization of the surrounding area.
St. Paul's Church National Historic Site | |
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| Location | 897 South Columbus Avenue, Eastchester, Mount Vernon, New York |
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| Coordinates | 40°53′34″N 73°49′33″W / 40.89278°N 73.82583°W |
| Area | 6 acres (24,281 m²) |
| Built | 1765 |
| Architectural style | Georgian |
| Visitation | 11,615 (2023)[1] |
| Website | Saint Paul's Church National Historic Site |
| NRHP reference No. | 66000580 |
| NYSRHP No. | 11941.000001 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | October 15, 1966[2] |
| Designated NHS | July 5, 1943 |
| Designated NYSRHP | June 23, 1980 |
History
editThe parish that founded Saint Paul's Church was established in 1665. The first church at the site was a small, square, wooden structure built in 1695 and was known as the Church of Eastchester. The present day church was built in 1764, but its name was not changed to Saint Paul's Church until 1795.[This paragraph needs citation(s)]
Election of 1733
editThe election for an open seat in the New York assembly, held on the Village Green in Eastchester, Westchester County on October 29, 1733, is one of the better known political events in colonial America. Two hundred and seventy five years after the contest, historians continue to cite the election to advance various arguments about colonial life. One recent student used the election to argue for the persistent importance of monarchy in the outlook of colonists, while another scholar treated the voting as an important point in the development of political awareness among New York artisans. Many writers address the election, held at what is today St. Paul's Church in Mt. Vernon, as part of the story of the printer John Peter Zenger, whose acquittal in a seditious libel case in 1735 is seen as a foundation of the free press in America. The first issue of Zenger's New York Weekly Journal carried a lengthy report on the famous election, producing one of the few complete accounts of a colonial election available to historians.[3]
Battle of Pell's Point
editOn October 18, 1776, the Revolutionary War Battle of Pell's Point was fought less than a mile from the church, and the church served as a hospital for the British Army following the battle. The church's tower contains a bell that was cast in 1758 at the same London foundry as the Liberty Bell. Local stories attest that George Washington ordered the parishioners to bury the bell to prevent the British from melting it down and using it for ammunition. The bell still hangs in the tower today. [4]
20th century and beyond
editDuring the early part of the 20th century, the parish began to decline, and the last Sunday service held at Saint Paul's took place in May 1977.[This paragraph needs citation(s)]
The church (along with its carriage house, cemetery, and grounds) was designated as a National Historic Site on July 5, 1943, although not formally authorized until November 10, 1978.[5][6]
Today, visitors can visit the church and the 225-year-old church tower on ranger-guided tours. The carriage house next to the church now serves as a museum and visitor center. The site was opened to the public in 1984 and is now operated by the National Park Service under a cooperative agreement with the Society of the National Shrine of the Bill of Rights at Saint Paul's Church, Eastchester.[This paragraph needs citation(s)]
Legacy
editThis significant site was added to the African American Heritage Trail of Westchester County in 2004 as part of a mission to “preserve and interpret the legacy and contributions that people of African descent have made to the development of our unique American identity.” It is one of only 14 such sites.[7][8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Annual Park Ranking Report for Recreation Visits in: 2023". nps.gov. National Park Service. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
- ^ David Osborn. "A Meddling Royal Official: Turnout at a Famous Colonial Election in Westchester County in 1733" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved March 10, 2023.
- ^ "For Whom the Bell Tolls: The Story of the St. Paul's Bell (U.S. National Park Service)".
- ^ See NPS Areas Chronological document.
- ^ Note: A National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination document should be available upon request from the National Park Service for this site, but it appears not to be available online from the NPS Focus search site. An online version should be available from the New York State historic office, however.
- ^ "African American Heritage Trail brochure" (PDF). Westchester County, New York. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
- ^ Whitaker, Barbara (March 7, 2004). "History: A Trail That Traces a Heritage". The New York Times. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
External links
edit- National Park Service: Saint Paul's Church National Historic Site
- Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. NY-4121, "St. Paul's Church, 897 South Columbus Avenue, Mount Vernon, Westchester County, NY", 10 measured drawings, 6 data pages, supplemental material