skip to main content
research-article
Open access

ThermalWear: Exploring Wearable On-chest Thermal Displays to Augment Voice Messages with Affect

Published: 23 April 2020 Publication History

Abstract

Voice is a rich modality for conveying emotions, however emotional prosody production can be situationally or medically impaired. Since thermal displays have been shown to evoke emotions, we explore how thermal stimulation can augment perception of neutrally-spoken voice messages with affect. We designed ThermalWear, a wearable on-chest thermal display, then tested in a controlled study (N=12) the effects of fabric, thermal intensity, and direction of change. Thereafter, we synthesized 12 neutrally-spoken voice messages, validated (N=7) them, then tested (N=12) if thermal stimuli can augment their perception with affect. We found warm and cool stimuli (a) can be perceived on the chest, and quickly without fabric (4.7-5s) (b) do not incur discomfort (c) generally increase arousal of voice messages and (d) increase / decrease message valence, respectively. We discuss how thermal displays can augment voice perception, which can enhance voice assistants and support individuals with emotional prosody impairments.

Supplementary Material

ZIP File (paper553aux.zip)
This contains a directory titled 'NEUT_validated_stimuli', which contains the set of six negative and six positive voice messages (in .m4a format) that we synthesized and tested in Experiment 2.
MP4 File (paper553pv.mp4)
Preview video
MP4 File (a553-el_ali-presentation.mp4)

