User:Nrco0e/Notes/Irregular moons/Moons of Jupiter

List

Orbital diagram of the orbital inclination and orbital distances for Jupiter's rings and moon system at various scales. Notable moons, moon groups, and rings are individually labeled. Each illustration is ten times more zoomed in than the next. Open the image for full resolution.

The moons of Jupiter are listed below by orbital period. Moons massive enough for their surfaces to have collapsed into a spheroid are highlighted in bold. These are the four Galilean moons, which are comparable in size to the Moon. The other moons are much smaller, with the least massive Galilean moon being more than 7,000 times more massive than the most massive of the other moons. The irregular captured moons are shaded light gray and orange when prograde and yellow, red, and dark gray when retrograde. The orbits and mean distances of the irregular moons are strongly variable over short timescales due to frequent planetary and solar perturbations,^[1] therefore the orbital elements of all irregular moons shown here are averaged over a 400-year numerical integration.^[2] Their proper orbital elements are all based on the epoch of 1 January 2000.^[2] A number of other moons have only been observed for a year or two, but have decent enough orbits to be easily measurable at present.^[1]

Key
Inner moons	♠ Galilean moons	† Ungrouped moons	♣ Himalia group	§ Carpo group	♦ Ananke group	♥ Carme group	‡ Pasiphae group

