An 18650 battery[1] or 1865 cell[2] is a cylindrical lithium-ion battery common in electronic devices. The batteries measure 18 mm (0.71 in) in diameter by 65 mm (2.56 in) in length, giving them the name 18650.[3] The battery comes in many nominal voltages depending on the specific chemistry used.
 Panasonic 18650 batteries inside a laptop. Each cell has a capacity of 2450 mAh. | |
| Type | Power source |
|---|---|
| Working principle | Electrochemical reactions, Electromotive force |
| First production | 1994 |
| Pin configuration | Anode and Cathode |
| Electronic symbol | |
 | |
Panasonic first developed the 18650 battery in 1994 "when there was a growing need for ever smaller and lighter storage batteries that could be used for ever longer periods of time".[4] They are now commonly used in power tools, electric bicycles, laptops, and electric vehicles.[5]
Chemistry
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. Find sources: "18650 battery chemistry" lithium-ion battery chemistry – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2023) |
18650 batteries are most commonly lithium-based.[citation needed]
By 2023, some sodium-ion variants were available in the 18mm x 65 mm cylindrical cell form factor as well.[6][better source needed]
In 2024, a potassium-ion variant was unveiled in the 18650 format that utilizes a proprietary 4V Potassium Prussian White cathode and a commercially available graphite anode.[7]
Packs
edit
18650 batteries are commonly used in packs, where a battery management system (BMS) is required, especially once cells age and perform differently. BMS boards balance the voltage of cells in series and protect against over- and under-discharge.
Products using 18650 cells
edit18650 battery cells are used in a wide variety of products from the 1990s through the 2020s, and are widely regarded as the most produced lithium-ion cell size.[8] 18650/1865 cells are used in many laptop computer batteries, cordless power tools, many electric cars, electric scooters,[9] most e-bikes, older portable powerbanks, electronic cigarettes,[10][11] portable fans, and LED flashlights. Nominal voltage is 3.6-3.7 V.[12][5]
In the electric automobile sector, they are used in the first three vehicles manufactured by Tesla, the first-generation Roadster (late 2000s), Model S (2012+), and the Model X (2015+).[13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ August Neverman (12 November 2022). "Everything You Need to Know About the 18650 Battery". Common Sense Home.
- ^ Jake Christensen (2022-05-20). "Tesla Tab Talk". Bosch.
- ^ Zollo, Bob (19 September 2018). "The Standard 18650 Li-Ion Cell Isn't Always Standard". Electronic Design. 21807019. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
- ^ "Corporate History: 1994". Panasonic Holdings. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
- ^ a b Muenzel, Valentin; Hollenkamp, Anthony F.; Bhatt, Anand I.; Hoog, Julian de; Brazil, Marcus; Thomas, Doreen A.; Mareels, Iven (2015-05-28). "A Comparative Testing Study of Commercial 18650-Format Lithium-Ion Battery Cells". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 162 (8): A1592. doi:10.1149/2.0721508jes. hdl:11343/55225. ISSN 1945-7111. S2CID 93255496.
- ^ "Sodium Ion 1250 mAh 50A 18650 Rechargeable Battery". SRIKO Batteries | Online store for electronics | Online battery store. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
- ^ Group1. "Group1 Unveils First Potassium-ion Battery in 18650 Format". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved 2024-09-05.
{{cite press release}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Most Popular Lithium-Ion Cells for Custom Battery Packs". www.rosebatteries.com. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
- ^ "Xiaomi M365 Specifications". 31 July 2019. Archived from the original on 31 July 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
- ^ "Reddit Electronic Cigarette Wiki". reddit.com. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
- ^ "List of Battery Tests". e-cigarette-forum. 22 June 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
- ^ "HDS Systems: Frequently Asked Questions – Answers to questions about our flashlights and technologies". Hdslights.com. 2005-08-13. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
- ^ "What Batteries Are Tesla Using In Its Electric Cars?". Inside EVs. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2024.