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- Clawhammer, sometimes called frailing, is a distinctive banjo playing style and a common component of American old-time music. The principal difference between clawhammer style and other styles is the picking direction. Traditional picking styles (classic banjo), including those for folk, bluegrass, and classical guitar, consist of an up-picking motion by the fingers and a down-picking motion by the thumb; this is also the technique used in the Scruggs style for the banjo. Clawhammer picking, by contrast, is primarily a down-picking style. The hand assumes a claw-like shape and the strumming finger is kept fairly stiff, striking the strings by the motion of the hand at the wrist and/or elbow, rather than a flicking motion by the finger. In its most common form on the banjo, only the thumb and middle or index finger are used and the finger always downpicks, hitting the string with the back of the fingernail. By contrast, the thumb rests on the fifth string with the downpick motion, and is often released in a lighter up-pick to create the distinctive clawhammer sound. Although much traditional clawhammer banjo playing is highly rhythmic, it typically includes elements of melody, harmony, rhythm and percussion. The varied playing styles emphasize these elements to different degrees, sometimes changing the emphasis during the performance of a single tune. The possibilities include sounding individual melodic notes, strumming harmonic chords, strumming and picking to produce rhythmic and percussive effects on the strings, as well as making percussive effects by brushing or thumping the thumb or fingers upon the banjo head or skin. This diverse range of musical sounds and effects gives clawhammer banjo its artistic solo potential in addition to its traditional role as a rhythmic accompaniment to other musicians. In particular, the duo of a fiddler playing melody alongside a driving clawhammer accompanist once served as a basic Appalachian dance band, as recalled by Ralph Stanley in his autobiography, Man of Constant Sorrow. (en)
- Le Clawhammer et le Frailing sont deux types de Picking utilisés en banjo (de type Open-Back de préférence) et, plus rarement, en guitare. Il existe néanmoins une différence entre le Clawhammer et le Frailing : si dans les deux cas, on utilise le pouce et l'index en attaquant les cordes de haut en bas, dans le cas du Clawhammer, on ne brosse pratiquement jamais d'accords, et le pouce peut frapper d'autres cordes que la cinquième. (fr)
- Clawhammer är en rytmisk teknik som används vid banjo-spel. Clawhammer utförs genom att strängarna slås an med naglarna i en neråt-rörelse, i kontrast till klassiska banjons uppåt-rörelse. Bastonen spelas vanligtvis off-beat, alltså på andra och fjärde slaget i en 4/4-takt. Clawhammer används även i mindre utsträckning på andra stränginstrument, främst gitarr och ukulele. (sv)
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- Le Clawhammer et le Frailing sont deux types de Picking utilisés en banjo (de type Open-Back de préférence) et, plus rarement, en guitare. Il existe néanmoins une différence entre le Clawhammer et le Frailing : si dans les deux cas, on utilise le pouce et l'index en attaquant les cordes de haut en bas, dans le cas du Clawhammer, on ne brosse pratiquement jamais d'accords, et le pouce peut frapper d'autres cordes que la cinquième. (fr)
- Clawhammer är en rytmisk teknik som används vid banjo-spel. Clawhammer utförs genom att strängarna slås an med naglarna i en neråt-rörelse, i kontrast till klassiska banjons uppåt-rörelse. Bastonen spelas vanligtvis off-beat, alltså på andra och fjärde slaget i en 4/4-takt. Clawhammer används även i mindre utsträckning på andra stränginstrument, främst gitarr och ukulele. (sv)
- Clawhammer, sometimes called frailing, is a distinctive banjo playing style and a common component of American old-time music. The principal difference between clawhammer style and other styles is the picking direction. Traditional picking styles (classic banjo), including those for folk, bluegrass, and classical guitar, consist of an up-picking motion by the fingers and a down-picking motion by the thumb; this is also the technique used in the Scruggs style for the banjo. Clawhammer picking, by contrast, is primarily a down-picking style. The hand assumes a claw-like shape and the strumming finger is kept fairly stiff, striking the strings by the motion of the hand at the wrist and/or elbow, rather than a flicking motion by the finger. In its most common form on the banjo, only the thumb (en)
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