Label ^{[note 1]}	Name	Pronunciation	Abs. magn.^[3]	Diameter (km)^[4]^{[note 2]}	Mass (×10¹⁶ kg)^[5]^{[note 3]}	Semi-major axis (km)^[2]	Orbital period (d) ^[2]^{[note 4]}	Inclination (°)^[2]	Eccentricity ^[4]	Discovery year^[6]	Year announced	Discoverer^[7]^[6]	Group ^{[note 5]}
XVI	Metis	/ˈmiːtəs/	10.5	43 (60 × 40 × 34)	≈ 3.6	128000	+0.2948 (+7h 04m 29s)	0.060	0.0002	1979	1980	Synnott (Voyager 1)	Inner
XV	Adrastea	/ædrəˈstiːə/	12.0	16.4 (20 × 16 × 14)	≈ 0.20	129000	+0.2983 (+7h 09m 30s)	0.030	0.0015	1979	1979	Jewitt (Voyager 2)	Inner
V	Amalthea	/æməlˈθiːə/^[8]	7.1	167 (250 × 146 × 128)	208	181400	+0.4999 (+11h 59m 53s)	0.374	0.0032	1892	1892	Barnard	Inner
XIV	Thebe	/ˈθiːbiː/	9.0	98.6 (116 × 98 × 84)	≈ 43	221900	+0.6761 (+16h 13m 35s)	1.076	0.0175	1979	1980	Synnott (Voyager 1)	Inner
I	Io♠	/ˈaɪoʊ/	–1.7	3643.2 (3660 × 3637 × 3631)	8931900	421800	+1.7627	0.050^[9]	0.0041	1610	1610	Galileo	Galilean
II	Europa♠	/jʊəˈroʊpə/^[10]	–1.4	3121.6	4799800	671100	+3.5255	0.470^[9]	0.0090	1610	1610	Galileo	Galilean
III	Ganymede♠	/ˈɡænəmiːd/^[11]^[12]	–2.1	5268.2	14819000	1070400	+7.1556	0.200^[9]	0.0013	1610	1610	Galileo	Galilean
IV	Callisto♠	/kəˈlɪstoʊ/	–1.2	4820.6	10759000	1882700	+16.690	0.192^[9]	0.0074	1610	1610	Galileo	Galilean
XVIII	Themisto†	/θəˈmɪstoʊ/	13.3	≈ 9	≈ 0.038	7398500	+130.03	43.8	0.340	1975/2000	1975	Kowal & Roemer/ Sheppard et al.	Themisto
XIII	Leda♣	/ˈliːdə/	12.7	21.5	≈ 0.52	11146400	+240.93	28.6	0.162	1974	1974	Kowal	Himalia
LXXI	Ersa♣	/ˈɜːrsə/	16.0	≈ 3	≈ 0.0014	11401000	+249.23	29.1	0.116	2018	2018	Sheppard	Himalia
	S/2018 J 2♣		16.5	≈ 3	≈ 0.0014	11420400		28.7	0.154	2018	2022	Sheppard	Himalia
VI	Himalia♣	/hɪˈmeɪliə/	8.0	139.6 (150 × 120)	420	11440600	+250.56	28.1	0.160	1904	1905	Perrine	Himalia
LXV	Pandia♣	/pænˈdaɪə/	16.2	≈ 3	≈ 0.0014	11481000	+251.91	29.0	0.179	2017	2018	Sheppard	Himalia
X	Lysithea♣	/laɪˈsɪθiə/	11.2	42.2	≈ 3.9	11700800	+259.20	27.2	0.117	1938	1938	Nicholson	Himalia
	S/2011 J 3♣		16.3	≈ 3	≈ 0.0014	11708300		27.9	0.176	2011	2022	Sheppard	Himalia
VII	Elara♣	/ˈɛlərə/	9.7	79.9	≈ 27	11712300	+259.64	27.9	0.211	1905	1905	Perrine	Himalia
LIII	Dia♣	/ˈdaɪə/	16.1	≈ 4	≈ 0.0034	12260300	+278.21	29.0	0.232	2000	2001	Sheppard et al.	Himalia
	S/2018 J 4§		16.7	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	16347800		49.8	0.209	2018	2023	Sheppard	Carpo
XLVI	Carpo§	/ˈkɑːrpoʊ/	16.2	≈ 3	≈ 0.0014	17042300	+456.29	53.2	0.416	2003	2003	Sheppard	Carpo
LXII	Valetudo†	/væləˈtjuːdoʊ/	17.0	≈ 1	≈ 0.000052	18694200	+527.61	34.5	0.217	2016	2018	Sheppard	Valetudo
XXXIV	Euporie♦	/ˈjuːpəriː/	16.3	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	19265800	−550.69	145.7	0.148	2001	2002	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
LV	S/2003 J 18♦		16.4	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	20336300	−598.12	145.3	0.090	2003	2003	Gladman	Ananke
LX	Eupheme♦	/juːˈfiːmiː/	16.6	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	20768600	−617.73	148.0	0.241	2003	2003	Sheppard	Ananke (core)
	S/2021 J 3♦		17.2	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	20782500		147.8	0.234	2021	2023	Sheppard	Ananke (core)
LII	S/2010 J 2♦		17.4	≈ 1	≈ 0.000052	20793000	−618.84	148.1	0.248	2010	2011	Veillet	Ananke (core)
LIV	S/2016 J 1♦		17.0	≈ 1	≈ 0.000052	20802600	−618.49	144.7	0.232	2016	2017	Sheppard	Ananke
XL	Mneme♦	/ˈniːmiː/	16.3	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	20821000	−620.07	148.0	0.247	2003	2003	Sheppard & Gladman	Ananke (core)
XXXIII	Euanthe♦	/juːˈænθiː/	16.4	≈ 3	≈ 0.0014	20827000	−620.44	148.0	0.239	2001	2002	Sheppard et al.	Ananke (core)
	S/2003 J 16♦		16.3	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	20882600	−622.88	148.0	0.243	2003	2003	Gladman	Ananke (core)
