Nyamuk

?Nyamuk
	; Aedes aegypti: Vector daripada Mariap dingin badarah ; wan mariap dingin kuning
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Karajaan:	Animalia;
Filum:	Arthropoda;
Kelas:	Insecta;
Ordo:	Diptera;
Upaordo:	Nematocera;
Famili:	Culicidae;
[[{{{diversity link}}}\|Diversitas]]
	43 genera
Subfamilies
	Anophelinae; Culicinae

Saikung nyamuk adalah saikung tipe daripada biranga. Nitu adalah ngaran nang karancakan daripada kulawarga lalat pada order Diptera.

Nang binian ectoparasite: buhannya mandarat di hiwan darah panas, manambus kapilari, wan mahisap saliva gasan maampihi darah balikat. Imbahnya buhannya mahisap wan mamakan darah. Parasit mikroskopik nang mamatiakan rancak hidup di saliva.^[1]^[2]

Nang lakian pamakan nektar, biniannya iya jua. Tapi, wayah basisiap gasan mamacah hintalu, nang binian maubah darahnya jadi protein.

Makan & baanak

Rajin kaduanya, baik nyamuk lakian atawa binian makan nektar lawan jus tumbuhan. Banyak spesies pada hagian muntung binian bisa manambus kulimbit hiwan wan mahisap darah buhannya sawagai ektoparasit. Di banyak spesies, nang binian parlu dapat proten matan makan darah sawalum inya mahasilakan hintalu. Di spesies banyak lain, inya kawa baulah hintalu labih imbah makan darah.

Buhannya maandak hintalu di limbakan banyu. Larvae bagarak parak buncu muka banyu, bahinak jalan tabung banyu nang takaluar pada banyu. Buhannya dapat makanan matan banyu, rajin mamakan algae wan makhluk kacui nang lain. Larvae rajin masuk ka tahap pupa imbah babarapa hari pacah, tagantung suhu banyu wan spesiesnya.^[3]

Banyak spesies matan nyamuk. Ngini gara-gara nang mahisap darah baadaptasi lawan ampunnya nang balain-lain. Ada dua subfamili, 43 genera wan labih pada 3,500 spesies Culicidae.^[4]

Vector gasan panyakit

Nyamuk adalah vector (pambawa) nang mana mambawa virus lawan parasit nang mambawa panyakit matan urang ka urang.

Kabanyakan nyamuk nang dipinandui urang itu mambawa panyakit mariap dingin kuning, mariap dingin badarah. wan malaria nang dibawa genera Anopheles wan Culex. Nyamuk maantar panyakit labih pada 700 juta urang tiap tahunnya di Afrika. Amerika Utara, Amerika Tangah, Meksiko, wan kabanyakan Asia lawan jutaan nang mati.^[5]^[6]

Evolusi

Nyamuk panuhanya nang dipinandui lawan anatomi modern didapat pada amber Kanadia matan Upper Cretaceous nang baumur 79 juta tahun.^[7] Dangsanak spesies nang tatuha lawan fitur nang labih primitip didapat di amber nang baumur 90 sampai 100 juta tahun.^[8]

Analisis genetika mamadahakan pada klade Culicinae wan Anophelinae bisa haja sudah tasabar kikira 150 juta tahun nang tadahulu.^[9] Spesies Anopheles The Old and New World dicayai sudah tasabar kikira 95 juta tahun tadahulu.^[9]

Referensi

Wikispecies baisi maklumat pasal

Diptera

^ Harrison, Gordon A. (1978). Mosquitoes, Malaria, and Man: A History of the Hostilities Since 1880. Universitas Minnesota: Dutton. ISBN 9780525160250.
^ Day, Nancy (2001). Malaria, West Nile, and Other Mosquito-borne Diseases. Enslow Publisher. ISBN 9780766015975.
^ Silver, John B. (2007). Mosquito Ecology: Field Sampling Methods. Springer Netherlands. ISBN 9781402066665.
^ Harbach R.E. 2011. Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory
^ "Mosquito-Borne Diseases" – The American Mosquito Control Association. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
^ Molavi, Afshin (2003-06-12). "Africa's malaria death toll still "outrageously high"". National Geographic. Diakses tanggal 2007-07-27.
^ Poinar G.O. et al. 2000. Paleoculicis minutus (Diptera: Culicidae) n. gen., n. sp., from Cretaceous Canadian amber with a summary of described fossil mosquitoes. Acta Geologica Hispanica 35: 119–128. PDF 177 kb Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine
^ Borkent A. & Grimaldi D.A. 2004. The earliest fossil mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae), in Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Ann Ent Soc Am 97: 882–888. [1] Archived 2011-11-26 at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b Calvo E, Pham VM, Marinotti O, Andersen JF, Ribeiro JM (2009). "The salivary gland transcriptome of the neotropical malaria vector Anopheles darlingi is thought to reveal accelerated evolution of genes relevant to hematophagy" (PDF). BMC Genomics. 10 (1): 57. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-57. Diakses tanggal 2009-06-21.

[1] Harrison, Gordon A. (1978). Mosquitoes, Malaria, and Man: A History of the Hostilities Since 1880. Universitas Minnesota: Dutton. ISBN 9780525160250.

[2] Day, Nancy (2001). Malaria, West Nile, and Other Mosquito-borne Diseases. Enslow Publisher. ISBN 9780766015975.

[3] Silver, John B. (2007). Mosquito Ecology: Field Sampling Methods. Springer Netherlands. ISBN 9781402066665.

[4] Harbach R.E. 2011. Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory

[5] "Mosquito-Borne Diseases" – The American Mosquito Control Association. Retrieved 2008-10-14.

[6] Molavi, Afshin (2003-06-12). "Africa's malaria death toll still "outrageously high"". National Geographic. Diakses tanggal 2007-07-27.

[7] Poinar G.O. et al. 2000. Paleoculicis minutus (Diptera: Culicidae) n. gen., n. sp., from Cretaceous Canadian amber with a summary of described fossil mosquitoes. Acta Geologica Hispanica 35: 119–128. PDF 177 kb Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine

[8] Borkent A. & Grimaldi D.A. 2004. The earliest fossil mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae), in Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Ann Ent Soc Am 97: 882–888. [1] Archived 2011-11-26 at the Wayback Machine

[Calvo2009-9] Calvo E, Pham VM, Marinotti O, Andersen JF, Ribeiro JM (2009). "The salivary gland transcriptome of the neotropical malaria vector Anopheles darlingi is thought to reveal accelerated evolution of genes relevant to hematophagy" (PDF). BMC Genomics. 10 (1): 57. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-57. Diakses tanggal 2009-06-21.

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