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Artvin okrug

Coordinates: 41°11′00″N 41°49′05″E / 41.18333°N 41.81806°E / 41.18333; 41.81806
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Artvin okrug
Артвинский округ
Coat of arms of Artvin okrug
Location in the Batum Oblast
Location in the Batum Oblast
CountryRussian Empire
ViceroyaltyCaucasus
OblastBatum
Established1878
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk3 March 1918
CapitalArtvin
Area
 • Total3,272.00 km2 (1,263.33 sq mi)
Population
 (1916)
 • Total37,414
 • Density11/km2 (30/sq mi)
 • Urban
18.70%
 • Rural
81.30%

The Artvin okrug[b] was a district (okrug) of the Batum Oblast of the Russian Empire, existing between 1878 and 1918. The district was eponymously named for its administrative centre, Artvin, presently part of the Artvin Province of Turkey. The district bordered with the Olti okrug to the south, the Ardahan okrug to the east, the Batumi okrug to the north, and the Ottoman Empire to the west. Between 1883 and 1903, the Artvin okrug formed a part of the Kutaisi Governorate.[1]

Administrative divisions

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The prefectures (участки, uchastki) of the Artvin okrug were:[2][3]

Name Administrative centre 1912 population Area
Ardanuchskiy prefecture (Арданучский участок) Ardanuch (Ardanuç) 18,336 684.64 square versts (779.16 km2; 300.84 sq mi)
Artvinskiy prefecture (Артвинский участок) Artvin 12,804 1,120.18 square versts (1,274.83 km2; 492.22 sq mi)
Shavsheto-Imerkhevskiy prefecture (Шавшето-Имерхевский участок) Satlel-Rabat 23,780 1,070.24 square versts (1,218.00 km2; 470.27 sq mi)

Demographics

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Russian Empire Census

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According to the Russian Empire Census, the Artvin okrug had a population of 56,140 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 29,064 men and 27,076 women. The majority of the population indicated Turkish to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian and Georgian speaking minorities.[4]

Linguistic composition of the Artvin okrug in 1897[4]
Language Native speakers %
Turkish 41,468 73.87
Armenian 7,819 13.93
Georgian 5,506 9.81
Ukrainian 714 1.27
Russian 308 0.55
Kurdish 112 0.20
Greek 67 0.12
Polish 21 0.04
Imeretian 15 0.03
German 13 0.02
Abkhazian 6 0.01
Tatar[c] 5 0.01
Belarusian 4 0.01
Persian 2 0.00
Ossetian 1 0.00
Other 79 0.14
TOTAL 56,140 100.00

Kavkazskiy kalendar

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According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Artvin okrug had a population of 37,414 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 19,276 men and 18,138 women, 33,945 of whom were the permanent population, and 3,469 were temporary residents:[7]

Nationality Urban Rural TOTAL
Number % Number % Number %
Georgians 882 12.61 25,849 84.98 26,731 71.45
Armenians 5,451 77.90 3,977 13.07 9,428 25.20
Russians 217 3.10 109 0.36 326 0.87
North Caucasians 304 4.34 0 0.00 304 0.81
Shia Muslims[d] 143 2.04 140 0.46 283 0.76
Roma 0 0.00 145 0.48 145 0.39
Sunni Muslims[e] 0 0.00 104 0.34 104 0.28
Asiatic Christians 0 0.00 69 0.23 69 0.18
Other Europeans 0 0.00 24 0.08 24 0.06
TOTAL 6,997 100.00 30,417 100.00 37,414 100.00

Notes

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  1. ^ Western Armenian pronunciation: [ɑɹtʰviˈni kʰɑˈvɑr]
  2. ^
  3. ^ Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".[5][6]
  4. ^ Primarily Tatars.[8]
  5. ^ Primarily Turco-Tatars.[8]

References

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  1. ^ Tsutsiev 2014.
  2. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 23–28.
  3. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 144–147.
  4. ^ a b "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  5. ^ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
  6. ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
  7. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 182–185.
  8. ^ a b Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.

Bibliography

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See also

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41°11′00″N 41°49′05″E / 41.18333°N 41.81806°E / 41.18333; 41.81806