List of wars involving Albania

This is a list of wars that Albanian states and Albanian armed forces have been involved in.

Albanian victory

Albanian defeat

Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil war or internal conflict, result unknown, mixed results, stalemate, ceasefire or indecisive)

Ongoing conflict

Medieval Albania (968–1479)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Rebellion of Arbanon (1257–1259)	Principality of Arbanon	Empire of Nicaea	Inconclusive Arbanon rebels initially defeat Nicaean forces The revolt is put under control by 1259 Albanian nobles rebel again in 1260-1270 around Durrës
Byzantine-Angevin war (1274–1281)^[1]	Byzantine Empire Albanian nobility and forces	Kingdom of Albania Angevin Kingdom of Sicily	Victory The Anjou were largely expelled from Albania (1281) by a coalition of Byzantines and local Albanian forces, only durrazo and Aulon remain under Angevin rule. Andrea I Muzaka establishes a de facto independent territorial rule, which later included the Myzeqe area west of Berat between the Devoll and the Vjosa
Albanian Resistance against the Serbian Kingdom/Empire (1336–1355)	Kingdom of Albania Principality of Muzaka Gropa family Thopia family	Kingdom of Serbia (medieval) (1336–1346) Serbian Empire (1346–1355)	Eventual Albanian victory In 1336, Stefan Dušan invaded and captured Angevin-controlled Durazzo. He was later defeated in that year by the Angevins, who recaptured Durazzo.^[2] In 1340, a Serbian army was defeated by Andrea II Muzaka near the Pelister mountain. The Serbian invasion of Albania was temporarily halted.^[2] Tanusio Thopia defended Durazzo from the Serbian empire.^[3] (date unknown) Stefan Dušan continues his expansion into Albania, in 1343–1345, captures Kanina and Valona. However, he fails to subdue southern Albania, only manages to obtain nominal submission.^[2] In 1350, Muzaka captures Berat by defeating the forces of Stefan Dušan.^[4] In 1355 after the death of Stefan Dušan, a Serbian Army was defeated by Karl Thopia in the Battle of Achelous (1359).^[5] After the Battle, Karl Thopia establishes the Principality of Albania, and gained independence from Serbian rule. Andrea II Muzaka expels newly settled Serbians from Albania^[6]
Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347	John V Palaiologos Regents: Anna of Savoy John XIV Kalekas Alexios Apokaukos Allies: Zealots of Thessalonica Serbia (1343–1347) Bulgaria Principality of Karvuna	John VI Kantakouzenos Allies: Serbia (1342–1343) Beylik of Aydin (1342/3–1345) Ottoman beylik (1345–1347) Beylik of Saruhan Principality of Albania Principality of Muzaka	Mixed Results Kantakouzenos victory John VI Kantakouzenos defeats regents Recognized as senior emperor Serbia gained Macedonia and Albania, and soon after Epirus and Thessaly, establishing the Serbian Empire Bulgaria gains northern Thrace
Albanian-Epirote War of 1359	Albanian Losha Family and Shpata Family	Despotate of Epirus	Victory An Epirote invasion force is badly defeated by the Albanians at the Battle of Achelous and the Epirote leader, Nikephoros II Orsini, is killed. Albanians invade Epirus. Pjetër Losha forms the Despotate of Arta and Gjin Bua Shpata forms the Despotate of Angelokastron and Lepanto. Serbs take control of the rest of Epirus.
Albanian-Epirote War (1367–70)	Albanian Losha Family Despotate of Arta Albanian Mazaraki Tribe Albanian Malakasi Tribe	Despotate of Epirus in Ioannina	Ceasefire Albanian forces with support from Aromanian tribes besiege and attack Ioannina from 1367 to 1370.^[7] An agreement is made where the daughter, Irene, of the ruler of Epirus, Thomas Preljubović marries the son, Gjin, of the ruler of Arta, Pjetër Losha. This ends the siege.
Albanian-Epirote War (1374–1375)	Despotate of Arta	Despotate of Epirus in Ioannina	Ceasefire Albanian forces under Gjin Bua Shpata defeat forces under Thomas Preljubović and ravaged the countryside of Ioannina, but fail to capture the city. An agreement is made where the sister, Helena, of the ruler of Epirus, Thomas Preljubović marries Gjin Bua Shpata.
Durrës Expedition (1376)	Principality of Albania	Navarrese Company Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of France	Defeat Navarrese victory. Louis of Évreux captures Durrës. Restablishment of the Kingdom of Albania.
Knights Hospitaller invasion of Despotate of Arta (1378)	Despotate of Arta	Knights Hospitaller	Victory Knights Hospitaller capture Nafpaktos and Vonitsa The Gjin Bua Shpata ambushed the Knights Hospitaller Army and captured Grand Master Juan Fernández de Heredia and holds him for ransom Gjin Bua Shpata recaptures Nafpaktos
Albanian-Epirote War (1381–84)	Despotate of Arta	Despotate of Epirus in Ioannina Ottoman Empire	Victory Preljubović, leader of Epirus, appealed for help from the Ottomans and Frank's who provide the Epirotes with an auxiliary force. Thomas Preljubović uses his new auxiliary to good use by capturing many fortresses in the Despotate of Arta, but Albanians under Gjon Shpata, together with the Mazarakii tribe held their defensive positions and ultimately defeated Thomas once again.
Albanian-Epirote War of 1385^[8]	Despotate of Arta	Despotate of Epirus	Ceasefire Albanians besiege Ioannina. Shpata withdraws due to strong city defences. The two sides later negotiate peace.
Albanian-Epirote War of 1389–90^[9]	Despotate of Arta (all four battles) Malakasi Tribe (second battle)	Despotate of Epirus (all four battles) Thessaly (second battle) Ottoman Empire (third and fourth battles)	Defeat Albanian and Aromanian forces are defeated in four battles against Epirote, Thessalian and Ottoman forces around Jannina. Albanian forces withdraw into the surrounding mountains. Peace lasts from 1391–1394.
Venetian-Albanian War (1392)	Princedom of Albania	Republic of Venice	Defeat Venice invades and successfully captures Durrës from the Princedom.
Albanian-Epirote War of 1399-1400 (April 1399 – July 1400)^{[citation needed]}	Albanian Zenebishi Family Principality of Gjirokastër	Despotate of Epirus Pro-Epirote Albanian Clans	Victory Epirote forces led by Esau de' Buondelmonti invade Zenebishi territory in 1399, but are routed in battle by the Albanians and Esau is captured. Esau is released after a large ransom is paid in 1400, ending the war.
Vonko–Shpata War (November 1400 – Late 1401)	Despotate of Arta	Vonko's Forces	Victory Forces under Vonko invade and capture Arta, expelling Skurra Bua Shpata. Muriq Shpata's forces drive Vonko out of Arta and take control of the city. Skurra maintains control of Angelokastron.
Civil war of the Despotate of Arta (1401–08)^[10] (late 1401 – 1408)	1401–1403: Despotate of Arta supported by Skurra Bua Shpata and Muriq Shpata 1403–1407: Despotate of Arta Forces loyal to Pal Shpata Forces loyal to Maurice Shpata Ottoman Empire (1406 only) 1407–1408: Despotate of Arta (supported by Muriq Shpata)	County palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos	Sgouros and Paul are defeated, Maurice is victorious Carlo I Tocco invades Skurra Bua Shpata's area of the Despotate of Arta. Muriq reinforces Skurra but the latter is killed in battle by the Epirotes in 1403. Skurras' son, Pal, seeks Ottoman aid, ceding Angelokastron to the Ottoman Empire. However, only a small Ottoman contingent is sent which is defeated in battle in 1406. Pal retreats from most of his areas the same year and cedes Naupaktos to Venice in 1407. Tocco captures Angelokastron from the Ottomans in 1408. A Tocco attack against the city of Arta is repelled by Albanians under Muriq in 1408.
