tonkia
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Sound-symbolic. Compare tönkiä, tunkea, sonkia.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tonkia (transitive, intransitive)
- to grub (to dig in search of something, as e.g. a pig does to find food)
- to scavenge (to search through unwanted material for useful material)
- to dig (to research a particular subject, especially a suspicious case)
Conjugation
[edit]| Inflection of tonkia (Kotus type 61*G/sallia, nk-ng gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | tongin | en tongi | 1st sing. | olen tonkinut | en ole tonkinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | tongit | et tongi | 2nd sing. | olet tonkinut | et ole tonkinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | tonkii | ei tongi | 3rd sing. | on tonkinut | ei ole tonkinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | tongimme | emme tongi | 1st plur. | olemme tonkineet | emme ole tonkineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | tongitte | ette tongi | 2nd plur. | olette tonkineet | ette ole tonkineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | tonkivat | eivät tongi | 3rd plur. | ovat tonkineet | eivät ole tonkineet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | tongitaan | ei tongita | passive | on tongittu | ei ole tongittu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | tongin | en tonkinut | 1st sing. | olin tonkinut | en ollut tonkinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | tongit | et tonkinut | 2nd sing. | olit tonkinut | et ollut tonkinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | tonki | ei tonkinut | 3rd sing. | oli tonkinut | ei ollut tonkinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | tongimme | emme tonkineet | 1st plur. | olimme tonkineet | emme olleet tonkineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | tongitte | ette tonkineet | 2nd plur. | olitte tonkineet | ette olleet tonkineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | tonkivat | eivät tonkineet | 3rd plur. | olivat tonkineet | eivät olleet tonkineet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | tongittiin | ei tongittu | passive | oli tongittu | ei ollut tongittu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | tonkisin | en tonkisi | 1st sing. | olisin tonkinut | en olisi tonkinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | tonkisit | et tonkisi | 2nd sing. | olisit tonkinut | et olisi tonkinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | tonkisi | ei tonkisi | 3rd sing. | olisi tonkinut | ei olisi tonkinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | tonkisimme | emme tonkisi | 1st plur. | olisimme tonkineet | emme olisi tonkineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | tonkisitte | ette tonkisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte tonkineet | ette olisi tonkineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | tonkisivat | eivät tonkisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat tonkineet | eivät olisi tonkineet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | tongittaisiin | ei tongittaisi | passive | olisi tongittu | ei olisi tongittu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | tongi | älä tongi | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | tonkikoon | älköön tonkiko | 3rd sing. | olkoon tonkinut | älköön olko tonkinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | tonkikaamme | älkäämme tonkiko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | tonkikaa | älkää tonkiko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | tonkikoot | älkööt tonkiko | 3rd plur. | olkoot tonkineet | älkööt olko tonkineet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | tongittakoon | älköön tongittako | passive | olkoon tongittu | älköön olko tongittu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | tonkinen | en tonkine | 1st sing. | lienen tonkinut | en liene tonkinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | tonkinet | et tonkine | 2nd sing. | lienet tonkinut | et liene tonkinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | tonkinee | ei tonkine | 3rd sing. | lienee tonkinut | ei liene tonkinut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | tonkinemme | emme tonkine | 1st plur. | lienemme tonkineet | emme liene tonkineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | tonkinette | ette tonkine | 2nd plur. | lienette tonkineet | ette liene tonkineet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | tonkinevat | eivät tonkine | 3rd plur. | lienevät tonkineet | eivät liene tonkineet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | tongittaneen | ei tongittane | passive | lienee tongittu | ei liene tongittu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | tonkia | present | tonkiva | tongittava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | tonkinut | tongittu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | tonkiessa | tongittaessa | agent4 | tonkima | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | tonkimaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | tonkien | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | tonkimassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | tonkimasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | tonkimaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | tonkimalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | tonkimatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | tonkiman | tongittaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th3 | verbal noun | tonkiminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- “tonkia”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03