XXII	Harpalyke♦	/hɑːrˈpæləkiː/	15.9	≈ 4	≈ 0.0034	20892100	−623.32	147.7	0.232	2000	2001	Sheppard et al.	Ananke (core)
XXXV	Orthosie♦	/ɔːrˈθoʊziː/	16.6	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	20901000	−622.59	144.3	0.299	2001	2002	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
XLV	Helike♦	/ˈhɛləkiː/	16.0	≈ 4	≈ 0.0034	20915700	−626.33	154.4	0.153	2003	2003	Sheppard	Ananke
XXVII	Praxidike♦	/prækˈsɪdəkiː/	14.9	7	≈ 0.018	20935400	−625.39	148.3	0.246	2000	2001	Sheppard et al.	Ananke (core)
LXIV	S/2017 J 3♦		16.5	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	20941000	−625.60	147.9	0.231	2017	2018	Sheppard	Ananke (core)
	S/2003 J 12♦		17.0	≈ 1	≈ 0.000052	20963100	−627.24	150.0	0.235	2003	2003	Sheppard	Ananke (Hermippe)
LXVIII	S/2017 J 7♦		16.6	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	20964800	−626.56	147.3	0.233	2017	2018	Sheppard	Ananke (core)
	S/2021 J 2♦		17.3	≈ 1	≈ 0.000052	20975200		147.7	0.231	2021	2023	Sheppard	Ananke (core)
XLII	Thelxinoe♦	/θɛlkˈsɪnoʊiː/	16.3	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	20976000	−628.03	150.6	0.228	2003	2004	Sheppard & Gladman et al.	Ananke (Hermippe)
XXIX	Thyone♦	/θaɪˈoʊniː/	15.8	≈ 4	≈ 0.0034	20978000	−627.18	147.5	0.233	2001	2002	Sheppard et al.	Ananke (core)
	S/2021 J 1♦		17.3	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	20992900		151.2	0.234	2021	2023	Sheppard	Ananke (Hermippe)
	S/2003 J 2♦		16.7	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	20997700	−628.79	150.2	0.225	2003	2003	Sheppard	Ananke (Hermippe)
XII	Ananke♦	/əˈnæŋkiː/	11.7	29.1	≈ 1.3	21034500	−629.79	147.6	0.237	1951	1951	Nicholson	Ananke (core)
XXIV	Iocaste♦	/aɪəˈkæstiː/	15.5	≈ 5	≈ 0.0065	21066700	−631.59	148.8	0.227	2000	2001	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
XXX	Hermippe♦	/hərˈmɪpiː/	15.5	≈ 4	≈ 0.0034	21108500	−633.90	150.2	0.219	2001	2002	Sheppard et al.	Ananke (Hermippe)
LXX	S/2017 J 9♦		16.2	≈ 3	≈ 0.0014	21768700	−666.11	155.5	0.200	2017	2018	Sheppard	Ananke
LVIII	Philophrosyne‡	/fɪləˈfrɒzəniː/	16.7	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	22604600	−702.54	146.3	0.229	2003	2003	Sheppard	Pasiphae
	S/2016 J 3♥		16.7	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	22750900		164.7	0.254	2016	2023	Sheppard	Carme
XXXVIII	Pasithee♥	/ˈpæsəθiː/	16.8	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	22846700	−719.47	164.6	0.270	2001	2002	Sheppard et al.	Carme
LXIX	S/2017 J 8♥		17.1	≈ 1	≈ 0.000052	22849500	−719.76	164.8	0.255	2017	2018	Sheppard	Carme
	S/2021 J 6♥		17.3	≈ 1	≈ 0.000052	22867600		165.0	0.276	2021	2023	Sheppard	Carme
	S/2003 J 24♥		16.6	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	22887400	−721.60	164.5	0.259	2003	2021	Sheppard et al.	Carme
XXXII	Eurydome‡	/jʊəˈrɪdəmiː/	16.2	≈ 3	≈ 0.0014	22899000	−717.31	149.1	0.294	2001	2002	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphae
LVI	S/2011 J 2‡		16.8	≈ 1	≈ 0.000052	22909200	−718.32	151.9	0.355	2011	2012	Sheppard	Pasiphae
	S/2003 J 4‡		16.7	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	22926500	−718.10	148.2	0.328	2003	2003	Sheppard	Pasiphae
XXI	Chaldene♥	/kælˈdiːniː/	16.0	≈ 4	≈ 0.0034	22930500	−723.71	164.7	0.265	2000	2001	Sheppard et al.	Carme
LXIII	S/2017 J 2♥		16.4	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	22953200	−724.71	164.5	0.272	2017	2018	Sheppard	Carme
XXVI	Isonoe♥	/aɪˈsɒnoʊiː/	16.0	≈ 4	≈ 0.0034	22981300	−726.27	164.8	0.249	2000	2001	Sheppard et al.	Carme
XLIV	Kallichore♥	/kəˈlɪkəriː/	16.3	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	23021800	−728.26	164.8	0.252	2003	2003	Sheppard	Carme
XXV	Erinome♥	/ɛˈrɪnəmiː/	16.0	≈ 3	≈ 0.0014	23032900	−728.48	164.4	0.276	2000	2001	Sheppard et al.	Carme