Zenebishi-Venetian war (1402–1413)	Principality of Gjirokastër	Republic of Venice	Defeat Most of the mainland territories across from the Venetian possession of Corfu were taken.
First Scutari War (early 1405 – January 1413)	Balšići Lordship of Zeta Crnojević family Albanian Humoj family Serb peasants Albanian peasants Albanian Zaharia family (late 1412 – early 1413)	Republic of Venice Zaharia family (early 1405 – late 1412) Albanian Jonima family	Mixed results A local rebellion breaks out in the Shkodër area in early 1405. The Balšići intervene in favour of the rebels and capture all of the region including Drivast, but fail to capture Rozafa Castle in Shkodër. The Venetians retake Drivast in August 1405, followed by the Zetan coastal towns of Bar, Ulcinj and Budva. Peace is negotiated in 1409 however the Venetians broke the peace agreement shortly afterwards, resulting in the Zetans resuming war in early 1410. Shkodër is besieged. Peace is made in early 1413 although both sides are unsatisfied.
Second Thopia-Muzaka War (late 1411)	Albanian Thopia family Princedom of Albania	Muzaka family Muzaka Lordship	Muzaka Victory Forces under Niketa Thopia are heavily defeated during a skirmish with forces under Theodor Corona Musachi. Niketa Thopia is captured, and only released after ceding territory around the Shkumbin River to the Muzaka family.
Albanian invasion of Epirus (1411–1412)	Albanian Zenebishi Family Principality of Gjirokastër Albanian Shpata Family Despotate of Arta	Despotate of Epirus Greeks of Ioannina	Victory Albanians invade Epirus following the expulsion of Eudocia Balsic from Ioannina and the establishment of Carolo Tocco.^[11] Epirote forces are defeated in battle, however Albanian forces fail to take Ioannina.
Ottoman-Gjirokastër War (1414)	Albanian Zenebishi Family Principality of Gjirokastër	Ottoman Empire	Defeat Ottomans conquer the territory of the Principality. Ruler of the Principality, Gjon Zenebishi, goes into exile in Corfu.
Albanian-Epirote War of 1416 (October 1416)	Despotate of Arta	Despotate of Epirus	Defeat The Shpata's suffer defeat at a battle near Nicopolis. Jakob Bua Shpata, ruler of the Despotate of Arta, is killed in an ambush at Bompliana in October 1416. Following the death of Jakob Epirote forces successfully invade and annex the territory previously under control by Shpata clan.^[12]
Second Ottoman-Gjirokastër War (1418)	Albanian Zenebishi Family Principality of Gjirokastër	Ottoman Empire	Defeat Ottomans successfully besiege Gjirokastër and reconquer the territory of the Principality. Ruler of the Principality, Depë Zenebishi, goes into exile in Corfu.
Second Scutari War (1419–23)	Zeta Serbian Despotate (after 1421) Albanian nobility: Dukagjini Family Kastrioti family Humoj family Zaharia family	Republic of Venice	Inconclusive Venice captured Ulcinj, Grbalj, and territory of Paštrovići, with Kotor deciding to accept Venetian suzerainty Serbian Despotate captured Drivast and returned its suzerainty over Bar, Budva, and Luštica
Albanian Revolt (1432–36)	Albanian rebels Arianiti family Thopia family Kastrioti family (until Summer 1433) Zenebishi family (from Late 1432) Dukagjini family (from Summer 1433)	Ottoman Empire Support: Venice	Mixed results Albanian rebels led by Andrea Thopia attack Ottomans in Central Albania in 1432, beginning the revolt. Krujë is unsuccessfully besieged. Rebels capture Vlorë in May 1432. An Ottoman invasion force of 10,000 men is defeated in the Winter of 1432 by forces of Gjergj Arianiti at the Central valley of the Shkumbin. Depë Zenebishi joins the revolt in late 1432, capturing Këlcyrë, Zagorie and Pogon that year. Zenebishi's forces besiege Gjirokastër, the capital of the Sanjak of Albania, between late 1432 until early 1433 but are defeated by the Ottomans. Ottoman forces pillage Kanina and Yannina in the Summer of 1433 and then invade Gjon Kastrioti's lands, bringing him out of the war. Nikollë Dukagjini rebels in Summer 1433 and captures areas of the former Principality of Dukagjini including Dagnum. Zenebishi's forces besiege Kanina. Ottomans recapture Vlorë in May 1434. A second Ottoman invasion force is defeated, again by Gjergj Arianiti, in South-Central Albania, August 1434. With Venetian aid, Ottomans take back Dagnum in 1435. A third Ottoman invasion force is defeated by Gjergj Arianiti in April 1435, ending hostilities until 1436. Attempts are made to ally the Albanian rebels with the Holy Roman Empire by Sigismund, however talks end when a fourth Ottoman invasion force subdues Albania in mid-1436, committing massacres against the civilian population and defeating the un-unified rebel forces.
Albanian-Ottoman wars (1443–1479)	1443–44: Kastrioti Family Arianiti Family 1444–46: League of Lezhë 1446–50: League of Lezhë Angevin Kingdom of Naples State of Arianiti 1450–51: Albanians under Skanderbeg Muzaka Lordship Angevin Kingdom of Naples State of Arianiti 1451–54: Angevin Kingdom of Naples Principality of Kastrioti State of Arianiti Muzaka Lordship 1454–56: Angevin Kingdom of Naples Principality of Kastrioti Principality of Dukagjini Muzaka Lordship 1456–68: Angevin Kingdom of Naples Principality of Kastrioti Principality of Dukagjini Muzaka Lordship Republic of Venice State of Arianiti 1468–78: Angevin Kingdom of Naples Principality of Kastrioti Principality of Dukagjini 1478–79: Angevin Kingdom of Naples Principality of Dukagjini Republic of Venice State of Arianiti Albanian resistance forces Lordship of Zeta (Siege of Shkodra only)	1443–44: Ottoman Empire Muzaka Lordship 1444–46: Ottoman Empire 1446–50: Ottoman Empire 1450–51: Ottoman Empire Principality of Dukagjini State of Arianiti 1451–54: Ottoman Empire Principality of Dukagjini 1454–56: Ottoman Empire State of Arianiti 1456–68: Ottoman Empire 1468–78: Ottoman Empire Muzaka Lordship 1478–79: Ottoman Empire Muzaka Lordship	Ottoman conquest of Albania halted until 1479 The Ottomans are defeated in numerous battles by the Albanians, mostly under Skanderbeg. Albanian resistance weakens following the death of Skanderbeg in 1468. Krujë falls in 1478 after three previous failed sieges in 1450, 1466 and 1467. Shkodër falls in 1479.
Albanian–Venetian War (December 1447 – October 1448)	League of Lezhë	Republic of Venice Pro-Venetian Alliance: Humoj Family Vulkuta's Forces Ugrin's Forces Zapa Family Pedantari Family Moneta Family Malonši Family Sornja's Forces Ottoman Empire	Victory Albanians besiege Dagnum and Durazzo in December. Ottomans invade Albania and besiege Svetigrad in May. Albanian victory at the Battle of the River Drin in July. Scutari is besieged. Balec is garrisoned by the Albanians but a Venetian offensive retakes and burns down the fortress. An Albanian assault against a Venetian fortress by Hamza Kastrioti is defeated. Svetigrad falls to the Ottomans in late July. Ottoman invasion repelled at the First Battle of Oranik in August. With Durazzo, Scutari, and Dagnum close to surrender, Venetians make peace in October. Venice keeps Dagnum and cedes all territory on the Albanian side of the Drin to the League. Venice also pays Skanderbeg a lifetime pension and provides trade privileges to the Arianiti.
Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)	Republic of Venice Papal States League of Lezhë Principality of Zeta Maniots Greek rebels	Ottoman Empire	Ottoman victory, Treaty of Constantinople (1479)

