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The Sogdian city-states refers to a number of independent or autonomous city-states in the Iranian region of Sogdia in late antiquity and the medieval period. Most of the city-states were ruled by a king or queen, who was called "first among equals". However, the succession of rule was not stable, and the people could influence who would become the new ruler. The period, which experienced its peak in the 7th century, ended with the conquest of Transoxiana by the Islamic Caliphate. Bukhara and Samarkand – the famous cities of Persian literature – were the largest and wealthiest Sogdian states.

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  • The Sogdian city-states refers to a number of independent or autonomous city-states in the Iranian region of Sogdia in late antiquity and the medieval period. Most of the city-states were ruled by a king or queen, who was called "first among equals". However, the succession of rule was not stable, and the people could influence who would become the new ruler. The period, which experienced its peak in the 7th century, ended with the conquest of Transoxiana by the Islamic Caliphate. Bukhara and Samarkand – the famous cities of Persian literature – were the largest and wealthiest Sogdian states. (en)
  • Согдийские города-государства относятся к ряду независимых или автономных городов-государств в среднеазиатском регионе Согдиана в поздней античности и раннем Средневековье. Большинство городов-государств управлялись царём (ихшидом) или царицей, которых называли «первым среди равных». Однако преемственность правления не была стабильной, и люди могли влиять на то, кто станет новым правителем. Период, достигший своего пика в VII веке, закончился завоеванием Мавераннахра Арабским халифатом. Бухара и Самарканд (известные города персидской литературы) были крупнейшими и богатейшими согдийскими государствами. Согд делился на несколько владений. В письменных источниках в Самаркандском Согде, кроме Самарканда, упоминаются Кабудан, Иштихан и Маймург, в долине Кашкадарьи — Кеш и Нахшеб. Все эти владения в какой-то мере зависели от Самаркандского Согда. В Бухарском Согде кроме самой Бухары отмечаются ещё Пайкенд и Вардана. (ru)
  • As cidades-estados soguedianas foram série de cidades-estados independentes ou autônomas na região iraniana de Soguediana no final da Antiguidade e durante a Idade Média. A maioria delas eram governadas por um rei ou rainha, que era chamado de "o primeiro entre iguais". No entanto, a sucessão régia não era estável e as pessoas podiam influenciar quem se tornaria o novo governante. O período, que teve seu auge no século VII, terminou com a conquista muçulmana da Transoxiana pelo Califado Omíada. (pt)
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  • The Sogdian city-states refers to a number of independent or autonomous city-states in the Iranian region of Sogdia in late antiquity and the medieval period. Most of the city-states were ruled by a king or queen, who was called "first among equals". However, the succession of rule was not stable, and the people could influence who would become the new ruler. The period, which experienced its peak in the 7th century, ended with the conquest of Transoxiana by the Islamic Caliphate. Bukhara and Samarkand – the famous cities of Persian literature – were the largest and wealthiest Sogdian states. (en)
  • As cidades-estados soguedianas foram série de cidades-estados independentes ou autônomas na região iraniana de Soguediana no final da Antiguidade e durante a Idade Média. A maioria delas eram governadas por um rei ou rainha, que era chamado de "o primeiro entre iguais". No entanto, a sucessão régia não era estável e as pessoas podiam influenciar quem se tornaria o novo governante. O período, que teve seu auge no século VII, terminou com a conquista muçulmana da Transoxiana pelo Califado Omíada. (pt)
  • Согдийские города-государства относятся к ряду независимых или автономных городов-государств в среднеазиатском регионе Согдиана в поздней античности и раннем Средневековье. Большинство городов-государств управлялись царём (ихшидом) или царицей, которых называли «первым среди равных». Однако преемственность правления не была стабильной, и люди могли влиять на то, кто станет новым правителем. Период, достигший своего пика в VII веке, закончился завоеванием Мавераннахра Арабским халифатом. (ru)
rdfs:label
  • Cidades-estados soguedianas (pt)
  • Sogdian city-states (en)
  • Согдийские города-государства (ru)
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