Committee of Experts on Slavery

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The Committee of Experts on Slavery (CES) was a temporary committee of the League of Nations (LN), inaugurated in 1932. The CES was created after a three year long campaign, with the purpose of investigating the efficiency of the 1926 Slavery Convention.

The CES conducted a global investigation concerning slavery, slave trade and force labor. Its report lay the ground for the creation of the first permanent slavery commission of the LN, the Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery.

The League of Nations had conducted an active work against chattel slavery and slave trade from the early 1920s. The investigation of the Temporary Slavery Commission (TSC) had resulted in the introduction of the 1926 Slavery Convention.^[1]

The 1926 Slavery Convention had initially been considered a big success in international legalization against slavery. However, during the years following its introduction, there had been numerous reports of slavery and slave trade worldwide. This attracted a growing concern that there was a need to investigate the efficiency and implementation of the Slavery Convention. There was considerable opposition to create an commission, and it took three years of campaign before the goal was reached.

In 1932 the Committee of Experts on Slavery (CES) was established to investigate the efficiency of the 1926 Slavery Convention.^[2]

The CES Commission was composed of seven members: Albrecht Gohr (Belgium) as Chairman, Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard as Deputy Chairman, Tulio Zedda (Italy; later replaced by Ercole Vellani), Neytzell de Wylde (The Netherlands) Julio Lopez-Olivan (Spain), Gabriel Angoulvant (France) and Virginie de Castro e Almeida (Portugal).

The CES was not able to achieve anything concrete in terms of legal reform. However, it created a report which came to play an important part in the continued campaign of the NL against slavery and slave trade.

At this point in time, chattel slavery was still legal in the Arabian Peninsula. The Red Sea slave trade provided slaves to slavery in Saudi Arabia, slavery in Yemen, slavery in Oman, slavery in the Trucial States, slavery in Qatar and slavery in Kuwait.

The result of the CES report convinced the League of the need to establish a permanent committee to address the issue. In 1933-1934, the CES was transformed in to the Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery.

• Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90, 1889
• Temporary Slavery Commission, 1924
• Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery, 1933
• Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery, 1950