Ottoman period (1479–1912)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
First Scutari-Berat War	Pashalik of Scutari	Pashalik of Berat Pashalik of Yanina	Scutari victory Shkodran forces recapture the Sanjak of Durrës
Scutari invasion of Montenegro (1785)	Pashalik of Scutari	Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro Montenegrin Nikšići tribe Montenegrin Paštrovići tribe Montenegrin Bjelice tribe	Victory Albanian Shkodran forces under Kara Mahmud Pasha invade Montenegro. Albanian forces pass through the territories of the Nikšići, Paštrovići and Bjelice. The Montenegrin coastline is reached and Cetinje is burnt down.
First Scutari-Ottoman War	Pashalik of Scutari	Ottoman Empire Pashalik of Yanina Bosnia eyalet Rumelia Eyalet	Victory Pashalik of Scutari loses large parts of its territories held outside of the Sanjak of Scutari Ottomans fail to overthrow Kara Mahmud Pasha, after decisive defeat in the Siege of Shkodër Outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War in 1787 and the Austro-Turkish War in 1788 forces Ottoman Authorities to withdraw from further Operations against Kara Mahmud Pasha After Imperial pardon Kara Mahmud Pasha joins the Ottomans against the Austrians in the Austro-Turkish War
Souliote War (1789–1793)	Pashalik of Yanina	Albanian Souliotes	Souliote Victory Souliote forces defeat Ali Pasha
Second Scutari-Ottoman War (1795)	Pashalik of Scutari	Ottoman Empire	Albanian Victory In 1795 Kara Mahmud Pasha conquered parts of Southern Albania and much of Kosovo.^[13] Kara Mahmud Pasha defeated Ottoman forces in Prizren and annexed the Sanjak by installing his own nephew as governor of the sanjak.^[13] Ottomans besieged Shkodra and retreated after being defeated by Kara Mahmud Pasha, then returned but again failed to complete the siege.
Second Scutari invasion of Montenegro (Early 1796–September 1796)	Pashalik of Scutari	Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro Serbian Piperi Tribe Serbian Bjelopavlići Tribe	Defeat Shkodran forces march into Montenegro northwards in 1796 but are defeated at the Battle of Martinići, near modern-day Gornji Martinići, 3.5 km north of Spuž. Lješkopolje is taken by the Albanians as forces under Bushati prepares to raid Cetinje. Shkodran Albanians are intercepted and engage the Montenegrin at Battle of Krusi, suffering defeat. The leader of the Shkodran Albanians, Kara Mahmud Pasha, is killed. Shkodran forces fall back to Podgorica, within Ottoman territory.
Ali Pasha's Invasion of Butrint (18–25 October 1798)	Pashalik of Yanina Albanian bashi-bazouks	First French Republic	Victory Albanian Forces defeat French Forces. On The 25th October général de brigade Nicolas Grégoire Aulmont de Verrières [fr] Ordered The Destruction of fortifications and The evacuation of Remaining french Forces and Greek inhabitants of the town to Corfu.
Turco-Egyptian conquest of Sudan (1820–1824)	Egypt Eyalet under Muhammad Ali of Egypt Albanian Forces Turkish-speaking Forces and boudin forces	Sennar Sultanate Shayqih Kingdom Sultanate of Darfur	Victory Muhammed ali established his rule over Sudan
First Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)	Egypt Eyalet under Muhammad Ali Albanian bashi-bazouks	Ottoman Empire	Victory Muhammad Ali Pasha defeats Ottomans in several battles. provinces of Greater Syria are granted to Muhammad Ali Pasha.
Albanian revolts of 1833-1839	Albanian rebels	Ottoman Empire	Mixed Results,mostly in favour of Albania Albanias are victorious in their Uprising in Shkodër in 1833. The same year another uprising brakes out in Southern Albania,where the rebels are once again victorious. Another Uprising brakes out during 1834-1835, in which ottomans are victorious in Southern Albania and Albanians are victorious in Northern Albania. Two more Uprisings brake out in Southern Albania,one in 1836 and another in 1839.Ottomans suppress the uprising in 1836,however Albanians are victorious in the Uprising of 1839.
Uprising of Dervish Cara (1843-1844)	Albanian rebels	Ottoman Empire	Defeat The uprising is suppressed by the Ottomans. Dervish Cara is captured
Second Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)	Egypt Eyalet under Muhammad Ali Albanian bashi-bazouks Spanish Empire Kingdom of France	Ottoman Empire British Empire Austrian Empire Russian Empire Prussia	Mixed results Ottomans defeat Egyptian Forces. Egypt drops Claims on Greater Syria. Muhammad Ali Pasha is recognized as Ruler of Egypt by Britain.
Montenegrin Civil War of 1847^[14]^[15]^[16]	Brda Tribes Serbian Piperi Tribe Serbo-Albanian Kuči Tribe Serbian Bjelopavlići Tribe Crmnica Tribes	Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro	Defeat Following a poor harvest and increased centralisation by the Montenegrin Prince, tribes in Brda and Crmnica rise up and attempt to secede from Montenegro. The rebellion is quickly crushed and the ringleaders shot.
Lëkurës War (1878)	Albanian irregulars	Greece	Victory Greek forces land in Southern Albania and Capture Saranda. Albanians defeat the Greeks in Gjashtë and again in Karalibej. Greek forces retreat to the Lëkurës Castle which is besieged and retaken by Albanian troops,forcing greeks to retreat. Greek Invasion of Southern Albania fails.
League of Prizren Secessionist War (1880–1881)	League of Prizren	Ottoman Empire Support: The Great Powers Principality of Montenegro	Defeat League of Prizren captures areas of Kosovo and prevents Montenegrin annexation of Ulcinj. Great Powers blockade Ulcinj and request the Ottomans "to pacify" the League. Ottoman forces take Prizren, dismantle the League and deport the leaders of the League from Kosovo. They then invade Ulcinj and deliver it to Montenegro.
Greco-Turkish War of 1897	Ottoman Empire Albanian volunteers	Greece Italian volunteers Armenian volunteers^[17]	Victory Small parts of Thessaly ceded to the Ottoman Empire^[18]
Malissori uprising (1911)	Albanian tribes	Ottoman Empire	Victory The Ottomans peacefully pacify the rebels
Albanian Revolt of 1912 (1912)	Independent Albania	Ottoman Empire	Victory De-jure establishment of the Albanian Vilayet Albanians Capture most of the Lands known today as Greater Albania

