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- Compellence is a form of coercion that attempts to get an actor (such as a state) to change its behavior through threats to use force or the actual use of limited force. Compellence can be more clearly described as "a political-diplomatic strategy that aims to influence an adversary's will or incentive structure. It is a strategy that combines threats of force, and, if necessary, the limited and selective use of force in discrete and controlled increments, in a bargaining strategy that includes positive inducements. The aim is to induce an adversary to comply with one's demands, or to negotiate the most favorable compromise possible, while simultaneously managing the crisis to prevent unwanted military escalation." As distinguished from deterrence theory, which is a strategy aimed at maintaining the status quo (dissuading adversaries from undertaking an action), compellence entails efforts to change the status quo (persuading an opponent to change their behavior). Compellence has been characterized as harder to successfully implement than deterrence. Compellence can entail strategies to punish an adversary, raise the risk for an adversary, or deny the adversary from achieving their objectives. Successful instances of compellence in one case may have a deterrent effect on other states, whereas a reputation for a lack of resolve may undermine general deterrence and future compellence. (en)
- 強制外交（きょうせいがいこう）とは、相手国の敵対的な行動を撤回させることを目的に、限定的な軍事力や威嚇を用いて行う外交政策である。 (ja)
- 強制外交是一國试图通过威胁使用武力或实际使用有限的武力以及其他方式来使另一國改变其自身行为。它是一种将武力威胁，有限地使用武力以及與讨价还价相结合的战略，其目的是诱使对手遵守自己的要求，或通过谈判达成最有利的妥协，同时管控危机以防止不必要的军事行動升级。 (zh)
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- 強制外交（きょうせいがいこう）とは、相手国の敵対的な行動を撤回させることを目的に、限定的な軍事力や威嚇を用いて行う外交政策である。 (ja)
- 強制外交是一國试图通过威胁使用武力或实际使用有限的武力以及其他方式来使另一國改变其自身行为。它是一种将武力威胁，有限地使用武力以及與讨价还价相结合的战略，其目的是诱使对手遵守自己的要求，或通过谈判达成最有利的妥协，同时管控危机以防止不必要的军事行動升级。 (zh)
- Compellence is a form of coercion that attempts to get an actor (such as a state) to change its behavior through threats to use force or the actual use of limited force. Compellence can be more clearly described as "a political-diplomatic strategy that aims to influence an adversary's will or incentive structure. It is a strategy that combines threats of force, and, if necessary, the limited and selective use of force in discrete and controlled increments, in a bargaining strategy that includes positive inducements. The aim is to induce an adversary to comply with one's demands, or to negotiate the most favorable compromise possible, while simultaneously managing the crisis to prevent unwanted military escalation." (en)
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- Compellence (en)
- 強制外交 (ja)
- 強制外交 (zh)
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