By the semi-inverse method of establishing variational principles, the Hellinger-Reissner principle can be obtained straightforwardly from energy trial-functionals without using Lagrange multipliers, and a family of generalized Hellinger-Reissner principles with an arbitrary constant are also obtained, some of which are unknown to us at the present time. The present theory provides a straightforward tool to search for various variational principles directly from governing equations and boundary conditions. [S0021-8936(00)00702-9]

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