About: 1950 United States Senate election in California

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The 1950 United States Senate election in California was held on November 7 of that year, following a campaign characterized by accusations and name-calling. Republican Congressman and future President Richard Nixon defeated Democrat Helen Gahagan Douglas, after Democratic incumbent Sheridan Downey withdrew during the primary election campaign. Douglas and Nixon each gave up their congressional seats to run against Downey; no other representatives were willing to risk the contest.

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  • The 1950 United States Senate election in California was held on November 7 of that year, following a campaign characterized by accusations and name-calling. Republican Congressman and future President Richard Nixon defeated Democrat Helen Gahagan Douglas, after Democratic incumbent Sheridan Downey withdrew during the primary election campaign. Douglas and Nixon each gave up their congressional seats to run against Downey; no other representatives were willing to risk the contest. Both Douglas and Nixon announced their candidacies in late 1949. In March 1950, Downey withdrew from a vicious primary battle with Douglas by announcing his retirement, after which Los Angeles Daily News publisher Manchester Boddy joined the race. Boddy attacked Douglas as a leftist and was the first to compare her to New York Congressman Vito Marcantonio, who was accused of being a communist. Boddy, Nixon, and Douglas each entered both party primaries, a practice known as cross-filing. In the Republican primary, Nixon was challenged only by cross-filers and fringe candidates. Nixon won the Republican primary and Douglas the Democratic contest, with each also finishing third in the other party's contest (Boddy finished second in both races). The contentious Democratic race left the party divided, and Democrats were slow to rally to Douglas—some even endorsed Nixon. The Korean War broke out only days after the primaries, and both Nixon and Douglas contended that the other had often voted with Marcantonio to the detriment of national security. Nixon's attacks were far more effective, and he won the November 7 general election by almost 20 percentage points, carrying 53 of California's 58 counties and all metropolitan areas. Though Nixon was later criticized for his tactics in the campaign, he defended his actions, and also stated that Douglas's positions were too far to the left for California voters. Other reasons for the result have been suggested, ranging from tepid support for Douglas from President Truman and his administration to the reluctance of voters in 1950 to elect a woman. The campaign gave rise to two political nicknames, both coined by Boddy or making their first appearance in his newspaper: "the Pink Lady" for Douglas and "Tricky Dick" for Nixon. (en)
