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Grom (missile)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the Polish SAM. For the Soviet air-to-surface missile, see Kh-23.
Grom
Grom missile with launcher
TypeMan-portable air-defense system
Place of originPoland
Service history
In service1995–present
Used bySee Operators
WarsSecond Chechen War
Russo-Georgian War
War in Donbass
Production history
DesignerMilitary Institute of Armament Technology, WAT Military University of Technology, Skarżysko Rocket Design Bureau
ManufacturerMesko, Skarżysko-Kamienna
Produced1995–present
Specifications
Mass16.5 kilograms (36 lb), and for missile only 10.5 kilograms (23 lb)
Diameter72 millimetres (2.8 in)
Warhead weight1.27 kilograms (2.8 lb)
Detonation
mechanism
contact
Enginesolid fuel rocket
Operational
range
5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi)
Flight altitude3.5 kilometres (11,000 ft)
Maximum speed 650 metres per second (2,100 ft/s)
Guidance
system
infrared
Launch
platform
MANPADS

The Grom (meaning "thunder" in Polish) is a man-portable air-defense system produced in Poland and based on the Soviet man-portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile (SAM) 9K38 Igla. It consists of a 72 mm anti-aircraft missile set with a flight speed of 650 m/s, as well as a single-use launcher, re-usable gripstock and thermal battery coolant assembly electric unit. The full name of the system is PZR Grom, PZR standing for Przeciwlotniczy Zestaw Rakietowy (literally anti-air rocket-propelled set).

It is designed to target low-flying helicopters and aeroplanes. As such, the Grom missile is used by other surface-to-air defence systems of Polish design, including ZSU-23-4MP Biała, ZUR-23-2 kg and Poprad self-propelled artillery system. It should not be confused with versions of the Zvezda Kh-23 air-to-surface missile built under licence in Yugoslavia/Serbia as the Grom-A and Grom-B.

History

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Polish soldiers practice aiming with Grom MANPADs
Lithuanian soldiers train with Grom

Initially at least since the 1970s the MESKO metal works in Skarżysko-Kamienna mass-produced license-built Soviet Strela-2M (SA-7 Grail) surface-to-air missiles, designated in Poland as Strzała-2M. However, when these became outdated in the late 1980s the lead designers prepared the works to produce a more modern Soviet design, the 9K38 Igla (SA-18 Grouse). However, Poland left the Soviet bloc in 1990 and the license was declined, thus leaving Poland with no modern MANPADS at hand.

Because of that, in late 1992 various Polish works and design bureaus (among them the Zielonka-based Military Institute of Armament Technology, the WAT Military University of Technology and the Skarżysko Rocket Design Bureau) started working on a new Igla-like design. These were allegedly helped by the Polish intelligence services able to buy the design plans of the original 9K38 Igla missile system in the LOMO works in Leningrad (modern St. Petersburg) during the turmoil following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.[1] By 1995 the first batch (marked as GROM-1) entered service. It included a number of imported Russian components. By the late 1990s these were replaced with entirely Poland-designed elements.

On January 1, 2013, Bumar Amunicja manufactured their 2,000th Grom missile set.[2]

Grom was later improved into what became known as the Piorun, with a new seeker and rocket motor.[3]

Design

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The system is designed to be operated by one soldier. It consists of a single-stage projectile, a single-use tubular launcher, a starting mechanism, and an on-ground power supply. The rocket projectile uses solid propellant. The infrared aiming sensor is cooled with liquid nitrogen. There are options for identification friend or foe and thermovision.

Operational history

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The 'Grom' has been used by Polish Land Forces since 1995.[4] It is also exported to other countries, including Georgia which bought 30 launchers and 100 missiles in 2007.[4] According to press releases during the Russo-Georgian War, Polish-made GROM missiles targeted Russian planes and helicopters 20 times, 12 missiles were fired out of which 9 hit their targets, and most likely shot down a Su-25.[1]

The Indonesian Army bought around 152 Grom missiles as part of Kobra (Aster) V-SHORAD system, including four Poprad mobile launchers, 12 ZUR-23-2 kg-I launchers and 76 missiles delivered in 2007 and the second such system ordered in 2006.[5]

In March 2012, Peru chose the winners of a $140 million competition meant to upgrade its air defence systems, choosing among others 50 Grom launchers and six Poprad mobile launchers.[6] However, there have been no reports of the deal being finalized.

Political relevance

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In late 2008, the Russian press made claims that Russian Army personnel had discovered Polish GROM missiles in Chechnya. In response, the Polish press quickly reacted and accused Russia of fabricating evidence to falsely link Poland to the conflict. The Polish press claimed that the missiles had actually been moved by Russians from Georgia to Chechnya.[7]

Operators

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Map with Grom operators in blue

Current operators

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  •  Georgia – 30 launchers and 100+ missiles, were used in Russo-Georgian war.[8]
  •  Indonesia – In use as a part of Aster system.[5]
  •  Lithuania – 18 launchers bought in 2014, in 2023 another batch worth around $20 million was bought.[9][10][11]
  •  Poland – Around 400 launchers and 2000 missiles of Grom version, 400 missiles of Piorun version, 420 launchers and 1300 missiles of Piorun version on order.[12]

Evaluation only

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  •  Japan – One launcher and five missiles, bought in 2010 for testing.[11]
  •  Russia – Captured unknown quantity of launchers in Georgia (One launcher was sent to the separatists in Ukraine).[13]
  •  United States – purchased 120 missiles.[14]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b jagor, PAP (August 2009). "Polska broń w służbie gruzińskiej armii". Gazeta Wyborcza (in Polish) (2009–08–10). Archived from the original on 2009-08-13. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
  2. ^ 2,000th Grom missile set Archived 2013-01-03 at the Wayback Machine - Armyrecognition.com, January 1, 2013
  3. ^ "How Poland Would Defend Its Skies from Russia's Missiles and MiGs | the National Interest Blog". 22 April 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-04-23. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  4. ^ a b Michał Majewski, Paweł Reszka (August 2009). "Polska broń w służbie gruzińskiej armii". Dziennik (in Polish) (2009–08–10). Archived from the original on 2009-09-18. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
  5. ^ a b Kiński, Andrzej (2008). "Kobra wychodzi z cienia" [Cobra comes out from a shadow]. Nowa Technika Wojskowa (in Polish). No. 1/2008. Warsaw: Magnum-X. pp. 16–17.
  6. ^ Adamowski, Jaroslaw (19 March 2012). "Rafael, Bumar, Northrop Win $140M Peru Contract". Defense News. Archived from the original on December 29, 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  7. ^ "Polskie rakiety Rosjanie wywieźli z Gruzji, a następnie 'odkryli' w Czeczenii". Archived from the original on 2009-09-13. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
  8. ^ "Grom (missile)". Geo-Army. Archived from the original on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  9. ^ "UNROCA (United Nations Register of Conventional Arms)". www.unroca.org. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  10. ^ *"Lithuania signs contract on purchase of GROM air-defense system". Delfi. 3 September 2014. Archived from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 2014-09-03.
  11. ^ a b "Polskie rakiety Grom trafią na Litwę | DEFENCE24". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
  12. ^ "Pioruny zastąpią Gromy". Archived from the original on 2017-08-27. Retrieved 2019-07-01.
  13. ^ "Polski system przeciwlotniczy Grom znaleziony na wschodniej Ukrainie | Defence24". 19 May 2014. Archived from the original on 2017-08-21. Retrieved 2017-07-26.
  14. ^ "Przemiana Loary w polskiego Pancyra [OPINIA] - Defence24". www.defence24.pl. 6 December 2018. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
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