Fundamenta Informaticae - Volume 90, issue 4

Authors: Wang, Yingxu | Zhang, Du | Tsumoto, Shusaku

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Cognitive Informatics is a cutting-edge and multidisciplinary research area that tackles the fundamental problems shared by modern informatics, computing, software engineering, AI, cybernetics, cognitive science, neuropsychology, medical science, systems science, philosophy, linguistics, economics, management science, and life sciences. This editorial introduces the emerging field of cognitive informatics and its applications in cognitive computing, abstract intelligence, computational mathematics, and computational intelligence. The themes and structure of this special issue on …cognitive informatics are described, and then, focuses of the selected papers in Part II of this special issue are highlighted. Show more

Keywords: Cognitive informatics, natural intelligence, cognitive computing, abstract intelligence, artificial intelligence, neural informatics, denotational mathematics, computational intelligence

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0022

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. i-vii, 2009

Authors: Wang, Yingxu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a formal syntax framework of natural languages for computational linguistics. The abstract syntax of natural languages, particularly English, and their formal manipulations are described. On the basis of the abstract syntax, a universal language processing model and the deductive grammar of English are developed toward the formalization of Chomsky's universal grammar in linguistics. Comparative analyses of natural and programming languages, as well as the linguistic perception on software engineering, …are discussed. A wide range of applications of the deductive grammar of English have been explored in language acquisition, comprehension, generation, and processing in cognitive informatics, computational intelligence, and cognitive computing. Show more

Keywords: Cognitive informatics, linguistics, computational linguistics, formal languages, universal grammar, deductive grammar, formal syntax, formal semantics, EBNF, RTPA, comparative linguistics, software engineering, programming languages

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0023

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 353-368, 2009

Authors: Abe, Hidenao | Tsumoto, Shusaku

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In datamining post-processing, rule selection with objective rule evaluation indices is one of useful methods for extracting valuable knowledge from mined patterns. However, the relationship between an index value and experts' criteria has never been clarified. In order to determine the relationship, we have developed a method to obtain learning models from a dataset consisting of objective rule evaluation indices and evaluation labels for rules. In this study, we have compared accuracies of classification …learning algorithms for datasets with randomized class labels. Then, the result shows that accuracies of classification learning algorithms without any criterion of a human expert can not outperform each percentage of majority class on both of the balanced and imbalanced class distribution datasets. With regarding to this result, we can determine whether or not a labeled rule set contains some criteria based on the dataset consisting the objective rule evaluation indices. Show more

Keywords: Data Mining, Post-processing, Rule Evaluation, Learning Model

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0024

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 369-378, 2009

Authors: Kwolek, Bogdan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes a real-time scheme for object segmentation in video. In the first stage a segmentation based on pairwise region comparison is utilized to oversegment image through extracting superpixels. Next, the algorithmapplies the graph cut built on such superpixels, instead of the image pixels. Owing to the optimization is performed on a simpler graph and in consequence the object segmentation runs in shorter time. Tracking of object features over time contributes toward improved segmenting the …object from one image to another. The segmentation information supports following the entire object, instead of just a few features on it. The objects are segmented correctly as complete entities, despite the high variability of the object shape and cluttered background. Experimental results illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm. Show more

Keywords: Cognitive Vision Systems, Image Segmentation, Object Recognition

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0025

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 379-393, 2009

Authors: Wang, Guoyin | Wang, Yan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Recent developments in computing, communications, digital storage technologies, and high-throughput data-acquisition technologies, make it possible to gather and store incredible volumes of data. It creates unprecedented opportunities for knowledge discovery large-scale database. Data mining technology is a useful tool for this task. It is an emerging area of computational intelligence that offers new theories, techniques, and tools for processing large volumes of data, such as data analysis, decision making, etc. There are …countless researchers working on designing efficient data mining techniques, methods, and algorithms. Unfortunately,most data mining researchers pay much attention to technique problems for developing data mining models and methods, while little to basic issues of data mining. What is data mining? What is the product of a data mining process? What are we doing in a data mining process? What is the rule we would obey in a data mining process? What is the relationship between the prior knowledge of domain experts and the knowledgemind from data? In this paper, we will address these basic issues of data mining from the viewpoint of informatics [1]. Data is taken as a manmade format for encoding knowledge about the natural world. We take data mining as a process of knowledge transformation. A domain-oriented data-driven data mining (3DM) model based on a conceptual data mining model is proposed. Some data-driven data mining algorithms are also proposed to show the validity of this model, e.g., the data-driven default rule generation algorithm, data-driven decision tree pre-pruning algorithm and data-driven knowledge acquisition from concept lattice. Show more

Keywords: Domain-oriented, Data-driven, Data Mining

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0026

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 395-426, 2009

Authors: Tsumoto, Shusaku | Hirano, Shoji

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The degree of granularity of a contingency table is closely related with that of dependence of contingency tables. We investigate these relations from the viewpoints of determinantal devisors and determinants. From the results of determinantal divisors, it seems that the devisors provide information on the degree of dependencies between the matrix of the whole elements and its submatrices and the increase of the degree of granularity may lead to that of dependence. However, the other approach …shows that a constraint on the sample size of a contingency table is very strong, which leads to the evaluation formula where the increase of degree of granularity gives the decrease of dependency. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0027

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 427-442, 2009

Authors: Wang, Yingxu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Many fundamental theories and doctrines of micro- and macro-economics are not formally studied in economics. This paper presents a rigorous treatment and explanation of a set of fundamental empirical theories of economics. It is recognized that the adaptive equilibrium of market systems is rooted in the negative feedbackmechanisms of demands and supplies. A mathematical model of economic equilibrium developed in this paper provides a formal proof of Adam Smith's hypothesis of the …'invisible hand'. An economic equilibrium theorem is derived to deal with more complicated multivariable equilibrium problems that could not be handled in conventional economic theories. Then, a set of mathematical models is developed for dynamic cost analyses and the estimation of economical outcomes of engineering projects. Show more

Keywords: Theoretical economics, mathematics models, formal explanation, the invisible hand, equilibrium models, engineering economic analyses, complex economic systems

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0028

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 443-459, 2009