References

[1]
Gregory A. Bryant. 2010. Prosodic Contrasts in Ironic Speech. Discourse Processes - DISCOURSE PROCESS 47 (10 2010), 545--566.
[2]
M. Abitha, Roshanara, and V. Subramaniam. 2015. Thermal Conductivity of Fabrics. In Advances in Mechanical Engineering (Applied Mechanics and Materials), Vol. 813. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 768--772.
[3]
Moses Akazue, Martin Halvey, Lynne Baillie, and Stephen Brewster. 2016. The Effect of Thermal Stimuli on the Emotional Perception of Images. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '16). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 4401--4412.
[4]
Pascal Belin, Sarah Fillion-Bilodeau, and Frédéric Gosselin. 2008. The Montreal Affective Voices: A validated set of nonverbal affect bursts for research on auditory affective processing. Behavior Research Methods 40, 2 (01 May 2008), 531--539.
[5]
Margaret M. Bradley and Peter J. Lang. 1994. Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 25, 1 (1994), 49 -- 59.
[6]
Patricia J. Brooks and Bertram O. Ploog. 2013. Attention to emotional tone of voice in speech perception in children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 7, 7 (2013), 845 -- 857.
[7]
Carolin Brük, Benjamin Kreifelts, and Dirk Wildgruber. 2011. "Emotional voices in context: A neurobiological model of multimodal affective information processing". Physics of Life Reviews" 8, 4 (2011), 383 -- 403.
[8]
Domenic V Cicchetti. 1994. Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychological assessment 6, 4 (1994), 284.
[9]
O. Collignon, S. Girard, F. Gosselin, D. Saint-Amour, F. Lepore, and M. Lassonde. 2010. Women process multisensory emotion expressions more efficiently than men. Neuropsychologia 48, 1 (2010), 220 -- 225.
[10]
Ella A. Cooper, John Garlick, Eric Featherstone, Valerie Voon, Tania Singer, Hugo D. Critchley, and Neil A. Harrison. 2015. You Turn Me Cold: Evidence for Temperature Contagion. PLOS ONE 9, 12 (12 2015), 1--18.
[11]
Laura Devendorf, Joanne Lo, Noura Howell, Jung Lin Lee, Nan-Wei Gong, M. Emre Karagozler, Shiho Fukuhara, Ivan Poupyrev, Eric Paulos, and Kimiko Ryokai. 2016. "I Don'T Want to Wear a Screen": Probing Perceptions of and Possibilities for Dynamic Displays on Clothing. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '16). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 6028--6039.
[12]
Lawrence E Williams and John A Bargh. 2008. Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth. Science (New York, N.Y.) 322 (11 2008), 606--7.
[13]
Inge-Marie Eigsti, Jillian Schuh, Einar Mencl, Robert T. Schultz, and Rhea Paul. 2012. The neural underpinnings of prosody in autism. Child Neuropsychology 18, 6 (2012), 600--617. 22176162.
[14]
T. Ethofer, D. Van De Ville, K. Scherer, and P. Vuilleumier. 2009. Decoding of Emotional Information in Voice-Sensitive Cortices. Current Biology 19, 12 (June 23, 2009), 1028--1033.
[15]
Nicola Gerrett, Yacine Ouzzahra, and George Havenith. 2015. Distribution of Skin Thermal Sensitivity. 1--17.
[16]
Daniel Gooch and Leon Watts. Communicating Social Presence Through Thermal Hugs.
[17]
Philip Gorelick and Elliott Ross. 1987. The aprosodias: Further functional-anatomical evidence for the organisation of affective language in the right hemisphere. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 50 (06 1987), 553--60.
[18]
Ruth B. Grossman, Lisa R. Edelson, and Helen Tager-Flusberg. 2013. Emotional Facial and Vocal Expressions During Story Retelling by Children and Adolescents With High-Functioning Autism. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 56, 3 (2013), 1035--1044.
[19]
Kevin A. Hallgren. 2012. Computing Inter-Rater Reliability for Observational Data: An Overview and Tutorial. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology 8, 1 (2012), 23--34.
[20]
Martin Halvey, Michael Henderson, Stephen A. Brewster, Graham Wilson, and Stephen A. Hughes. 2012a. Augmenting Media with Thermal Stimulation. In Haptic and Audio Interaction Design, Charlotte Magnusson, Delphine Szymczak, and Stephen Brewster (Eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 91--100.
[21]
Martin Halvey, Graham Wilson, Stephen Brewster, and Stephen Hughes. 2012b. "Baby It's Cold Outside": The Influence of Ambient Temperature and Humidity on Thermal Feedback. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '12). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 715--724.
[22]
Martin Halvey, Graham Wilson, Yolanda Vazquez-Alvarez, Stephen A. Brewster, and Stephen A. Hughes. 2011. The Effect of Clothing on Thermal Feedback Perception. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI '11). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 217--220.
[23]
Jari Hietanen, Enrico Glerean, Riitta Hari, and Lauri Nummenmaa. 2016. Bodily maps of emotions across child development. Developmental Science 19 (02 2016), n/a--n/a.
[24]
Hans IJzerman and Gün R. Semin. 2009. The Thermometer of Social Relations: Mapping Social Proximity on Temperature. Psychological Science 20, 10 (2009), 1214--1220. 19732385.
[25]
Ken Iwasaki, Takashi Miyaki, and Jun Rekimoto. 2010. AffectPhone: A Handset Device to Present User's Emotional State with Warmth/Coolness. In B-Interface.
[26]
C.E. Izard. 1991. The Psychology of Emotions. Springer US. https://books.google.nl/books?id=RPv-shA_sxMC
[27]
Matthew J Hertenstein, Rachel Holmes, Margaret McCullough, and Dacher Keltner. 2009. The Communication of Emotion Via Touch. Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 9 (09 2009), 566--73.
[28]
L. A. Jones and H. Ho. 2008. Warm or Cool, Large or Small? The Challenge of Thermal Displays. IEEE Transactions on Haptics 1, 1 (Jan 2008), 53--70.
[29]
Kazuyuki Kanosue, Norihiro Sadato, Tomohisa Okada, Tamae Yoda, Sadamu Nakai, Kyoko Yoshida, Takayoshi Hosono, Kei Nagashima, Tomoko Yagishita, Osamu Inoue, Kaoru Kobayashi, and Yoshiharu Yonekura. 2002. Brain activation during whole body cooling in humans studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroscience Letters 329, 2 (2002), 157 -- 160.
