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This is my attempt at scribbling down some sort of grammar-glossary for the Stavanger dialect.

Stavanger dialect differs from both standard Norwegian Bokmål and standard Norwegian Nynorsk in various ways. No official body mandates an official standard for how to properly write the Stavanger dialect. However, written works are intermittently published in Stavanger dialects. Moreover, the dialect is also used in other media, such as music and theatre. This means that, although incomparable to the volume of works in actually standardised forms of Norwegian, there is a breadth of attestations of the Stavanger dialect.

If I were to guess, the Stavanger dialect is probably stronger attested than a lot of other lects and actual languages. If, then, a reader were to stumble upon one of these texts, under what tag should the entry on gjønå (see Glossary below) be entered? Should it be entered as a dialectal entry in Norwegian, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, or both Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk? I feel there should be some way to accommodate this.

See also w:Stavangersk#Phonology

There are various controversies in Norwegian spelling which has been discussed throughout history. The lack of standardisation of the lect means that there isn't really a correct answer on how to spell certain things.

• Soft consonants. As in other parts of Southwestern Norway, Stavanger dialect has "soft consonants", wherein the hard stops p, t, and k are pronounced voiced and (usually) unaspirated as b, d and g, at the end of words or between vowels. As I understand it, there is today some inconsistency, if not qualification, in how this softening is applied. Some of this inconsistency can be attributed to a kind of code-switching between different standards of Norwegian, which affects some words, but not others. Another question is whether or not this variation should be reflected in orthography. This latter question could be discussed further, but here I will make the choice of writing these soft consonants.
• Silent consonants. As with most accents of Norwegian, a lot of consonants are considered silent. This includes silent ts in the end of definite singular suffixes and the standardised multi lemma det. It includes the ld, nd, and rd consonant clusters. I have chosen to mostly ignore silent consonants.
• H-dropping, in Norwegian sometimes called halvemål is the deletion of the voiceless glottal fricative (or H-sound), especially in the beginning of words. This is not particularly prominent, though it does show up with regularity in the 3rd person masculine and feminine personal pronouns. Especially when used enclitically. See below at #Personal_pronouns for more.
• Apocopal apostrophe. Some texts, possibly wishing to mark deviation from standardised forms of Norwegian, clip the words, leaving an apostrophy. For instance e' and va' is in some texts used instead of standard Norwegian er and var, while many other places plain e and va is used, without any apostrophe. The apostrophe might show up in many other forms as well.

There are some features that are particular to the Stavanger dialect. However, many of these are currently, or have been formerly, variations of Nynorsk. However, the categories in which these variations exist, is mostly the same as Norwegian in general. Some elaboration, however, is necessary, especially with adjectives, where the lect operates with categories which are obsolete in much of Norwegian.

Stavanger adjectives differ from standard Norwegian Bokmål and Nynorsk on especially two points:

1. In the masculine and feminine singular indefinite forms of most adjectives have an ending, -e. "An e greie" in stead of "Han er grei". Note that for etymological reasons, this -e does not affect tone in the same way as plural -e. This means that goe ("good") could be either singular or plural, depending on pronunciation and immediate context. "Goe ting" could either be singular "a good thing" or plural "good things".
2. Stavangersk distinguishes between grammatical gender in the definite forms of adjectives. Contemporary standard Bokmål and Nynorsk do not. Certain other Norwegian dialects also does this, and the vernacular codified by Ivar Aasen in the mid 1800s also had this feature, although he also distinguished distinguished grammatical gender in the plural forms. Stavangersk does not.

With these two features, we can make a table:

m. indef.	f. indef.	n. indef.	m. def.	f. def.	n. def.	pl.
goe	goe	gott	goe	goa	goa	goe
liden	lidå	lide	litle	litla	litla	små(e)

A lot of adverbs are based on the neuter forms of adjectives. Some are derived from the weak form of the adjectives, which came to be the definite forms. As the neuter definite forms in Stavangersk diverge from the Norwegian standards, so do these adverbs.

• aleina adv. aleine
• gjedna adv.; or gjerna adv. (from Old Norse gjarna) gjerne
• hjemma adv. heime
• liga adv. (from Old Norse líka) like
• -ligt adv. -leg
• ofta adv. ofte

These adverbs can be written into one single phrase: "gjedna liga ofta hjemma aleina".

