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Gyraulus

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Gyraulus
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous - Recent, 125–0 Ma
Two shells of Gyraulus crista
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Superorder: Hygrophila
Family: Planorbidae
Subfamily: Planorbinae
Tribe: Planorbini
Genus: Gyraulus
Charpentier, 1837[1]
Type species
Planorbis albus O. F. Müller, 1774
Synonyms
  • Anisus (Gyraulus) Agassiz in Charpentier, 1837 (Gyraulus has genus rank)
  • Armiger Hartmann, 1843 (Armiger is ranked as subgenus of Gyraulus)
  • Caillaudia Bourguignat, 1883
  • Glyptanisus Iredale, 1943
  • Gyraulus (Armiger) Hartmann, 1843
  • Gyraulus (Caillaudia) Bourguignat, 1883
  • Gyraulus (Carinogyraulus) Polinski, 1929
  • Gyraulus (Choanomphalodes) Lindholm, 1927
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) Charpentier, 1837
  • Gyraulus (Lamorbis) Starobogatov, 1967
  • Gyraulus (Torquis) Dall, 1905
  • Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967
  • Planorbis (Armiger) Hartmann, 1843 (Armiger is ranked as subgenus of Gyraulus)
  • Planorbis (Gyraulus) Agassiz in Charpentier, 1837 (Gyraulus is treated as separate genus)

Gyraulus is a genus of small, mostly air-breathing, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.[2]

The genus Gyraulus is known from the Early Cretaceous to the present. Fossils attributed to Gyraulus sp. have been found in the lakebottom sediments of the Yixian Formation in China, dating to 125 million years ago.[3]

The minute species Gyraulus crista, although technically a pulmonate gastropod, does not use air for respiration, but instead has a mantle cavity which has much water.

Distribution

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The distribution of this genus is Holarctic.

Habitat

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These snail snails live on water plants in freshwater.

Shell description

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Shell of the species within this genus are small, and are mostly almost planispiral in their coiling.

Species

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Species within the genus Gyraulus include:

subgenus Armiger W. Hartmann, 1843[4]

subgenus Carinogyraulus Polinski, 1929:[6] represented as Gyraulus

subgenus Gyraulus Charpentier, 1837

subgenus Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967:[8] represented as Gyraulis

subgenus Nautilinus Mousson, 1872[9]

subgenus Torquis Dall, 1905[11]

subgenus ?

Species inquirenda
  • Gyraulus acutus Clessin, 1907
  • Gyraulus percarinatus Paraense, 2000 name unavailable under ICZN Art. 16.4)
Species brought into synonymy
  • Gyraulus deformis Hartmann, 1844: synonym of Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807)
  • Gyraulus trochiformis applanatus (Thomä, 1845): synonym of † Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis applanatus var. ludovici (Noulet, 1854): synonym of † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. aequeumbilicatus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subinvolutus Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subkleini Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis steinheimensis var. parvus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. teres (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. elegans (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. turbiniformis (von Zieten, 1832): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)

References

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  1. ^ Charpentier J. de (1837). "Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Suisse. Formant la seconde partie de la faune Helvétique". Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften - Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles 1(2): 1-28, Tab. I-II [= 1-2]. Neuchatel. page 21.
  2. ^ Ivanov M., Hrdličková, S. & Gregorová, R. (2001) Encyklopedie zkamenělin. – Rebo Productions, Dobřejovice, 1. vydání, 312 pp., page 126. (in Czech)
  3. ^ Pan, H. and Zhu, X. (2007). "Early Cretaceous non-marine gastropods from the Xiazhuang Formation in North China." Cretaceous Research, 28(2): 215-224. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.12.001
  4. ^ Hartmann W. (1840). Erd- u. Süssw. Gast. (1), "Syst. Ueber."; 1842, (5, 6), 172.
  5. ^ "Armiger". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  6. ^ Polinski (1929). Glasnik srps. Kralj. Akad. Belgrade 65, 134, 161, 163.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Gyraulus". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  8. ^ Starobogatov (1967). Trudy zool. Inst. Leningr. 42: 296.
  9. ^ Mousson A. (1873) [September 1872]. N. Denkschr. schweiz. Ges. 25: 15.
  10. ^ "Nautilinus". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  11. ^ Dall (1905). Harriman Alaska Exp. 13: 83, 86.
  12. ^ a b "Torquis". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  13. ^ (in German) Glöer P. & Bössneck U. (2007). "Zur Identität von Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852) mit der Beschreibung von G. bekaensis n. sp. (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)". Mollusca 25(2): 139-146. PDF
  14. ^ ncbi: Gyraulus convexiusculus
  15. ^ Albrecht, C.; Clewing, C.; Appleton, C.; Ghamizi, M.; Jørgensen, A.; Kristensen, T.K.; Lange, C.; Stensgaard, A.-S. (2018). "Gyraulus costulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T165767A120115499. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T165767A120115499.en. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  16. ^ a b c d e "Carinogyraulus". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  17. ^ Vinarski M.V., Glöer P. & Palatov D.M. (2013) Gyraulus elenae sp. n. — a new planorbid snail from eastern Turkey (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Zootaxa 3664(1): 095–098
  18. ^ Van Damme, D.; Gerlach, J. (2016). "Gyraulus mauritianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T9594A91286261. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T9594A91286261.en. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  19. ^ a b "Lamorbis". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
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