From the original meaning of capital (“relating to the head”); originally referring to executions by beheading or decapitating.
capital punishment (countable and uncountable, plural capital punishments)
- The practice of putting a person to death as a punishment for a crime.
- Synonym: death penalty
- Albanian: dënim me vdekje m
- Arabic: إِعْدَام m (ʔiʕdām), عُقُوبَة الْإِعْدَام f (ʕuqūbat al-ʔiʕdām), عُقُوبَة الْمَوْت f (ʕuqūbat al-mawt)
- Armenian: մահապատիժ (hy) (mahapatiž)
- Azerbaijani: edam, ölüm cəzası
- Belarusian: смяро́тнае пакара́нне n (smjarótnaje pakaránnje), смяро́тная ка́ра f (smjarótnaja kára), найвышэ́йшая ме́ра пакара́ння f (najvyšéjšaja mjéra pakaránnja), найвышэ́йшая ме́ра ка́ры f (najvyšéjšaja mjéra káry)
- Bengali: মৃত্যুদণ্ড (bn) (mrittudonḍo)
- Bulgarian: смъ́ртно наказа́ние n (smǎ́rtno nakazánie)
- Burmese: သေဒဏ် (my) (sedan)
- Catalan: pena capital f
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 死刑 (zh) (sǐxíng), 極刑／极刑 (zh) (jíxíng), 死罪 (zh) (sǐzuì)
- Czech: trest smrti (cs) m
- Danish: dødsstraf (da) c
- Dutch: doodstraf (nl) f
- Estonian: surmanuhtlus
- Faroese: deyðarevsing f
- Finnish: kuolemanrangaistus (fi)
- French: peine capitale (fr) f, peine de mort (fr) f
- Georgian: სასჯელის უმაღლესი ზომა (sasǯelis umaɣlesi zoma), სიკვდილით დასჯა (siḳvdilit dasǯa)
- German: Todesstrafe (de) f
- Greek: θανατική ποινή (el) f (thanatikí poiní), έσχατη ποινή f (éschati poiní)
- Hindi: मृत्युदण्ड m (mŕtyudaṇḍ), महादण्ड (hi) m (mahādaṇḍ), सज़ा-ए-मौत f (sazā-e-maut)
- Hungarian: halálbüntetés (hu)
- Icelandic: dauðarefsing (is) f
- Indonesian: hukuman mati (id)
- Irish: pionós báis m
- Italian: pena capitale
- Japanese: 死刑 (ja) (しけい, shikei), 極刑 (ja) (きょっけい, kyokkei), 死罪 (ja) (しざい, shizai)
- Kazakh: өлім жазасы (ölım jazasy)
- Khmer: ទោសប្រហារជីវិត (tooh prɑhaa ciivɨt)
- Korean: 사형(死刑) (ko) (sahyeong)
- Kyrgyz: өлүм жазасы (ölüm jazası)
- Lao: ປານະທັນ (pā na than)
- Latin: punitio capitalis f
- Latvian: nāvessods m
- Lithuanian: mirties bausmė f
- Macedonian: смртна казна f (smrtna kazna)
- Malay: hukuman mati (ms)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: dødsstraff m
- Nynorsk: dødsstraff f
- Persian:
- Iranian Persian: اِعْدام (fa) (e'dâm), مُجازاتِ اِعْدام (mojâzât-e e'dâm)
- Polish: kara śmierci (pl) f, najwyższy wymiar kary m
- Portuguese: pena de morte (pt) f, pena capital f
- Romanian: pedeapsă capitală f, pedeapsă cu moartea f
- Russian: сме́ртная казнь (ru) f (smértnaja kaznʹ), вы́сшая ме́ра наказа́ния (ru) f (výsšaja méra nakazánija), вы́сшая ме́ра (ru) f (výsšaja méra), вы́шка (ru) f (výška) (criminal slang), выша́к (ru) m (vyšák) (criminal slang)
- Sanskrit: महादण्ड (sa) m (mahādaṇḍa) (literally 'the greatest punishment'), मृत्युदण्ड (sa) m (mṛtyudaṇḍa)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: смртна казна f
- Roman: smrtna kazna f
- Slovak: trest smrti m
- Slovene: smrtna kazen (sl) f
- Spanish: castigo capital m, pena capital (es) f, pena mortal f, último suplicio m
- Swedish: dödsstraff (sv) n
- Tagalog: parusang kamatayan
- Tajik: ҷазои қатл (jazo-yi qatl)
- Tamil: மரணதண்டனை (ta) (maraṇataṇṭaṉai)
- Tatar: үлем җәзасы (ülem cäzası)
- Thai: โทษประหารชีวิต (tôot-bprà-hǎan-chii-wít), ประหารชีวิต (th) (bprà-hǎan-chii-wít)
- Turkish: idam cezası (tr), ölüm cezası (tr), idam (tr)
- Turkmen: ölüm jezasy (tk)
- Ukrainian: сме́ртна ка́ра f (smértna kára), ви́ща мі́ра покара́ння f (výšča míra pokaránnja)
- Urdu: سَزائے مَوت f (sazāe maut)
- Uyghur: ئۆلۈم جازاسى (ölüm jazasi)
- Uzbek: o‘lim jazosi
- Vietnamese: tử hình (vi)
- Volapük: deadapönod
- Welsh: dienyddio (cy) m
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