[30]
M.R. Key. 1980. The Relationship of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication. Mouton. https://books.google.nl/books?id=Tbg98xnbIYwC
[31]
Seyeong Kim, Yea-kyung Row, and Tek-Jin Nam. 2018. Thermal Interaction with a Voice-based Intelligent Agent. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '18). ACM, NY, NY, USA, Article LBW631, 6 pages.
[32]
M.L. Knapp, J.A. Hall, and T.G. Horgan. 2013. Nonverbal Communication in Human Interaction. Cengage Learning. https://books.google.nl/books?id=rWoWAAAAQBAJ
[33]
James F. Knight and Chris Baber. 2005. A Tool to Assess the Comfort of Wearable Computers. Human Factors 47, 1 (2005), 77--91. 15960088.
[34]
J. F. Knight, C. Baber, A. Schwirtz, and H. W. Bristow. 2002. The comfort assessment of wearable computers. In Proceedings. Sixth International Symposium on Wearable Computers,. 65--72.
[35]
Jody Kreiman and Diana Sidtis. 2011. Foundations of Voice Studies: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Voice Production and Perception. Wiley-Blackwell.
[36]
Diana Van Lancker, Cathleen Cornelius, and Jody Kreiman. 1989. Recognition of emotional-prosodic meanings in speech by autistic, schizophrenic, and normal children. Developmental Neuropsychology 5, 2--3 (1989), 207--226.
[37]
Amandine Lassalle, Delia Pigat, Helen O'Reilly, Steve Berggen, Shimrit Fridenson-Hayo, Shahar Tal, Sigrid Elfström, Anna Råde, Ofer Golan, Sven Bölte, Simon Baron-Cohen, and Daniel Lundqvist. 2019. The EU-Emotion Voice Database. Behavior Research Methods 51, 2 (01 Apr 2019), 493--506.
[38]
Petri Laukka. 2017. Vocal Communication of Emotion. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 1--6.
[39]
Wonjun Lee and Youn-kyung Lim. 2010. Thermo-message: Exploring the Potential of Heat As a Modality of Peripheral Expression. In CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '10). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 4231--4236.
[40]
Wonjun Lee and Youn-kyung Lim. 2012. Explorative research on the heat as an expression medium: focused on interpersonal communication. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 16, 8 (01 Dec 2012), 1039--1049.
[41]
ROBERT W. LEVENSON. 2003. Blood, Sweat, and Fears. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1000, 1 (2003), 348--366.
[42]
Markus Löchtefeld, Nadine Lautemann, Sven Gehring, and Antonio Krüger. 2014. ambiPad: Enriching Mobile Digital Media with Ambient Feedback. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction with Mobile Devices & Services (MobileHCI '14). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 295--298.
[43]
Haiko Luepsen. 2017. The aligned rank transform and discrete variables: A warning. Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 46, 9 (2017), 6923--6936.
[44]
Abhijit Majumdar. 2011. Modelling of thermal conductivity of knitted fabrics made of cotton and bamboo yarns using artificial neural network. The Journal of The Textile Institute 102, 9 (2011), 752--762.
[45]
Catherine Mcconnell, Djordje Popovic, Chris Berka, Dan Levendowski, and Gene Davis. 2014. Somneo: Device with Thermal Stimulation for Modulating Sleep Architecture and Enhancing Neuro-Cognitive Function. In 8th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition. Advancing Human Performance and Decision-Making Through Adaptive Systems - Volume 8534. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 296--304.
[46]
Kenneth O McGraw and Seok P Wong. 1996. Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychological methods 1, 1 (1996), 30.
[47]
Mutsuhiro Nakashige, Minoru Kobayashi, Yuriko Suzuki, Hidekazu Tamaki, and Suguru Higashino. 2009. "Hiya-Atsu" Media: Augmenting Digital Media with Temperature. In CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '09). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 3181--3186.
[48]
Paula M. Niedenthal. 2007. Embodying emotion. Science 316 5827 (2007), 1002--5.
[49]
Lauri Nummenmaa, Enrico Glerean, Riitta Hari, and Jari K. Hietanen. 2014. Bodily maps of emotions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, 2 (2014), 646--651.
[50]
Yacine Ouzzahra, George Havenith, and Bernard Redortier. 2012. Regional distribution of thermal sensitivity to cold at rest and during mild exercise in males. Journal of Thermal Biology 37, 7 (2012), 517 -- 523.
[51]
Silke Paulmann, Desire Furnes, Anne Ming BÃ?kenes, and Philip J. Cozzolino. 2016. How Psychological Stress Affects Emotional Prosody. PLOS ONE 11, 11 (11 2016), 1--21.
[52]
Roshan Lalitha Peiris, Yuan-Ling Feng, Liwei Chan, and Kouta Minamizawa. 2019. ThermalBracelet: Exploring Thermal Haptic Feedback Around the Wrist. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '19). ACM, NY, NY, USA, Article 170, 11 pages.
[53]
Kathleen Peterson. 2002. Six modifications of the aligned rank transform test for interaction. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods 1, 1 (2002), 100--109.
[54]
Hendrik Richter, Doris Hausen, Sven Osterwald, and Andreas Butz. 2012. Reproducing Materials of Virtual Elements on Touchscreens Using Supplemental Thermal Feedback. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI '12). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 385--392.
[55]
Emma Rodero. 2011. Intonation and Emotion: Influence of Pitch Levels and Contour Type on Creating Emotions. Journal of Voice 25, 1 (2011), e25 -- e34.
[56]
Gabriela Rosenblau, Dorit Kliemann, Isabel Dziobek, and Hauke R. Heekeren. 2016. Emotional prosody processing in autism spectrum disorder. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 12, 2 (08 2016), 224--239.
[57]
Melissa Ryan, Janice Murray, and Ted Ruffman. 2009. Aging and the Perception of Emotion: Processing Vocal Expressions Alone and With Faces. Experimental Aging Research 36, 1 (2009), 1--22.
[58]
