New Norcia Station (also known as NNO) is an ESTRACK Earth station in Australia for communication with spacecraft after launch, in low Earth orbit, in geostationary orbit and in deep space. It is located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the town of New Norcia, Western Australia.[1] It was the first ESA deep space ground station,[2] followed by Cebreros Station and Malargüe Station.
 New Norcia Station antenna and solar power plant | |
| Alternative names | DSA 1  |
|---|---|
| Named after | New Norcia |
| Part of | ESTRACK |
| Location(s) | Western Australia, AUS |
| Coordinates | 31°02′54″S 116°11′28″E / 31.0482°S 116.191°E |
| Organization | European Space Operations Centre |
| Altitude | 252 m (827 ft) |
| Telescope style | ground station |
| Diameter | 35 m (114 ft 10 in) |
| Replaced | Perth Station |
| Website | www |
  Location of New Norcia Station | |
 Related media on Commons | |
New Norcia Station was one of the stations providing communications, tracking and data download from the Rosetta spacecraft.[3] It supports the BepiColombo mission.[1]
History
editConstruction began in April 2000 and lasted until the end of the first half of 2002. Installation of electronics and communication equipment followed. The station was officially opened on 5 March 2003 by the Premier of Western Australia at the time, Geoff Gallop. Total construction cost was €28 million.[2]
In December 2019, ESA announced plans to build a second 35-metre (115 ft) deep space antenna at New Norcia[4] to provide coverage for upcoming ESA missions, including Solar Orbiter, Hera, and Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer. This is due for completion in late-2024. The antenna is due to enter operation in early-2025.
Since June 2019, operational support and maintenance of the station has been the responsibility of CSIRO.
NNO-1
editThe station operates a 35-metre (115 ft) dish designated NNO-1[5] capable of two-way transmission in both S- and X-bands using 2 and 20-kilowatt transmitters, as well as cryogenic low noise amplifiers for downlink. The antenna weighs over 600 tonnes (1.3 million pounds) and is 40 metres (130 ft) tall. Future upgrade plans include adding a Ka-band station to support international missions.[1]
NNO-2
edit
A 4.5-metre (15 ft) dish designated NNO-2 was inaugurated on 11 February 2016.[6] NNO-2 acts as an acquisition aid for the 35-metre (115 ft) dish for fast-moving satellites and launch vehicles during their launch and early orbit stage.
The NNO-2 mount is capable of tracking at 20 degrees per second in azimuth and 10 degrees per second in elevation.
The 4.5-metre (15 ft) dish has a half-power beam width of 1.9 degrees at S-band and 0.5 degrees at X-band and can be used to communicate with spacecraft up to 100,000 kilometres (62,000 mi) in altitude. To help in signal acquisition when the spacecraft position is too uncertain, the 4.5-metre (15 ft) dish has a 0.75-metre (2 ft 6 in) dish piggy-backed onto it, with a half-power beam width of 3.5 degrees at X-band. There is no S-band capability on the 0.75-metre (2 ft 6 in) dish.
NNO-2 may also be operated independently of NNO-1, as it commonly does during support activities for launches of Ariane 5, Vega, and Soyuz rockets from the Guiana Space Centre.
NNO-3
editAs of May 2024[update], construction of the NNO-3 antenna at New Norcia is ongoing. The new antenna is being built to the same mechanical specification as NNO-1, utilising a 35-metre (115 ft) main reflector on a mount capable of 1 degree-per-second tracking in both azimuth and elevation, by a consortium of companies. Once complete, the antenna will support X-, K- and Ka-bands uplink and downlink, and has provision for a future 100 kW class X-uplink.
Biomass Calibration Transponder
editA 435 MHz (also called P-band) transponder is currently (in 2024) being commissioned for the upcoming Biomass spacecraft. This 4-metre (13 ft) antenna will enable calibration of the spacecraft during its mission to map Earth's bio-matter.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c "New Norcia - DSA 1". ESA. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
- ^ a b "ESA's first deep space ground station opens in Western Australia". ESA. 3 March 2003. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
- ^ "What's up with Rosetta?". ESA. 18 August 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
- ^ "ESA to Peer into Deep Space with New Antenna". Asgardia Space. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
- ^ "Find ESA tracking stations". ESA. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
- ^ "New antenna ready for business". ESA. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
- ^ "ESA Biomass Mission Ground System Installation". C-core. 9 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
External links
edit- Talking to Satellites in Deep Space from New Norcia, chapter from ESA Bulletin, May 2003.
- Europe’s Access to Deep Space: The Deep Space Ground Station in Australia