	S/2021 J 4♥		17.4	≈ 1	≈ 0.000052	23042900		164.7	0.269	2021	2023	Sheppard	Carme
XXXVII	Kale♥	/ˈkeɪliː/	16.3	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	23052600	−729.64	164.6	0.262	2001	2002	Sheppard et al.	Carme
LVII	Eirene♥	/aɪˈriːniː/	15.8	≈ 4	≈ 0.0034	23055800	−729.84	164.6	0.258	2003	2003	Sheppard	Carme
XXXI	Aitne♥	/ˈeɪtniː/	16.0	≈ 3	≈ 0.0014	23064400	−730.10	164.6	0.277	2001	2002	Sheppard et al.	Carme
XLVII	Eukelade♥	/juːˈkɛlədiː/	16.0	≈ 4	≈ 0.0034	23067400	−730.30	164.6	0.277	2003	2003	Sheppard	Carme
XLIII	Arche♥	/ˈɑːrkiː/	16.2	≈ 3	≈ 0.0014	23097800	−731.88	164.6	0.261	2002	2002	Sheppard	Carme
XX	Taygete♥	/teɪˈɪdʒətiː/	15.6	≈ 5	≈ 0.0065	23108000	−732.45	164.7	0.253	2000	2001	Sheppard et al.	Carme
	S/2016 J 4‡		17.3	≈ 1	≈ 0.000052	23109400		146.9	0.288	2016	2023	Sheppard	Pasiphae
LXXII	S/2011 J 1♥		16.7	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	23124500	−733.21	164.6	0.271	2011	2012	Sheppard	Carme
XI	Carme♥	/ˈkɑːrmiː/	10.6	46.7	≈ 5.3	23144400	−734.19	164.6	0.256	1938	1938	Nicholson	Carme
L	Herse♥	/ˈhɜːrsiː/	16.5	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	23150500	−734.52	164.4	0.262	2003	2003	Gladman et al.	Carme
LXI	S/2003 J 19♥		16.6	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	23156400	−734.78	164.7	0.265	2003	2003	Gladman	Carme
LI	S/2010 J 1♥		16.5	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	23189800	−736.51	164.5	0.252	2010	2011	Jacobson et al.	Carme
	S/2003 J 9♥		16.9	≈ 1	≈ 0.000052	23199400	−736.86	164.8	0.263	2003	2003	Sheppard	Carme
LXVI	S/2017 J 5♥		16.5	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	23206200	−737.28	164.8	0.257	2017	2018	Sheppard	Carme
LXVII	S/2017 J 6‡		16.6	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	23245300	−733.99	149.7	0.336	2017	2018	Sheppard	Pasiphae
XXIII	Kalyke♥	/ˈkæləkiː/	15.4	6.9	≈ 0.017	23302600	−742.02	164.8	0.260	2000	2001	Sheppard et al.	Carme
XXXIX	Hegemone‡	/həˈdʒɛməniː/	15.9	≈ 3	≈ 0.0014	23348700	−739.81	152.6	0.358	2003	2003	Sheppard	Pasiphae
	S/2018 J 3♥		17.3	≈ 1	≈ 0.000052	23352200		165.2	0.272	2021	2023	Sheppard	Carme
	S/2021 J 5♥		16.8	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	23441500		164.9	0.269	2021	2023	Sheppard	Carme
	S/2003 J 10♥		16.9	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	23446200		164.4	0.254	2003	2003	Sheppard	Carme
VIII	Pasiphae‡	/pəˈsɪfeɪiː/	10.1	57.8	≈ 10	23468200	−743.61	148.4	0.412	1908	1908	Melotte	Pasiphae
XXXVI	Sponde‡	/ˈspɒndiː/	16.7	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	23543300	−748.29	149.3	0.322	2001	2002	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphae
XIX	Megaclite‡	/ˌmɛɡəˈklaɪtiː/	15.0	≈ 5	≈ 0.0065	23644600	−752.86	149.8	0.421	2000	2001	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphae
XLVIII	Cyllene‡	/səˈliːniː/	16.3	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	23654700	−751.97	146.8	0.419	2003	2003	Sheppard	Pasiphae
IX	Sinope‡	/səˈnoʊpiː/	11.1	35	≈ 2.2	23683900	−758.85	157.3	0.264	1914	1914	Nicholson	Pasiphae
LIX	S/2017 J 1‡		16.8	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	23744800	−756.41	145.8	0.328	2017	2017	Sheppard	Pasiphae
XLI	Aoede‡	/eɪˈiːdiː/	15.6	≈ 4	≈ 0.0034	23778200	−761.46	155.7	0.436	2003	2003	Sheppard	Pasiphae
XXVIII	Autonoe‡	/ɔːˈtɒnoʊiː/	15.5	≈ 4	≈ 0.0034	23792500	−761.00	150.8	0.330	2001	2002	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphae
XVII	Callirrhoe‡	/kəˈlɪroʊiː/	14.0	9.6	≈ 0.046	23795500	−758.86	145.1	0.297	1999	2000	Scotti et al.	Pasiphae
	S/2003 J 23‡		16.6	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	23829300	−760.00	144.7	0.313	2003	2004	Sheppard	Pasiphae
XLIX	Kore‡	/ˈkɔːriː/	16.6	≈ 2	≈ 0.00042	24205200	−776.76	141.5	0.328	2003	2003	Sheppard	Pasiphae

