Vice Admiral Sir John Augustine Collins, KBE, CB (7 January 1899 – 3 September 1989) was a Royal Australian Navy (RAN) officer who served in both World Wars, and who eventually rose to become a vice admiral and Chief of Naval Staff. Collins was one of the first graduates of the Royal Australian Naval College to attain flag rank. During the Second World War, he commanded the cruiser HMAS Sydney in the Mediterranean campaign. He led the Australian Naval Squadron in the Pacific theatre and was wounded in the first recorded kamikaze attack, in 1944.
Sir John Augustine Collins | |
|---|---|
 Captain John Collins in 1943 | |
| Born | 7 January 1899 Deloraine, Tasmania |
| Died | 3 September 1989 (aged 90) Sydney, New South Wales |
| Allegiance | Australia |
| Service | Royal Australian Navy |
| Years of service | 1913–1955 |
| Rank | Vice Admiral |
| Commands | Chief of Naval Staff (1948–1955) HM Australian Squadron (1944, 1945–1946) Task Force 74 (1944–1945) HMAS Shropshire (1943–1944) China Force (1942) HMAS Sydney (1935–1937, 1939–1941) |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire Companion of the Order of the Bath Mentioned in Despatches Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau (Netherlands) Officer of the Legion of Merit (United States) |
| Other work | High Commissioner to New Zealand (1956–1962) |
Early life and education
editJohn Augustine Collins was born in Deloraine, Tasmania, to English parents in 1899.[1] In 1913, at age 14, Collins joined the first intake to the RAN College.[1] He became a midshipman in January 1917, in time to see war service while attached to the Royal Navy.[1]
Second World War
editIn the early Second World War, Collins commanded HMAS Sydney in the Battle of the Mediterranean.[1] Sydney led Allied ships which sank an Italian cruiser, Bartolomeo Colleoni, in the Battle of Cape Spada, in July 1940. For this action, in 1940 he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath.[2][3]
Relations between the RAN and British Royal Navy were close at the time, with frequent exchanges of officers between the two and in June 1941, Collins was transferred to Singapore, as Assistant Chief of Staff to the British Naval Commander in Chief, China Station, Vice Admiral Geoffrey Layton.[1]
Following the outbreak of war with Japan, Collins was appointed Commodore Commanding China Force, the RN-RAN cruiser and destroyer force based in Batavia, Dutch East Indies, under the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command.[1]
After the fall of Singapore and the Allied defeat in the Battle of the Java Sea, it became clear that the Dutch East Indies would be occupied by Japan. Collins organised the evacuation of Allied civilians and military personnel from Batavia, and was on one of the last ships to leave, before the city fell, in March 1942.[1] As a result, he was Mentioned in Despatches,[4] and was later made a Commander of the Dutch Order of Orange-Nassau.[5]
Collins was then appointed Senior Naval Officer, Western Australia, based at Fremantle.[1]
During 1943, Collins commanded HMAS Shropshire and took part in the Bougainville campaign, the Battle of Cape Gloucester, and operations off the Admiralty Islands and Hollandia (Dutch New Guinea).[1]
In mid-1944, Collins was made commander of the Australian-US Navy Task Force 74, and commander of the Australian Naval Squadron, with HMAS Australia as his flagship. He became the first graduate of the RAN College to command a naval squadron in action, during the bombardment of Noemfoor, on 2 July 1944.
Collins was badly wounded in the first kamikaze attack in history, which hit Australia on 21 October 1944, in the lead up to the Battle of Leyte Gulf.[1] He did not resume his command until July 1945. When the war ended Collins was the RAN's representative at the surrender ceremony in Tokyo Bay.[1]
Post-war service and legacy
editCollins was appointed Chief of Naval Staff in 1948, succeeding Sir Louis Keppel Hamilton, and held the position until 1955. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1951 New Year Honours.[6][7] He later served as Australia's High Commissioner to New Zealand (1956–1962).[1]
The latest class of Australian submarine, the Collins class bears his name. The lead submarine, HMAS Collins, was launched by his widow on 28 August 1993. Collins Road, a street in the north Sydney suburb of St Ives, and another in the town of Narooma was also named in his honour.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Vice Admiral Sir John Augustine Collins". Royal Australian Navy.
- ^ "No. 34907". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 July 1940. p. 4653.
- ^ "The Order of the Bath – Companion (Military) (Imperial) (CBE) entry for Vice Admiral John Augustine COLLINS". Australian Honours Database. Canberra, Australia: Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 26 July 1940. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
HMAS Sydney-Colleoni action
- ^ "No. 35823". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 December 1942. p. 5461.
- ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Commodore John Augustine Collins". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
- ^ "No. 39105". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1950. p. 35.
- ^ "The Order of the British Empire – Knights Commander (Military) (Imperial) (KBE) entry for Vice Admiral John Augustine COLLINS, CB". Australian Honours Database. Canberra, Australia: Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 1 January 1951. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
- ^ Australia's Argonauts: The remarkable story of the first class to enter the Royal Australian Naval College. Canberra: Echo Books. 2016. p. 580.
Further reading
edit- L, Klemen (2000). "Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942".