Katri Salminen, Veikko Surakka, Jukka Raisamo, Jani Lylykangas, Johannes Pystynen, Roope Raisamo, Kalle Mäkelä, and Teemu Ahmaniemi. 2011. Emotional Responses to Thermal Stimuli. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI '11). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 193--196.
[59]
Katri Salminen, Veikko Surakka, Jukka Raisamo, Jani Lylykangas, Roope Raisamo, Kalle Mäkelä, and Teemu Ahmaniemi. 2013. Cold or Hot? How Thermal Stimuli Are Related to Human Emotional System?. In Haptic and Audio Interaction Design, Ian Oakley and Stephen Brewster (Eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 20--29.
[60]
Disa A. Sauter, Frank Eisner, Andrew J. Calder, and Sophie K. Scott. 2010. Perceptual Cues in Nonverbal Vocal Expressions of Emotion. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 63, 11 (2010), 2251--2272. 20437296.
[61]
Klaus R. Scherer. 2003. Vocal Communication of Emotion: A Review of Research Paradigms. Speech Commun. 40, 1--2 (April 2003), 227--256.
[62]
Diana Sidtis and Jody Kreiman. 2012. In the Beginning Was the Familiar Voice: Personally Familiar Voices in the Evolutionary and Contemporary Biology of Communication. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science 46, 2 (01 Jun 2012), 146--159.
[63]
Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Dacher J Keltner, Disa Sauter, Lara Sinicropi-Yao, and Anna Abramson. 2009. The Voice Conveys Specific Emotions: Evidence From Vocal Burst Displays. Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 9 (12 2009), 838--46.
[64]
J. C. Stevens. 1991. Thermal Sensibility. Lawrence Erlbaum, Chapter 3, 61--90.
[65]
Katja Suhonen, Sebastian Müller, Jussi Rantala, Kaisa Väänänen-Vainio-Mattila, Roope Raisamo, and Vuokko Lantz. 2012. Haptically Augmented Remote Speech Communication: A Study of User Practices and Experiences. In Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Making Sense Through Design (NordiCHI '12). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 361--369.
[66]
EUN-JUNG SUNG, SEUNG-SCHIK YOO, HYO WOON YOON, SUNG-SUK OH, YEJI HAN, and HYUN WOOK PARK. 2007. Brain activation related to affective dimension during thermal stimulation in humans: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. International Journal of Neuroscience 117, 7 (2007), 1011--1027.
[67]
Jordan Tewell, Jon Bird, and George R. Buchanan. 2017. The Heat is On: A Temperature Display for Conveying Affective Feedback. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '17). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 1756--1767.
[68]
Aäron van den Oord, Sander Dieleman, Heiga Zen, Karen Simonyan, Oriol Vinyals, Alexander Graves, Nal Kalchbrenner, Andrew Senior, and Koray Kavukcuoglu. 2016. WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audio. In Arxiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.03499
[69]
Sofia Volynets, Enrico Glerean, Jari Hietanen, Riitta Hari, and Lauri Nummenmaa. 2019. Bodily maps of emotions are culturally universal. Emotion (07 2019).
[70]
Sarah Wiethoff, Dirk Wildgruber, Benjamin Kreifelts, Hubertus Becker, Cornelia Herbert, Wolfgang Grodd, and Thomas Ethofer. 2008. Cerebral processing of emotional prosody -- influence of acoustic parameters and arousal. NeuroImage 39, 2 (2008), 885 -- 893.
[71]
Michele A. Williams, Asta Roseway, Chris O'Dowd, Mary Czerwinski, and Meredith Ringel Morris. 2015. SWARM: An Actuated Wearable for Mediating Affect. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (TEI '15). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 293--300.
[72]
Graham Wilson, Stephen Brewster, Martin Halvey, and Stephen Hughes. 2012. Thermal Icons: Evaluating Structured Thermal Feedback for Mobile Interaction. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI '12). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 309--312.
[73]
Graham Wilson, Gavin Davidson, and Stephen A. Brewster. 2015. In the Heat of the Moment: Subjective Interpretations of Thermal Feedback During Interaction. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '15). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 2063--2072.
[74]
Graham Wilson, Dobromir Dobrev, and Stephen A. Brewster. 2016. Hot Under the Collar: Mapping Thermal Feedback to Dimensional Models of Emotion. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '16). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 4838--4849.
[75]
Graham Wilson, Martin Halvey, Stephen A. Brewster, and Stephen A. Hughes. 2011. Some Like It Hot: Thermal Feedback for Mobile Devices. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '11). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 2555--2564.
[76]
Jacob O. Wobbrock, Leah Findlater, Darren Gergle, and James J. Higgins. 2011. The Aligned Rank Transform for Nonparametric Factorial Analyses Using Only Anova Procedures. In Proc. CHI '11. ACM, NY, NY, USA, 143--146.
[77]
Clint Zeagler. 2017. Where to Wear It: Functional, Technical, and Social Considerations in On-body Location for Wearable Technology 20 Years of Designing for Wearability. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC '17). ACM, NY, NY, USA, 150--157.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Thermal In Motion: Designing Thermal Flow Illusions with Tactile and Thermal InteractionProceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3654777.3676460(1-13)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
  • (2024)Fiery Hands: Designing Thermal Glove through Thermal and Tactile Integration for Virtual Object ManipulationProceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3654777.3676457(1-15)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
  • (2024)Augmenting Media Experiences with Affective HapticsInteractions10.1145/364531531:2(6-8)Online publication date: 28-Feb-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. ThermalWear: Exploring Wearable On-chest Thermal Displays to Augment Voice Messages with Affect