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Jacobson2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Cite error: The named reference jplsats was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference MPC-NatSats was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference SheppardMoons was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference jplsats-disc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Gazetteer was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Amalthea". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Siedelmann P.K.; Abalakin V.K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M.E.; et al. (2000). The Planets and Satellites 2000 (Report). IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2008.
^ "Europa - definition of Europa in English from the Oxford dictionary". OxfordDictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
^ "Ganymede - definition of Ganymede in English from the Oxford dictionary". OxfordDictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
^ "Ganymede". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.

Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).

[Jacobson2017-1] Cite error: The named reference Jacobson2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[jplsats-2] Cite error: The named reference jplsats was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[MPC-NatSats-4] Cite error: The named reference MPC-NatSats was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[SheppardMoons-5] Cite error: The named reference SheppardMoons was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[jplsats-phys-7] "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 28 March 2022.

[jplsats-disc-10] Cite error: The named reference jplsats-disc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Gazetteer-11] Cite error: The named reference Gazetteer was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[13] "Amalthea". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.

[inclination-14] Siedelmann P.K.; Abalakin V.K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M.E.; et al. (2000). The Planets and Satellites 2000 (Report). IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2008.

[15] "Europa - definition of Europa in English from the Oxford dictionary". OxfordDictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2016.

[16] "Ganymede - definition of Ganymede in English from the Oxford dictionary". OxfordDictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2016.

[17] "Ganymede". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.

[1]