1-(4-Chlorophenyl)silatrane is an extremely toxic[2] organosilicon compound which was developed by M&T Chemicals as a single-dose rodenticide.[1] It was never registered as rodenticide,[2] except for experimental use.[1] 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)silatrane was one of the chemicals studied in the Project Coast.[3][4]
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2,8,9-trioxa-5-aza-1-silabicyclo[3.3.3]undecane
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| Other names
RS-150
Caswell No. 213B 1-(p-Chlorophenyl)silatrane 5-(p-Chlorophenyl)silatrane 5-(4-Chlorophenyl)silatrane | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.252.129 |
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C12H16ClNO3Si | |
| Molar mass | 285.8 g/mol |
| Appearance | odorless, white powder[1] |
| Melting point | 230-235 °C[1] |
| <0.2 g/L[1] | |
| Solubility in Chloroform, Benzene | soluble[1] |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Extremely toxic |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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1-4 mg/kg (rats, oral)[1] 3000 mg/kg (rats, dermal)[1] 0.9-2.0 mg/kg (mice, oral)[1] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Toxicity
edit1-(4-Chlorophenyl)silatrane is a GABA receptor antagonist[5] and it destroys nervous functions in the central nervous system of vertebrates, primarily in the brain and possibly in the brain stem.[6][7][8] It's a rapid acting convulsant, causing convulsions within 1 minute in mice and rats. Death occurred within 5 minutes.[9] It is therefore likely to induce poison shyness.[2] In field trials, it was less effective than zinc phosphide against wild rats.[10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i Crabtree, D. Glen; Beiter, Charles B.; Schwarcz, Morton (1970). "5-p-Chlorophenyl silatrane, a new single-dose rodenticide". Chemical Report by M&T Chemicals Inc.
- ^ a b c Lund, M. (1977). "New Rodenticides Against Anticoagulant-resistant Rats and Mice". EPPO Bulletin. 7 (2). Wiley: 503–508. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1977.tb02750.x. ISSN 0250-8052.
- ^ "South Africa Chemical Chronology" (PDF). NTI.org. Nuclear Threat Initiative. 2005-04-23. Retrieved 2020-07-31.
- ^ Bale, Jeffrey M. (2006). "South Africa's Project Coast: "Death Squads," Covert State-Sponsored Poisonings, and the Dangers of CBW Proliferation". Democracy and Security. 2 (1). Informa UK Limited: 27–59. doi:10.1080/17419160600623434. ISSN 1741-9166. S2CID 143175071.
- ^ Casida, JE; Lawrence, LJ (September 1985). "Structure-activity correlations for interactions of bicyclophosphorus esters and some polychlorocycloalkane and pyrethroid insecticides with the brain-specific t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate receptor". Environmental Health Perspectives. 61: 123–32. doi:10.2307/3430066. JSTOR 3430066. PMC 1568750. PMID 2415350.
- ^ Casida, John E.; Eto, Morifusa; Moscioni, A.David; Engel, Judith L.; Milbrath, Dean S.; Verkade, John G. (1976). "Structure-toxicity relationships of 2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]-octanes and related compounds". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 36 (2). Elsevier BV: 261–279. Bibcode:1976ToxAP..36..261C. doi:10.1016/0041-008x(76)90006-5. ISSN 0041-008X. PMID 1084063.
- ^ Mattson, H.; Brandt, K.; Heilbronn, E. (21–26 August 1977). Proceedings of the International Society of Neurochemistry. Sixth International Meeting of the International Society for Neurochemistry. Copenhagen, Denmark. p. 56.
- ^ Voronkov, Michail G. (1979). "Biological activity of silatranes". Topics in Current Chemistry. Vol. 84. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 77–135. doi:10.1007/bfb0048523. ISBN 3-540-09347-8. PMID 388722.
- ^ Greaves, JH; Redfern, R; Tinworth, H (August 1974). "Laboratory tests of 5-p-chlorophenyl silatrane as a rodenticide". The Journal of Hygiene. 73 (1): 39–43. doi:10.1017/s0022172400023810. PMC 2130561. PMID 4529452.
- ^ Rennison, B. D. (1974). "Field trials of the rodenticide 5-p-chlorophenyl silatrane against wild rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk.)". Journal of Hygiene. 73 (1). Cambridge University Press: 45–48. doi:10.1017/s0022172400023822. ISSN 0022-1724. PMC 2130558. PMID 4529041.