Albanian Independence to the end of the First World War (1912–1918)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Uprising in Lumë (30 October–6 December 1912)	Albanian Irregulars	Kingdom of Serbia	Albanian victory Albanian rebels Capture the Lumë Tower Albanian rebels then Attack a Caravan of retreating Serbian soldiers near Prizren.
Peasant Revolt in Albania (May–October 1914)	Principality of Albania Kosovar Albanian Kachaks Mirdita Tribesmen Mati Tribesmen Austro-Hungarian Volunteers Romanian Volunteers Support: Austro-Hungarian Empire Kingdom of the Netherlands	Muslim Albanian Rebels Republic of Central Albania Support: Ottoman Empire	Principality of Albania victory Essad Pasha Toptani takes over large parts of Central Albania and forms a new state. Toptani's invasion of Elbasan is repelled. Dutch forces shell Toptani's house, forcing his surrender. Toptani is deported to Italy but the revolt continues. Muslim Rebels defeat Dutch-Mirdita Catholic forces at the Battle of Shijak. Muslim Rebels capture Berat and Vlora Durrës is besieged. The Senate of Central Albania formed. Toptani invades and captures Central Albania and Dibër with Italian and Serb support and reforms the Republic of Central Albania. Durrës is captured by Toptani unopposed.
Italian invasion of Vlorë (December 1914)	Principality of Albania	Kingdom of Italy	Defeat Italy occupies Sazan Island and Vlorë.
Austro-Hungarian invasion of Albania (January 1916–April 1916)	Austro-Hungarian Empire Albanian guerrillas	Kingdom of Italy Republic of Central Albania	Austro-Hungarian victory Austria-Hungary, with assistance from Albanian guerrillas, defeats Italian forces and takes Tirana and Durrës. The Republic of Central Albania is conquered, and a defensive line is set up in the south of Albania along the Vjosa river.^[19]
Central Power invasion of Albania (December 1915)	Austro-Hungarian Empire Kingdom of Bulgaria (Until September 1917) Gheg guerrillas Tosk guerrillas Mati Tribesmen	Republic of Central Albania Kingdom of Italy French Third Republic Autonomous Albanian Republic of Korçë Kingdom of Greece