Stavanger nouns do not differ greatly from Norwegian generally. But there are some differences. One thing that we have yet to discuss is the plural forms of these nouns, for it seems to be difficult.

indefinite singular	definite singular	indefinite plural	definite plural
ei dama ei gada	damå gadå	damer gader	damene gadene	(f2) weak feminine nouns
et aua et hjerta et hjørna et øyra	aua hjerta hjørna øyra	auer hjerter hjørner øyrer	auene hjertene hjørnene øyrene	(n2) weak neuter nouns only a few words
et eple	eple	epler	eplene	(n2)
– et kne et tre	– knee tree	kler kner trer	kle(r)nå kne(r)nå tre(r)nå	(n.)

As with much else, Stavangersk bears more resemblance to Nynorsk than to Bokmål. The inventory of personal pronouns is the following.

• 1st person singular: eg [object form meg], same as Norwegian Nynorsk eg.
• 2nd person singular: du [object form deg], same as Bokmål and Nynorsk.
• 3rd person singular (masculine): han pron. [object form han]; or (h-dropping) an pron. [object form an]
• 3rd person singular (feminine): hu pron. [object form (1) hu; object form (2) na]; or (h-dropping) u pron. [object form (1) u; object form (2) na]
• 3rd person singular (neuter): de [object form de] det
• 1st person plural: me [object form oss or osser/ossår], same as Norwegian Nynorsk me.
• 2nd person plural: dokker [object form dokker]. Norwegian Nynorsk has the form dokker, though it is not as much used as the more common de. The shorter form dokk may also appear.
• 3rd person plural: di [object form di]. Some may also use dei, as found in Nynorsk.
• 3rd person reflexive (singular and plural): seg, same as Bokmål and Nynorsk.

The basic inflection categories of Stavanger verbs do not differ from standardised Norwegian, having an infinitive, a present tense form, a preterite or past tense form, and a supine derived from the indefinite neuter singular form of the past participle. Some features are ubiquitous in the inflection of Stavanger verbs.

Stavanger dialect, as many other western dialects uses a-infinitive as opposed to e- or split infinitives or apocopy. This of course does not apply in verbs such as nå, ro or så. Some highly frequent verbs, most ending in -r, may drop the a-infinitive, such as gjør(a), sei(a), spør(r)(a), and ver(a).

Where Nynorsk uses the endings -ar and -er to mark the present tense of a-verbs and e-verbs, Stavanger dialect nearly without exception uses -e. This ending in also used on strong verbs. So kaste, spiste, and ligge are present tense forms of kasta, spisa, and ligga respectively.

Stavangersk keeps a divide between a-verbs and e-verbs in the past tense. However, whereas the divide between a-verbs and e-verbs in Nynorsk is based very much on etymology (was it a long type 1 or a type 2 weak verb in Old Norse?), Stavangersk is more comfortable with letting the phonotactics of the verb itself determine its class. It does this by firstly having a violent preference for e-verb inflection, having forms such as dånte where Nynorsk has dåna. Norwegian Bokmål, has some allowance for this; both dånte and dåna/dånet are allowed. However, Stavanger goes further, for instance with hopte as past tense of hoppa. Where the verb stem ends in certain consonant clusters, especially some ending in dentals, will always be a-verbs.

With e-verbs, what should be the primary dental stop of the dental suffix, has been in contention for a while, not least through the various Norwegian Nynorsk spelling reforms. I do not regard this as particularly important, especially not when the goal is to point out the broad lines of what makes the Stavanger dialect special.

Some e-verbs have the vowel of their stem shortened when rendered in the past tense. In "soft consonant" verbs (Confer with the note on "soft consonants" above, under #Orthography), this occurs together with a hardening of the final consonant of their stem.

Strong verbs follow Germanic ablaut and umlaut.

Class 1

infinitive (present tense)	past tense	supine
å hiva (hive)	heiv	heve

Class 2

infinitive (present tense)	past tense	supine
å lyga (lyge)	løyg	løge

Class 3

infinitive (present tense)	past tense	supine
å detta (dette)	datt	dutte
å drikka (drikke)	drakk	drukke

Other ones

infinitive	present tense	past tense	supine
å eda	ede	åd	åde
å fara	fare	fór	fóre
å komma	komme	kom	komt
å ligga	ligge	låg	låge
å se	ser	såg	sitt
å sidda	sidde	såd	såde
å sova	sove	sov	sovt, sove
å ta	tar	tóg	tatt, tóge

Some lemmas diverging from Norwegian written norms, may be presented outside the more in-depth discussion of morphology. For the purposes of this glossary, I use the corresponding Norwegian Nynorsk entry, or a more common synonym. If non-existent, Norwegian Bokmål definition may be used.

