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- Japanese orphans in China consist primarily of children left behind by Japanese families following the Japanese repatriation from Huludao in the aftermath of World War II. According to Chinese government figures, roughly 4,000 Japanese children were left behind in China after the war, 90% in Inner Mongolia and northeast China (then Manchukuo). They were adopted by rural Chinese families. In 1980, the orphans began returning to Japan, but they faced discrimination due to their lack of Japanese language skills and encountered difficulties in maintaining steady employment. As of August 2004, 2,476 orphans had settled in Japan, according to the figures of the Japanese Ministry of Labor. They receive monthly payments of ¥20,000-30,000 yen from the Japanese government. In 2003, 612 orphans filed a lawsuit against the Japanese government, claiming that it bears responsibility for their having been left behind. Each plaintiff sought ¥33 million. Besides the orphans, most other Japanese left behind in China were women. These Japanese women mostly married Chinese men and became known as "stranded war wives" (zanryu fujin). Because they had children with Chinese men, the women were not allowed to bring their Chinese families back with them to Japan, and most of them stayed. Japanese law allowed only children with Japanese fathers to become Japanese citizens. (en)
- 중국 잔류 일본인(일본어: 中国残留日本人 주고쿠 잔류 니혼진[*], 중국어: 遺華日僑)은 만주를 비롯한 중국 각지로 이주해 왔다가 제2차 세계 대전 말기에, 소비에트 연방의 만주 진주와 관동군의 퇴각 등 복잡한 정세로 인해 일본으로 돌아가지 못한 채 남아있는 일본인들을 가리키는 말이다. (ko)
- 中国残留日本人（中国残留孤児）は、第二次世界大戦末期のソ連軍侵攻と関東軍撤退により日本へ帰国できず、中国大陸に残留した日本人である。日本の法律などでは、中国在留邦人ともいう。 (ja)
- 遺華日僑（日语：中国帰国者、残留日本人、中国残留日本人、中国在留邦人）是指日本投降後未有在戰後遣返行動中歸國並遗留在中国的日本侨民，主要成分是皇軍官兵家眷或日俄戰爭起派遣到中國的日本国策移民。 相較於苏联遠東、庫頁島和朝鮮半島，二戰後，遺留在中國東北（原满洲国）的日本人人數庞大，超过150万人。在当时混乱的时局下，有8万余人因饥饿、寒冷、瘟疫等原因丧命。1945年冬季过后，仍留存有145万人。1946年起，在美军、中国共产党参与下，国民政府开始遣返东北日侨，绝大部分日侨顺利回国。1949年，中华人民共和国成立时，大陆地区尚余4万余人。与朝鲜人不同，新政府并不承認剩余的遺華日僑為少數民族。同时，新政府委派中日民间���织继续组织遣返剩余日侨。其后，在中国的遗留者是为战后遗华日侨的极少数。1958年后，人数应不足万人。 据不完全统计，中国民众在战后收养的日本遗孤有4,000余人。他们大部分生活在中国东北和内蒙古，這些人多已融入當地家庭。1972年中日邦交正常化后，包括日本遗孤在内的遗留者大部分返回日本生活，并取得日本国國籍。 (zh)
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- 중국 잔류 일본인(일본어: 中国残留日本人 주고쿠 잔류 니혼진[*], 중국어: 遺華日僑)은 만주를 비롯한 중국 각지로 이주해 왔다가 제2차 세계 대전 말기에, 소비에트 연방의 만주 진주와 관동군의 퇴각 등 복잡한 정세로 인해 일본으로 돌아가지 못한 채 남아있는 일본인들을 가리키는 말이다. (ko)
- 中国残留日本人（中国残留孤児）は、第二次世界大戦末期のソ連軍侵攻と関東軍撤退により日本へ帰国できず、中国大陸に残留した日本人である。日本の法律などでは、中国在留邦人ともいう。 (ja)
- 遺華日僑（日语：中国帰国者、残留日本人、中国残留日本人、中国在留邦人）是指日本投降後未有在戰後遣返行動中歸國並遗留在中国的日本侨民，主要成分是皇軍官兵家眷或日俄戰爭起派遣到中國的日本国策移民。 相較於苏联遠東、庫頁島和朝鮮半島，二戰後，遺留在中國東北（原满洲国）的日本人人數庞大，超过150万人。在当时混乱的时局下，有8万余人因饥饿、寒冷、瘟疫等原因丧命。1945年冬季过后，仍留存有145万人。1946年起，在美军、中国共产党参与下，国民政府开始遣返东北日侨，绝大部分日侨顺利回国。1949年，中华人民共和国成立时，大陆地区尚余4万余人。与朝鲜人不同，新政府并不承認剩余的遺華日僑為少數民族。同时，新政府委派中日民间组织继续组织遣返剩余日侨。其后，在中国的遗留者是为战后遗华日侨的极少数。1958年后，人数应不足万人。 据不完全统计，中国民众在战后收养的日本遗孤有4,000余人。他们大部分生活在中国东北和内蒙古，這些人多已融入當地家庭。1972年中日邦交正常化后，包括日本遗孤在内的遗留者大部分返回日本生活，并取得日本国國籍。 (zh)
- Japanese orphans in China consist primarily of children left behind by Japanese families following the Japanese repatriation from Huludao in the aftermath of World War II. According to Chinese government figures, roughly 4,000 Japanese children were left behind in China after the war, 90% in Inner Mongolia and northeast China (then Manchukuo). They were adopted by rural Chinese families. (en)
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- Japanese orphans in China (en)
- 中国残留日本人 (ja)
- 중국 잔류 일본인 (ko)
- 遗华日侨 (zh)
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