Interwar Period (1918–1939)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Korçë Crisis (1916–1920)	Albanian Cheta	French Third Republic Autonomous Albanian Republic of Korçë Support: Kingdom of Greece	Victory French and Greek troops withdraw Albania regains control of Korçë Dissolution of the Autonomous Province of Korçë
Koplik War (1920–1921)	Principality of Albania Albanian Resistance	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes	Victory Yugoslav Forces capture parts of Shkodra but are pushed back by Albanian Resistance.^[20]^[21] Yugoslav Forces invade tribal regions of Kelmendi, Kastrati, Shkrel and Koplik but are forced to retreat back to Montenegro^[20]^[21]
Vlora War (1920)	Principality of Albania Albanian Rebels	Kingdom of Italy Italian protectorate over Albania	Compromise agreement Italy voluntarily abandons Vlora, but annexes the island of Saseno. Italy abandons plans to establish a mandate over Albania, but retains diplomatic protection over the country to guarantee its special interests
War in Dibra^[22](1920)	Albanian highlanders	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Greek volunteers	Victory Yugoslav failure to invade Albania Albanians capture Peshkopi and Dibra Serb and Greek troops retreat
Albanian–Yugoslav border war (1921)(1921)	Principality of Albania Albanian guerillas led by Ahmet Zog	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Kingdom of Greece Republic of Mirdita Army of Wrangel	Victory Yugoslav Forces invade Albania but are forced to retreat due to Albanian resistance and pressure of the League of Nations.
June Revolution(1924)	Noli supporters Kachaks Southern Albanian Çetas Kelmendi Tribesmen	Principality of Albania Mati Tribesmen Tribesmen from Diber White Movement Yugoslav Army	Noli victory Fan Noli becomes the Prime Minister of Albania Exile of Ahmet Zogu Six months later Zogu with Great Powers and Yugoslav support would coup the government
Zogu invasion of Albania(1924)	Noli Government	Zogist rebels Yugoslav Army White Army Support: Great Powers	Zogu Victory Ahmet Zog coups the government of Fan Noli with the help of Yugoslav Army and Great Powers Exile of Fan Noli
Italian invasion of Albania (1939)	Kingdom of Albania	Kingdom of Italy	Defeat Italian occupation of Albania