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• There are some terms for the romani people, most derogatory that should be sorted for the case of clarity.: fant, fark, farre, fente, fusse, landstrykar, omstreifar, radd, reisande, romani, sigøynar, splint, tater, vagabond.

ᚠᚢᚦᚬᚱᚴᚼᚾᛁᛅᛋᛏᛒᛘᛚᛦ

• aga, aka, ala, ana, apa, asa, baka, bala, bana, basa, beda, belja, bera, betala, beva, bevara, blada, blika, boda, bora, bosa, braga, braka, brasa, byrja, daga, dala, dana, delja, detta, draga, drepa, drynja, drysja, duna, dvelja, dynja, dølja, eta, eva, fara, fata, ferja, flaga, flara, flas(s)a, flata, flòta, flysja, flytta, fola, freda, frega, fremja, froda, gaga, gala, gana, gapa, gilja, gjera, gjeta (II), gjeva, glada, glana, gleda, gluma, gnaga, gnika, gova, grava, gremja, gropa, gruna, grysja, gula, gysja, haga, haka, hama, hata, hava, hela, hemja, herja, hesja, heta, hevja, hjala, hòla, hom(m)a, hòpa, hylja, hysja, hølja, jaga, kaka, kara, kava, kjasa, kjea, klaga, klaka, kleda, kløvja, knaka, knasa, knisa, knoda, kola, kom(m)a, kraka, krasa, krava, kreka, krevja, krita, krota, kunna, kveda, kvetja, kvika, kvima, lada, laga, lapa, lata, lava, le(d)a, leka, lem(m)a, lemja, lepja, lesa, léta, leta, lova, lùta, maka, mala, mana, masa, mata, meda, moka, mola, mon(n)a, møkja, nasa, nava, neva, olboga, para, pela, pesa, posa, prata, raga, raka, rana, rapa, rasa, reka, remja, reeva, roda, rydja, rysja, saga, saka, sama, seda, seeia, sela, selja, semja, setja/setta, sitja/sitta, sjaga, skada, skaka, skala, skapa, skara, skava, skilja, skipa, skjena, skjera, skjøn(n)a, skoda, skòla, skòra, skota, skrapa, skrata, skreva, skulla, skvala, skylja, slava, sleva, smaka, smala, smørja, snaka, snara, snasa, sova, spada, spara, spekja, spela, spora, spraka, sprala, spørja, spøta, staga, staka, stava, steda, stega, stela, stota, streka, streta, streva, stynja, styrja, svada, svaga, svala, svara, svemja, sverja, svipa, symja, taka, tala, tana, tapa, tasa, teia, tela, telja, temja, tenja, tevja, timja, tola, tora, tosa, treda, trega, trota, tvika, tvoga, tysja, umaka, una, uveta, uvita, vada, vaka, vara, vasa, vega, velja, venja, vera, verja, veta, veva, vevja, vilja, vima, vita, vraka, ylja, yrja, ølja, åtvara

• eg, je; ej, i, I, æ, æg
• meg; me
• min
• du
• deg; de
• seg; se
• sin
• de, di, dokker; did, dokk, i, I
• dokker, dykk; […]

• fâr, fòr, fór, fôr, fôra, fỳl, gróv, hỳl, jâr, jâra, Jâren, jûr, jûra, kortér, kòs, klỳv, klỳvja, klỳvfisk, klỳvsâl, lèm, lìt, sâl, sâla, sédd, séla, sìk, sík, tìn,
• brôren, fór, môri

• Jamvektsord (substantiv)