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image ACM Conferences
      CHI '20: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
      April 2020
      10688 pages
      ISBN:9781450367080
      DOI:10.1145/3313831
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

      Sponsors

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 23 April 2020

      Permissions

      Request permissions for this article.

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. affect
      2. chest
      3. display
      4. emotion
      5. prosody
      6. thermal
      7. voice
      8. wearable

      Qualifiers

      • Research-article

      Conference

      CHI '20
      Sponsor:

      Acceptance Rates

      Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)334
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)48
      Reflects downloads up to 24 Oct 2024

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2024)Thermal In Motion: Designing Thermal Flow Illusions with Tactile and Thermal InteractionProceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3654777.3676460(1-13)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
      • (2024)Fiery Hands: Designing Thermal Glove through Thermal and Tactile Integration for Virtual Object ManipulationProceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology10.1145/3654777.3676457(1-15)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
      • (2024)Augmenting Media Experiences with Affective HapticsInteractions10.1145/364531531:2(6-8)Online publication date: 28-Feb-2024
      • (2024)Smiles Summon the Warmth of Spring: A Design Framework for Thermal-Affective Interaction based in Chinese Cí PoetryProceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3643834.3661620(2802-2819)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
      • (2024)Understanding and Designing Thermal ExperiencesProceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction10.1145/3623509.3634893(1-4)Online publication date: 11-Feb-2024
      • (2024)Designing Beyond Hot and Cold – Exploring Full-Body Heat Experiences in SaunaProceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction10.1145/3623509.3633364(1-14)Online publication date: 11-Feb-2024
      • (2024)Somaesthetic Meditation Wearable: Exploring the Effect of Targeted Warmth Technology on Meditators' ExperiencesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642557(1-14)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
      • (2024)Assessing the Influence of Visual Cues in Virtual Reality on the Spatial Perception of Physical Thermal StimuliProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642154(1-12)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
      • (2024)ALCool: Utilizing Alcohol's Evaporative Cooling for Ubiquitous Cold Sensation FeedbackProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642113(1-14)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
      • (2024)EmoWear: Exploring Emotional Teasers for Voice Message Interaction on SmartwatchesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642101(1-16)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
      • Show More Cited By

      View Options

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      HTML Format

      View this article in HTML Format.

      HTML Format

      Get Access

      Login options

      Media

      Figures

      Other

      Tables

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media