World War II and Cold War period (1939–1991)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Greco-Italian War (1940–1941)	Kingdom of Italy Italian Albania	Kingdom of Greece Air support: British Empire	Stalemate Greek tactical victory, strategic stalemate. German intervention in 1941 with eventual Greek surrender.
Invasion of Yugoslavia (1941)	Nazi Germany Kingdom of Italy Italian Albania Hungary	Yugoslavia	Victory Axis victory Occupation of Yugoslavia Albania gains parts of Kosovo, Montenegro and North Macedonia
Albanian Resistance of World War II (1939–1944)	LANÇ Legality Movement Balli Kombëtar (Until 1943)	Kingdom of Italy (Until 1943) Italian Albania Nazi Germany (From 1943) German Albania Balli Kombëtar (From 1943) Second League of Prizren (From 1943)	Albanian Communist Victory Liberation of Albania from Axis occupation. Balli Kombëtar defeated. Albania becomes a Communist state.
The Kelmend uprising (1945)	People's Socialist Republic of Albania	Kelmendi tribesmen	PR Albania victory The Uprising is suppressed. Communist forces gain control of the Kelmendi region.
Anti-Communist Resistance in Mirdite (1945–1950)	People's Socialist Republic of Albania	Mirdita Tribesmen	PR Albania victory The Uprising is suppressed. Communist forces gain control of the Mirdita region.
Albanian–Yugoslav border conflict (1948–1954)	PR Albania	SFR Yugoslavia Financial/Military support: United States	Albanian Victory Pogradec Agreement Withdrawal of the Yugoslav People's Army from the border with Albania Expulsion of Yugoslavs from Albania Cessation of armed provocations by the Albanian Commando Guard

