Wantuan:IPA/Malay

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Tabel dibawah menunjukkan nilai dan pengucapan suara dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Melayu untuk artikel Wikipedia dengan transkripsi Alfabet Fonetik Internasional. Untuk penjelasan lebih rinci, lihat Fonologi bahasa Melayu

Konsonan
IPA	Contoh	pengucapan dekat bahasa Inggris
b	bola ^[1]	beau
d	dari ^[1]	do
dʒ	jari	job
f	fikir, visa ^[2]	festival
ɡ	galah ^[3]	gain
h	habis, tokoh	hat
j	yakin, kaya	yes
k	kalah ^[1]^[3]	sky
l	lama	clean
m	makan	moon
n	nakal	note
ŋ	ngarai	feeling
ɲ	nyaman	canyon
p	pola ^[1]	spy
r	raja, dari, pasar	trilled 'r' ^[4]
s	saya	six
ʃ	syak ^[2]	shoe
t	tari ^[1]	sty
tʃ	cari	check
v	visa ^[2]	vision
w	waktu, Jawa	we
x	khas ^[2]
z	zaman ^[2]	zero
ʔ	bapak ^[1] ^[3]

Vokal ^[5]
IPA	Contoh	pengucapan dekat bahasa Inggris
a	ajar, buka^[6]	father
e	serong, kare ^[7]	clay^[8]
ɛ	teh, bebek ^[9]	festival
i	bila, ini	see
ɪ	kirim ^[9]	bin
o	roda, toko ^[7]	sole
ɔ	pohon ^[9]	sort
u	upah, baru	moon
ʊ	rumput ^[9]	foot
ə	gelak ^[6]	about
Diftong
au	kalau ^[7]	how
ai	capai ^[7]	bye
oi, ui	sepoi	boy (uncommon)

Other symbols
IPA	Explanation
ˈ	Primary stress Placed before the stressed syllable ^[10]

Mal:Wikipedia IPA

Cutetan

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 ^1,5 /p/, /t/, /k/ are unaspirated, as in the Romance languages, or as in English spy, sty, sky. In final position, they are unreleased [p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚], with final k being a glottal stop. /b, d/ are also unreleased, and therefore devoiced, [p̚, t̚]. There is no liaison: they remain unreleased even when followed by a vowel, as in kulit ubi "potato skins", though they are pronounced as a normal medial consonant when followed by a suffix.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 The fricatives [f, z, ʃ, x] are found in loanwords only. Some speakers pronounce orthographic ‹v› in loanwords as Mal:IPAblink; otherwise it is Mal:IPAblink.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 The glottal stop Mal:IPAblink is an allophone of /k/ and /ɡ/ in the coda: baik, bapak. It is also used between identical vowels in hiatus. Only a few words have this sound in the middle, e.g. bakso (meatballs). It may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as Al Qur'an.
↑ In traditional Malay areas, the rhotic consonant /r/ is realized as a velar or uvular fricative, Mal:IPAblink or Mal:IPAblink, and elided word-finally. Elsewhere, including in Standard Indonesian, it is an alveolar tap Mal:IPAblink or trill Mal:IPAblink. Its position relative to schwa is ambiguous: kertas "paper" may be pronounced [krəˈtas] or [kərəˈtas].
↑ The nasal consonant /m, n, ŋ, ɲ/ nasalize following vowels, and may nasalize a subsequent vowel if the intervening consonant is /h, j, w, ʔ/.
↑ ^6,0 ^6,1 In Malaysian, word-final /a/ is often reduced to Mal:IPAblink.
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 ^7,2 ^7,3 [e, o] are allophones of /i, u/ in native words, but have become established as distinct phonemes in English and Javanese loan words. The diphthongs /ai, au/, which only occur in open syllables, are often merged into [e, o], respectively, especially in Java.
↑ The Malay/Indonesian /e/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of clay (for most English dialects) and the vowel of get. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
↑ ^9,0 ^9,1 ^9,2 ^9,3 /e, i, o, u/ have lax allophones [ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, ʊ] in closed syllables, except that tense [i, u] occur in stressed syllables with a coda nasal, and laax [ɛ, ɔ] also occur in open syllables if the following syllable contains the same lax vowel.
↑ Stress generally falls on the penultimate syllable. If that syllable contains a schwa Mal:IPAblink, stress shifts to the antepenult if there is one, and to the final syllable if there is not. Some suffixes are ignored for stress placement.

Mal:Bantuan-stub Mal:Navbox Gabungan Pedoman WBI

[stop-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 ^1,5 /p/, /t/, /k/ are unaspirated, as in the Romance languages, or as in English spy, sty, sky. In final position, they are unreleased [p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚], with final k being a glottal stop. /b, d/ are also unreleased, and therefore devoiced, [p̚, t̚]. There is no liaison: they remain unreleased even when followed by a vowel, as in kulit ubi "potato skins", though they are pronounced as a normal medial consonant when followed by a suffix.

[loan-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 The fricatives [f, z, ʃ, x] are found in loanwords only. Some speakers pronounce orthographic ‹v› in loanwords as Mal:IPAblink; otherwise it is Mal:IPAblink.

[glottal-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 The glottal stop Mal:IPAblink is an allophone of /k/ and /ɡ/ in the coda: baik, bapak. It is also used between identical vowels in hiatus. Only a few words have this sound in the middle, e.g. bakso (meatballs). It may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as Al Qur'an.

[4] In traditional Malay areas, the rhotic consonant /r/ is realized as a velar or uvular fricative, Mal:IPAblink or Mal:IPAblink, and elided word-finally. Elsewhere, including in Standard Indonesian, it is an alveolar tap Mal:IPAblink or trill Mal:IPAblink. Its position relative to schwa is ambiguous: kertas "paper" may be pronounced [krəˈtas] or [kərəˈtas].

[5] The nasal consonant /m, n, ŋ, ɲ/ nasalize following vowels, and may nasalize a subsequent vowel if the intervening consonant is /h, j, w, ʔ/.

[final_a-6] 6,0 ^6,1 In Malaysian, word-final /a/ is often reduced to Mal:IPAblink.

[diphthong-7] 7,0 ^7,1 ^7,2 ^7,3 [e, o] are allophones of /i, u/ in native words, but have become established as distinct phonemes in English and Javanese loan words. The diphthongs /ai, au/, which only occur in open syllables, are often merged into [e, o], respectively, especially in Java.

[8] The Malay/Indonesian /e/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of clay (for most English dialects) and the vowel of get. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.

[lax-9] 9,0 ^9,1 ^9,2 ^9,3 /e, i, o, u/ have lax allophones [ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, ʊ] in closed syllables, except that tense [i, u] occur in stressed syllables with a coda nasal, and laax [ɛ, ɔ] also occur in open syllables if the following syllable contains the same lax vowel.

[10] Stress generally falls on the penultimate syllable. If that syllable contains a schwa Mal:IPAblink, stress shifts to the antepenult if there is one, and to the final syllable if there is not. Some suffixes are ignored for stress placement.

[1]