Aphaneramma

Aphaneramma; Temporal range: Early Triassic PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Order:	†Temnospondyli
Suborder:	†Stereospondyli
Family:	†Trematosauridae
Subfamily:	†Lonchorhynchinae
Genus:	†Aphaneramma; Woodward, 1904
Type species
	†Aphaneramma rostratum; Woodward, 1904
Other species
	†A. gavialimimus Fortuny et al., 2017; †A. kokeni (von Huene, 1920);
Synonyms
	Halobatrachus Hammer, 1987

Aphaneramma is an extinct genus of marine temnospondyl amphibian. It lived during the Early Triassic epoch, approximately 252–247 Ma ago, and had a global distribution.

Fossils have been found in the Mianwali Formation of Pakistan,^[2] Madagascar,^[3] the Zhitkov Formation of Russia,^[4] and the Vikinghøgda Formation (Kongressfjellet Formation) of Svalbard (Norway).^[5]

Aphaneramma had a skull about 40 centimetres (16 in) in length.^[3] Its jaws were very long, similar to the extant gharial's, and lined with small teeth. This adaptation suggests that it may have preyed on fish. A marine lifestyle for this animal was proposed.^[1]

Aphaneramma is closely related to Cosgriffius from North America.

References

^ ^a ^b Scheyer, Torsten M.; Romano, Carlo; Jenks, Jim; Bucher, Hugo (19 March 2014). "Early Triassic Marine Biotic Recovery: The Predators' Perspective". PLOS ONE. 9 (3): e88987. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...988987S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088987. PMC 3960099. PMID 24647136.
^ Maisch, Michael W. (31 March 2020). "Aphaneramma kokeni (von Huene, 1920), a lonchorhynchine trematosaurid (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Lower Triassic of Pakistan". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 295 (3): 211–241. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2020/0879. S2CID 216325073.
^ ^a ^b Fortuny, Josep; Gastou, Stéphanie; Esquillié, François; Ranivoharimanana, Lovasoa; Steyer, Sébastien (29 June 2017). "A new extreme longirostrine temnospondyl from the Triassic of Madagascar: phylogenetic and palaeobiogeographical implications for trematosaurids". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 16 (8): 675–688. doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1335805. S2CID 134191156.
^ Zhitkov Formation at Fossilworks.org
^ Woodward, Arthur Smith (1904). "On two new labyrinthodont skulls of the genera Capitosaurus and Aphaneramma". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1904 (3): 170–176. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1904.tb08328.x.

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[Scheyer2014-1] Scheyer, Torsten M.; Romano, Carlo; Jenks, Jim; Bucher, Hugo (19 March 2014). "Early Triassic Marine Biotic Recovery: The Predators' Perspective". PLOS ONE. 9 (3): e88987. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...988987S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088987. PMC 3960099. PMID 24647136.

[2] Maisch, Michael W. (31 March 2020). "Aphaneramma kokeni (von Huene, 1920), a lonchorhynchine trematosaurid (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Lower Triassic of Pakistan". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 295 (3): 211–241. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2020/0879. S2CID 216325073.

[:0-3] Fortuny, Josep; Gastou, Stéphanie; Esquillié, François; Ranivoharimanana, Lovasoa; Steyer, Sébastien (29 June 2017). "A new extreme longirostrine temnospondyl from the Triassic of Madagascar: phylogenetic and palaeobiogeographical implications for trematosaurids". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 16 (8): 675–688. doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1335805. S2CID 134191156.

[FWZhitkov-4] Zhitkov Formation at Fossilworks.org

[5] Woodward, Arthur Smith (1904). "On two new labyrinthodont skulls of the genera Capitosaurus and Aphaneramma". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1904 (3): 170–176. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1904.tb08328.x.

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