References

Citations

^ Sainty, Guy Stair (December 2018). TÃ huajt pÃr shqipÃrinÃ dhe shqiptarÃT. Boletín Oficial del Estado. ISBN 9788434025066.
^ ^a ^b ^c Fine, John V. A. (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. pp. 290–291. ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5.
^ Rivista di etnografia. Vol. 25. 1971. p. 6.
^ Historia e popullit shqiptar (in Albanian). Botimet Toena. 2002. ISBN 978-99927-1-622-9.
^ M. Th. Houtsma (1987). E. J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936. BRILL. p. 456. ISBN 9004082654. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
^ Qeriqi, Ahmet (1300s). The stone of the oath. Albania: Ahmet Qeriqi. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-64268-417-9. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
^ Nicol, Donald M. (1984). The Despotate of Epiros, 1267–1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 142–145. ISBN 978-0-521-13089-9.
^ Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987]. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 355. ISBN 0-472-08260-4. Early in 1385 John Spata attacked Jannina but soon withdrew when he saw he could not crack the defenses created by Esau.
^ Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987]. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 355. ISBN 0-472-08260-4.
^ Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987]. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4.^{[page needed]}
^ Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987]. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4. However, despite winning a major open-field battle against Tocco's forces in 1412, the Albanian allies could not take Jannina
^ Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987]. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 356. ISBN 0-472-08260-4. Carlo brought his forces south; the people of Arta submitted to him, and he entered the town in October 1416..
^ ^a ^b Kosovo: A Short History . p. 176
^ Michael Schuman (14 May 2014). Serbia and Montenegro. Infobase. p. 19. ISBN 9781438122526. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
^ Clissold, Henry Clifford Darby (1966). Short History of Yugoslavia. CUP Archive. p. 79. Retrieved 24 March 2016. civil war montenegro 1847.
^ William Miller (12 October 2012). The Ottoman Empire and Its Successors, 1801-1927. Routledge. ISBN 9781136260469. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
^ Kokkinos, P. (1965). Կոկինոս Պ., Հունահայ գաղութի պատմությունից (1918–1927) (in Armenian). Yerevan: National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia. pp. 14, 208–209. ISBN 9789609952002. Cited in Vardanyan, Gevorg (12 November 2012). Հայ-հունական համագործակցության փորձերը Հայոց ցեղասպանության տարիներին (1915–1923 թթ.) [The attempts of the Greek-Armenian Co-operation during the Armenian Genocide (1915–1923)]]. akunq.net (in Armenian). Research Center on Western Armenian Studies. Archived from the original on 25 August 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
^ Gyula Andrássy, Bismarck, Andrássy, and Their Successors, Houghton Mifflin, 1927, p. 273.
^ Jung, Peter (20 May 2003). The Austro-Hungarian Forces in World War I (1): 1914-16. Bloomsbury USA. p. 13. ISBN 9781841765945. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
^ ^a ^b "26 July 1920, took place the Koplik war against the Yugoslav army". www.qmksh.al. 25 July 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Malësorët e Malësisë (Në Mal të Zi) dhe Lufta e Koplikut". 12 October 2020.
^ Xhafa, Bajram. Lufta e Dibrës(1920). ISBN 9992749555.

