About: Patriation

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Patriation is the political process that led to full Canadian sovereignty, culminating with the Constitution Act, 1982. The process was necessary because under the Statute of Westminster 1931, with Canada's agreement at the time, the British parliament had retained the power to amend Canada's Constitution Acts (Statute of Westminster sec. 7(1)), and to enact more generally for Canada at the request and with the consent of the Dominion (sec. 4). That authority was removed from the UK by the enactment of the Canada Act 1982 on March 29, 1982, by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as requested by the Parliament of Canada.

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  • Le rapatriement de la Constitution du Canada est le processus par lequel le Canada est devenu apte à modifier lui-même sa Constitution, sans l'accord du Royaume-Uni. Le rapatriement s'est effectué en 1982 par la sanction royale de la Loi de 1982 sur le Canada par la reine Élisabeth II. Le processus de rapatriement s'est effectué sur plusieurs décennies. C'est toutefois sous l'impulsion du premier ministre Pierre Elliott Trudeau dans les années 1970 et 1980 que le projet s'est concrétisé. Trudeau souhaitait d'abord demander, sans l'autorisation des gouvernements provinciaux, au Parlement du Royaume-Uni de rapatrier la Constitution canadienne. Toutefois, la Cour suprême du Canada, dans la décision Renvoi : Résolution pour modifier la Constitution, a statué qu'un degré substantiel d'appui des provinces était nécessaire avant que le gouvernement fédéral puisse demander au Royaume-Uni de modifier la Constitution. À la suite de cette décision, le gouvernement fédéral entreprit des négociations afin de convaincre les provinces d'adhérer au rapatriement. Les négociations aboutirent à la Nuit des Longs Couteaux où toutes les provinces, à l'exception du Québec, ont consenti au rapatriement. En plus de la possibilité de modifier la Constitution du Canada sans l'accord du Royaume-Uni, le rapatriement contenait aussi l'enchâssement de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés. Cette dernière était la source principale du refus du rapatriement pour les provinces en raison de son champ d'application très large. (fr)
  • Patriation is the political process that led to full Canadian sovereignty, culminating with the Constitution Act, 1982. The process was necessary because under the Statute of Westminster 1931, with Canada's agreement at the time, the British parliament had retained the power to amend Canada's Constitution Acts (Statute of Westminster sec. 7(1)), and to enact more generally for Canada at the request and with the consent of the Dominion (sec. 4). That authority was removed from the UK by the enactment of the Canada Act 1982 on March 29, 1982, by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as requested by the Parliament of Canada. Patriation was subsequently confirmed by the Constitution Act, 1982, part of the Canada Act 1982. A proclamation bringing the Constitution Act, 1982 into effect was signed by Elizabeth II, as Queen of Canada, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and Minister of Justice Jean Chrétien on April 17, 1982, on Parliament Hill, in Ottawa. The monarch's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the act. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country; however, the UK monarch's role as monarch of Canada is distinct from their role as the UK monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms. The patriation process saw the provinces granted influence in constitutional matters and resulted in the constitution being amendable by Canada only and according to its amending formula, with no role for the United Kingdom. Hence, patriation is associated with the establishment of full sovereignty. (en)
  • Il rimpatrio della Costituzione del Canada (in inglese patriation) fu il processo politico che condusse alla piena sovranità del Canada, culminato con la Legge costituzionale del 1982. Questa legge si rese necessaria perché con lo Statuto di Westminster del 1931, il Canada aveva consentito al Parlamento britannico di mantenere temporaneamente il potere di emendare la Costituzione del Canada con il consenso del governo canadese. Quel potere fu tolto al Regno Unito mediante l'approvazione, il 29 marzo del 1982, della Legge sul Canada del 1982 da parte del Parlamento del Regno Unito, come richiesto dal Parlamento del Canada. Il rimpatrio fu successivamente confermato dalla Legge costituzionale del 1982 del Canada, che fu firmata dal primo ministro canadese dell'epoca Pierre Trudeau e da Elisabetta II, in qualità di regina del Canada, il 17 aprile 1982, sulla Collina del Parlamento, a Ottawa. I poteri costituzionali sul Canada della regina Elisabetta non furono modificati dalla legge. Il Canada, tuttavia, ha la piena sovranità come paese indipendente, e il ruolo del Re come monarca del Canada è completamente separato dal suo ruolo di monarca britannico o monarca di uno qualunque degli altri reami del Commonwealth. (it)
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  • Le rapatriement de la Constitution du Canada est le processus par lequel le Canada est devenu apte à modifier lui-même sa Constitution, sans l'accord du Royaume-Uni. Le rapatriement s'est effectué en 1982 par la sanction royale de la Loi de 1982 sur le Canada par la reine Élisabeth II. (fr)
  • Patriation is the political process that led to full Canadian sovereignty, culminating with the Constitution Act, 1982. The process was necessary because under the Statute of Westminster 1931, with Canada's agreement at the time, the British parliament had retained the power to amend Canada's Constitution Acts (Statute of Westminster sec. 7(1)), and to enact more generally for Canada at the request and with the consent of the Dominion (sec. 4). That authority was removed from the UK by the enactment of the Canada Act 1982 on March 29, 1982, by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as requested by the Parliament of Canada. (en)
  • Il rimpatrio della Costituzione del Canada (in inglese patriation) fu il processo politico che condusse alla piena sovranità del Canada, culminato con la Legge costituzionale del 1982. Questa legge si rese necessaria perché con lo Statuto di Westminster del 1931, il Canada aveva consentito al Parlamento britannico di mantenere temporaneamente il potere di emendare la Costituzione del Canada con il consenso del governo canadese. Quel potere fu tolto al Regno Unito mediante l'approvazione, il 29 marzo del 1982, della Legge sul Canada del 1982 da parte del Parlamento del Regno Unito, come richiesto dal Parlamento del Canada. (it)
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  • Patriación (es)
  • Rapatriement de la Constitution du Canada (fr)
  • Rimpatrio della Costituzione del Canada (it)
  • Patriation (en)
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