Ectopic hormone

An ectopic hormone is a hormone produced by tumors derived from tissue that is not typically associated with its production.^[1]

On the other hand, the term entopic is used to refer to hormones produced by tissue in tumors that are normally engaged in the production of that hormone. ^[2]

The excess hormone secretion is considered detrimental to the normal body homeostasis.^[3] This hormone production typically results in a set of signs and symptoms that are called a paraneoplastic syndrome.^[2]

Some clinical syndromes caused by ectopic hormone production include:

Syndrome	Main causal cancers	Ectopic hormone
Cushing syndrome	Small-cell lung cancer^[4] Pancreatic carcinoma^[4] Neural tumors^[4] Thymoma	Ectopic ACTH and ACTH-like substance
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone	Small-cell lung cancer^[4]	Ectopic Antidiuretic hormone^[4]
Hypercalcemia	Lung cancer (typically squamous cell)^[4] Breast carcinoma^[4] Renal and bladder carcinoma^[4]^[5] Multiple myeloma (may occur independent of osteolytic lesions) Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma^[4] Ovarian carcinoma^[4] Squamous cell carcinoma (e.g., lung, head, neck, esophageus)^[4]^[5]	Ectopic PTHrP (Parathyroid hormone-related protein), TGF-α, TNF, IL-1^[4]
Hypoglycemia	Fibrosarcoma^[4] Hemangiopericytomas^[1]	Ectopic Insulin-like growth factor 2
Hyperaldosteronism	Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Ovarian carcinoma Pulmonary	Ectopic Aldosterone^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b "Endocrine Paraneoplastic Syndromes ("Ectopic" Hormone Production)". Retrieved 28 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b Ectopic Hormone Syndromes. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960823-2. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
^ "Ectopic hormones". Retrieved 28 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Table 6-5 in: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1. 8th edition.
^ ^a ^b Goldner W (2016). "Cancer-Related Hypercalcemia". J Oncol Pract. 12 (5): 426–32. doi:10.1200/JOP.2016.011155. PMID 27170690.
^ Mulatero P, Rabbia F, Veglio F (May 2001). "Paraneoplastic hyperaldosteronism associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma". New England Journal of Medicine. 344 (20): 1558–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM200105173442017. PMID 11368052.

[NBK12609-1] "Endocrine Paraneoplastic Syndromes ("Ectopic" Hormone Production)". Retrieved 28 February 2022.

[isbn823-2] Ectopic Hormone Syndromes. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960823-2. Retrieved 28 February 2022.

[3] "Ectopic hormones". Retrieved 28 February 2022.

[Kumar6-5-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Table 6-5 in: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1. 8th edition.

[Goldner-5] Goldner W (2016). "Cancer-Related Hypercalcemia". J Oncol Pract. 12 (5): 426–32. doi:10.1200/JOP.2016.011155. PMID 27170690.

[6] Mulatero P, Rabbia F, Veglio F (May 2001). "Paraneoplastic hyperaldosteronism associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma". New England Journal of Medicine. 344 (20): 1558–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM200105173442017. PMID 11368052.

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