Abstract: Our previous studies revealed that Wilms' tumor 1 (WT-1) protein was highly expressed in breast myoepithelial (ME) and endothelial cells. As the human breast tissue is rich in ME cells and blood vessels, our current study intended to assess whether WT-1 immunohistochemistry may have dual usages in evaluation of the ME cells and micro-vessel density. Consecutive sections were prepared from breast tumors with co-existing normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic components. Consecutive sections were immunostained for WT-1 and a panel of ME and endothelial cell markers. From each case, 4–5 randomly selected duct clusters were photographed, and the percentages of positive cells…for these molecules were compared. Similar to ME cell marker CD10 and smooth muscle actin (SMA), WT-1 expression was preferentially seen in ME cells, and over 90% of WT-1 positive ME cells were immunoreactive to CD10 and SMA. Distinct WT-1 expression was also seen in endothelial cells, and over 90% of WT-1 positive endothelial cells were positive for blood vessel specific markers. With tumor progression, the percentage and intensity of WT-1 positivity decreased in ME cells, whereas increased in endothelial cells. These finding suggest that WT-1 immunohistochemistry may be used to assess both the ME cells and micro-vessel density.
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Abstract: Our previous studies revealed that beta protein 1 (BP1) was barely detectable in normal human breasts, but was seen in 21%, 46%, and 81% of hyperplastic, in situ, and invasive breast lesions, respectively. Our current study attempted to assess BP1 expression in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), a very aggressive subtype of breast cancers characterized by extensive lympho-vascular invasion and involvement of dermal lymphatics. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 45 cases of IBC (nine with paired metastatic lymph nodes) and different controls were assayed immunohistochemically for BP1 expression. Positive BP1 immunoreactivities were present in all IBC cases. Strikingly, all cancer cells metastasized…to lymph nodes and cells within lymphatic channels were uniformly and strongly immunoreactive to BP1. The percentage of BP1 positive cells and the intensity of BP1 immunostaining in IBC cases were significantly greater than those in non-IBC cases. Our findings suggest that BP1 may possess properties of onco-proteins that promote tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis, representing a putative signature marker for IBC and tumor aggressiveness.
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Keywords: BP1, homeobox gene, inflammatory breast cancer, tumor invasion, metastasis