  • Выборы в Сенат США от Калифорнии прошли 7 ноября 1950 года. Предвыборная кампания сопровождалась взаимными обвинениями и оскорблениями. Кандидат республиканской партии, Конгрессмен Ричард Никсон победил кандидата от демократов, Хелен Гаган Дуглас. Действующий сенатор-демократ Шеридан Доуни на очередной срок не баллотировался — он выбыл из гонки ещё на стадии праймериз. Никсон и Дуглас объявили о своём участии в выборах ещё в конце 1949 года. В марте 1950 действующий сенатор Доуни объявил, что завершает политическую карьеру. После этого, о своей кандидатуре объявил издатель газеты «Los Angeles Daily News» Манчестер Боди. На стадии праймериз Боди часто отмечал, что взгляды Дуглас «чересчур левые». Именно он первым сравнил Дуглас и конгрессмена из Нью-Йорка Вито Маркантонио (Маркантонио часто обвиняли в приверженности к коммунистическим идеям). Праймериз у республиканцев были менее конкурентными: Никсон был явным фаворитом и серьезной оппозиции не имел. Никсон и Дуглас выиграли праймериз республиканской и демократической партии соответственно, Манчестер Боди же занял второе место. Из-за конкурентных праймериз, демократы были разделены на два лагеря; многие видные деятели демократической партии отказались поддержать Дуглас, а некоторые и вовсе публично объявили, что поддерживают Никсона. Через несколько дней после праймериз обеих партии, началась Корейская война. На всеобщих выборах 7 ноября Никсон одержал уверенную победу (59.23 % голосов против 40,76 %) и выиграл в 53-ех из 58-и округов Калифорнии. Никсона критиковали за стратегию его кампании, однако, он защищал свой действия и заявлял, что взгляды Дуглас были слишком левыми для избирателей Калифорнии. К причинам поражения Дуглас также причисляют незначительную поддержку со стороны администрации президента Трумэна, а также неготовность избирателей в 1950 году избрать женщину в Сенат. (ru)
  • A eleição do ano 1950 para o Senado dos Estados Unidos na Califórnia, seguido de uma campanha caracterizada por acusações e xingamentos. O republicano Richard Nixon derrotou a Democrata Helen Gahagan Douglas, após o Democrática incumbente Sheridan Downey retirou-se durante o primeiro turno da campanha. Douglas e Nixon, desistiram dos seus assentos congregacionais para concorrer contra Downey; outros representantes não estavam dispostos a arriscar a disputa. Ambos Douglas e Nixon anunciou sua candidatura no final de 1949. Em Março de 1950 Downey retirou-se de um vicio principal batalha com Douglas ao anunciar sua aposentadoria, após o editor do , Manchester Boddy entrar na corrida. Boddy ataca Douglas como uma esquerdista e foi o primeiro a comparar a ela ao congressista de Nova York Vitor Marcantonio, que foi acusado de ser comunista. Nixon venceu as primárias Republicanas e Douglas a Democrática. Após as primarias o Partido Democrata ficou dividido e os Democratas demoraram para apoiar Douglas—alguns até endossaram Nixon. A Guerra da Coreia eclodiu apenas alguns dias depois de as primárias, e ambos Nixon e Douglas afirma-se que o outro tinha, muitas vezes, votaram com Marcantonio, em detrimento da segurança nacional. Os ataques de Nixon foram muito mais eficaz, e venceu em 7 de novembro, eleição geral por quase 20 pontos percentuais, levando 53 da Califórnia 58 condados e todas as áreas metropolitanas. Mas Nixon foi posteriormente criticado por suas táticas na campanha, ele defendeu suas ações, e também afirmou que as posições de Douglas foram muito longe para a esquerda para os eleitores da Califórnia. Outras razões para o resultado tem sido sugerido, que vão desde o fraco suporte para Douglas do Presidente Truman e sua administração para a relutância dos eleitores, em 1950, para eleger uma mulher. A campanha deu origem a dois memorável político apelidos, tanto cunhado por Boddy ou fazendo sua primeira aparição em seu jornal: "Pink Lady" para Douglas e "Tricky Dick" para Nixon. (pt)