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Rogers, C.J.; Caferro, W.; Reid, S. (2010). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–471. ISBN 978-0-19-533403-6.

[1] Sainty, Guy Stair (December 2018). TÃ huajt pÃr shqipÃrinÃ dhe shqiptarÃT. Boletín Oficial del Estado. ISBN 9788434025066.

[Fine1994-290-2] Fine, John V. A. (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. pp. 290–291. ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5.

[3] Rivista di etnografia. Vol. 25. 1971. p. 6.

[4] Historia e popullit shqiptar (in Albanian). Botimet Toena. 2002. ISBN 978-99927-1-622-9.

[Houtsma-456-5] M. Th. Houtsma (1987). E. J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936. BRILL. p. 456. ISBN 9004082654. Retrieved 15 November 2011.

["ordered_the_expulsion_of_newly_settled_serbians"-6] Qeriqi, Ahmet (1300s). The stone of the oath. Albania: Ahmet Qeriqi. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-64268-417-9. Retrieved 18 January 2024.

[Nicol1984-7] Nicol, Donald M. (1984). The Despotate of Epiros, 1267–1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 142–145. ISBN 978-0-521-13089-9.

[8] Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987]. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 355. ISBN 0-472-08260-4. Early in 1385 John Spata attacked Jannina but soon withdrew when he saw he could not crack the defenses created by Esau.

[9] Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987]. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 355. ISBN 0-472-08260-4.

[10] Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987]. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4.^{[page needed]}

[11] Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987]. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4. However, despite winning a major open-field battle against Tocco's forces in 1412, the Albanian allies could not take Jannina

[12] Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987]. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 356. ISBN 0-472-08260-4. Carlo brought his forces south; the people of Arta submitted to him, and he entered the town in October 1416..

[Kosovo:_A_Short_History_._p._176-13] Kosovo: A Short History . p. 176

[14] Michael Schuman (14 May 2014). Serbia and Montenegro. Infobase. p. 19. ISBN 9781438122526. Retrieved 24 March 2016.

[15] Clissold, Henry Clifford Darby (1966). Short History of Yugoslavia. CUP Archive. p. 79. Retrieved 24 March 2016. civil war montenegro 1847.

[16] William Miller (12 October 2012). The Ottoman Empire and Its Successors, 1801-1927. Routledge. ISBN 9781136260469. Retrieved 24 March 2016.

[Kokkinos-17] Kokkinos, P. (1965). Կոկինոս Պ., Հունահայ գաղութի պատմությունից (1918–1927) (in Armenian). Yerevan: National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia. pp. 14, 208–209. ISBN 9789609952002. Cited in Vardanyan, Gevorg (12 November 2012). Հայ-հունական համագործակցության փորձերը Հայոց ցեղասպանության տարիներին (1915–1923 թթ.) [The attempts of the Greek-Armenian Co-operation during the Armenian Genocide (1915–1923)]]. akunq.net (in Armenian). Research Center on Western Armenian Studies. Archived from the original on 25 August 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020.

[18] Gyula Andrássy, Bismarck, Andrássy, and Their Successors, Houghton Mifflin, 1927, p. 273.

[19] Jung, Peter (20 May 2003). The Austro-Hungarian Forces in World War I (1): 1914-16. Bloomsbury USA. p. 13. ISBN 9781841765945. Retrieved 19 April 2015.

[:0-20] "26 July 1920, took place the Koplik war against the Yugoslav army". www.qmksh.al. 25 July 2017.

[:1-21] "Malësorët e Malësisë (Në Mal të Zi) dhe Lufta e Koplikut". 12 October 2020.

[22] Xhafa, Bajram. Lufta e Dibrës(1920). ISBN 9992749555.

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