  aalvoru, aalogu, aku (aking), anvòku/aarvoku, beru, berju, blòku, blòtu, bòku (spekk), bòru, bòsu, busu, bryu, brynju, dagdvelju (tidtrøyting), drevju, drìvu, drysju (skrynju), esju (eldmyrje), etu (fór, mat), evju, ferje, fesju, fjøru/fjuru, flagu, flusu (flus), fròdu, furu, fylju, gìvu, glòpu, gòsu (av gjósa), gòvu, grìsu/glìsu, gròpu, gyrju, gysju, hesju, hòku/huku, hòlu, hòsu, idu, knòdu, kòmu, kòru, krytju, kviku, kvìsu, kvòdu (kvaada), kvòtu/kvetju, lègu, lèk(j)u, lètu, lògu, lòku, maru/muru, midju, mylju, myrju, mysu, netju, pysju, rèku, rèvu (rev-tik), rìdu, rìvu, ròdu (skridu), selju, semju, sètu (av sitja), skìvu, skjèru (sigd), skòku (av skaka), skòru, skòtu (lòku), skridu, skrynju, skytju, slev(j)u, slitu, slògu (slegil, tust), smidju, smògu, smòtu, smyrju, snòru, sògu, spỳtu, stòdu, stògu, stròku, svìpu, svòlu, tilju, tjøru/tjuru, tòku, (fyri-)tòlu, tvògu, tvòru, uhemju, u-tvegju, veru, verju, vìdu (tre-fang), vidju, viku, vitju, vòdu, vòku/vuku, yrju

• boso, busu, fjuru, flusu, furu, gutu, hoko, lugu, muru, sulu, tjuru, tugu, turu, uku, vuku

I am sandboxing.

• ǫln > eirn (alen)
• ǫlr > auldré (older)
• ǫfund > augun (avund)

Historical conjugation of finne infinitive present tense past tense supine Aasen sg. finna finn fann funnet pl. finna funno 1901 finna (finne) finn fann funne (funni) 1917 finn, finner 1938 finna [finne] finn [finner] funni 1959 finna, finne funne, funni 2012 finna, finne finn fann funne Forms in [brackets] were considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen.

Historical conjugation of gløyma infinitive present tense past tense supine Aasen sg. gløyma gløymer gløymde gløymt pl. gløyma gløymde 1917 gløyma (glømme) gløymer (glømmer) gløymde, gløymte (glømde, glømte) gløymt (glømt) 1938 gløyma [gløyme] gløymer gløymde [gløymte] gløymt 1959 gløyma, gløyme [glømma, glømme] gløymer [glømmer] gløymer [gløymte] [glømde, glømte] 2012 gløyma, gløyme gløymer gløymde gløymt Forms in [brackets] were considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen.

Historical conjugation of le infinitive present tense past tense supine Aasen sg. læa, lægja lær log læet, lætt pl. læa, lægja logo 1901 læ, læja lær log lætt 1917 læ [le] lær [ler] lo lætt [ledd] 1938 (current) le ler lo ledd, lett Forms in [brackets] were considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen.

• ɘ
• iː, ɪ, eː, ɛ, æː, æ
• yː, ʏ, øː, œ
• ʉː, ʉ
• uː, ʊ, oː, ɔ, ɑ

Historical inflection of le infinitive present tense past tense supine Aasen sg. læa [lægja] lær log læet [lætt] pl læa [lægja] logo 1901 læ lær log lætt (?) 1917 læ lær lo lætt [lædd] 1938 (current) le ler lo ledd / lett

Historical inflection of slå infinitive present tense past tense supine Aasen sg. slaa slær slo sleget pl. slaa slogo1 1917 slå slær [slår] slo slege [slått] 1938 slå slær, slår slo slått, slegi [slege] 1959 slå slår [slær] slo slått, slege, slegi 2012 (current) slå slår slo slått, slege 1Aasen seems unsure of this form.

Historical inflection of stå infinitive present tense past tense supine Aasen sg. standa (staa) stend stod stadet pl. standa stodo 1901 standa [stande]1 (staa) stend stod stade 1917 standa, stande2, stå stend, står [stender] stod stade 19383 standa, stande4; stå stend [stender]; står stod [sto] stadi [stade]5; stått 19836 stå [standa, stande] står [stend, stender] stod [sto] stått [stade, stadi] 2012 (current) stå står stod stått7 1as split infinitive allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 2as split infinitive. 3From 1938, standa was considered a poetic form. This distinction was removed by 1983. 4as split infinitive (e infinitive was considered a bracket form). 5The status of bracket form was removed by the 1959 spelling reform. 6The "traditional" forms were made bracket forms. 7From 2012, staden is no longer a functional past participle, but is still in use as a separate adjective.

Historical inflection of bera infinitive present tense past tense supine Old Norse sg. bera berr bar borit pl. bera báru Aasen sg. bera ber bar boret pl. bera baaro 1901 bera ber bar bore 1917 bera ber [berer] bar bore 1938 bera [bere] ber [berer] bar bori 1959 bera, bere ber [berer] bar bore, bori 2012 bera, bere ber bar bore