  • 1950年加利福尼亚州联邦参议员选举是一场混合着指责和谩骂，充满争议的选举。在任民主党联邦参议员谢里登·唐尼在初选期间宣布放弃并退休，之后共和党候选人理查德·尼克松在普选中击败了民主党对手海伦·嘉哈根·道格拉斯。道格拉斯和尼克松均放弃了各自的联邦众议员席位参加竞选，没有其他任何一位众议员甘愿冒险进行这样的较量。 道格拉斯和尼克松都是在1949年下半年宣布参选。1950年3月，唐尼宣布退休，退出了自己和道格拉斯激烈的初选战，洛杉矶《》出版商（Manchester Boddy）加入了竞选。博迪攻击道格拉斯是个左派分子，并将她与纽约州联邦众议员（Vito Marcantonio）相比较，后者当时被许多人认为是共产主义者。博迪、尼克松和道格拉斯都通过制度同时参加了民主、共和两党的初选。其中尼克松在共和党初选中的对手只有跨党竞选和毫无胜算的候选人。 尼克松和道格拉斯分别赢得了各自党派的初选，并且都在对方党派初选中名列第三位，而博迪在两场初选中都屈居亚军。民主党激烈的初选导致党派的分裂，甚至有部分人选择支持尼克松。初选结束几天后，朝鲜战争爆发。尼克松和道格拉斯都指控对方与马尔坎托尼奥投票立场相同，损害国家安全。但前者的攻击显然远较后者有效，他在11月7日的普选中以近20个百分点的大幅优势取胜，赢得了全州58个县中的53个，并且在所有的城市地区获胜。 尼克松在竞选中所使用的策略之后受到了批评，但他为自己的行为辩护，声称道格拉斯的立场对于加州选民来说过分偏左。对于这次选举结果还有着不同的解释，例如当时的美国总统哈里·S·杜鲁门及其下属的行政部门对道格拉斯只给予了不温不火的支持，1950年时的选民也不是很愿意投票支持一位女性。这次选举给两位候选人都各带来了一个伴随其余生的政治绰号：道格拉斯的“粉红女郎”和尼克松的“狡猾的迪克”。 (zh)
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  • 1950 United States Senate election in California (en)
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  • The 1950 United States Senate election in California was held on November 7 of that year, following a campaign characterized by accusations and name-calling. Republican Congressman and future President Richard Nixon defeated Democrat Helen Gahagan Douglas, after Democratic incumbent Sheridan Downey withdrew during the primary election campaign. Douglas and Nixon each gave up their congressional seats to run against Downey; no other representatives were willing to risk the contest. (en)
  • A eleição do ano 1950 para o Senado dos Estados Unidos na Califórnia, seguido de uma campanha caracterizada por acusações e xingamentos. O republicano Richard Nixon derrotou a Democrata Helen Gahagan Douglas, após o Democrática incumbente Sheridan Downey retirou-se durante o primeiro turno da campanha. Douglas e Nixon, desistiram dos seus assentos congregacionais para concorrer contra Downey; outros representantes não estavam dispostos a arriscar a disputa. (pt)
  • Выборы в Сенат США от Калифорнии прошли 7 ноября 1950 года. Предвыборная кампания сопровождалась взаимными обвинениями и оскорблениями. Кандидат республиканской партии, Конгрессмен Ричард Никсон победил кандидата от демократов, Хелен Гаган Дуглас. Действующий сенатор-демократ Шеридан Доуни на очередной срок не баллотировался — он выбыл из гонки ещё на стадии праймериз. (ru)
  • 1950年加利福尼亚州联邦参议员选举是一场混合着指责和谩骂，充满争议的选举。在任民主党联邦参议员谢里登·唐尼在初选期间宣布放弃并退休，之后共和党候选人理查德·尼克松在普选中击败了民主党对手海伦·嘉哈根·道格拉斯。道格拉斯和尼克松均放弃了各自的联邦众议员席位参加竞选，没有其他任何一位众议员甘愿冒险进行这样的较量。 道格拉斯和尼克松都是在1949年下半年宣布参选。1950年3月，唐尼宣布退休，退出了自己和道格拉斯激烈的初选战，洛杉矶《》出版商（Manchester Boddy）加入了竞选。博迪攻击道格拉斯是个左派分子，并将她与纽约州联邦众议员（Vito Marcantonio）相比较，后者当时被许多人认为是共产主义者。博迪、尼克松和道格拉斯都通过制度同时参加了民主、共和两党的初选。其中尼克松在共和党初选中的对手只有跨党竞选和毫无胜算的候选人。 尼克松和道格拉斯分别赢得了各自党派的初选，并且都在对方党派初选中名列第三位，而博迪在两场初选中都屈居亚军。民主党激烈的初选导致党派的分裂，甚至有部分人选择支持尼克松。初选结束几天后，朝鲜战争爆发。尼克松和道格拉斯都指控对方与马尔坎托尼奥投票立场相同，损害国家安全。但前者的攻击显然远较后者有效，他在11月7日的普选中以近20个百分点的大幅优势取胜，赢得了全州58个县中的53个，并且在所有的城市地区获胜。 (zh)
rdfs:label
  • 1950 United States Senate election in California (en)
  • Eleição para o Senado dos Estados Unidos na Califórnia em 1950 (pt)
  • Выборы в Сенат США от Калифорнии (1950) (ru)
  • 1950年加利福尼亚州联邦参议员选举 (zh)
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