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The best writing on mathematics 2020. (English) Zbl 1460.00045

Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (ISBN 978-0-691-20757-5/hbk; 978-0-691-20756-8/pbk; 978-0-691-21365-1/ebook). xiv, 228 p. (2020).
Eleventh in a series. It would be of little use to review this remarkable book by simply stating “It contains 20 articles considered by Mircea Pitici to be the The Best Writing on Mathematics for 2020.” First, the articles in the book are from late 2018 through 2019. Second, “The Best” is apparently with respect to the judgment of the editor. However, the articles are certainly interesting and engaging. In my view, it is likely that the title is correct. I also believe that most of the articles will be of interest to any one at least at the level of an undergraduate mathematics major. There are also 16 beautiful color plates as well as lists of 229 other notable writings and 28 notable journal issues. The editor provides brief overviews of each article and this review liberally quotes or paraphrases those summaries. Outsmarting a Virus with Math by Steven Strogatz. In this pre-COVID-19 article, the author “recounts the little-known contribution of differential equations to virology during the HIV crisis and makes the case for considering calculus among the heroes of modern life.” Uncertainty by Peter J. Denning and Ted G. Lewis “examines the genealogy, the progress, and the limitations of complexity theory – a set of principles developed by mathematicians and physicists who attempt to tame the uncertainty of social and natural processes.” The Inescapable Casino by Bruce M. Boghosian “describes how a series of simulations carried out to model the long-term outcome of economic interactions based on free-market exchanges inexorably leads to extreme inequality and to the oligarchical concentration of wealth.” Resolving the Fuel Economy Singularity by Stan Wagon “points out the harmonic average intricacies, the practical paradoxes, and the policy implications that result from using the miles-per-gallon measure for the fuel economy of hybrid cars.” He shows why gallons-per-mile or kilowatt-hour-per-100-miles are superior measures. The Median Voter Theorem: Why Politicians Move to the Center by Jørgen Veisdal “details some of the comparative reasoning supposed to take place in majoritarian democracies – resulting in electoral strategies that lead candidates toward the center of the political spectrum.” In the autobiographical piece, The Math That Takes Newton into the Quantum World, John Baez “narrates the convoluted professional path that took him, over many years, closer and closer to algebraic geometry – a branch of mathematics that offers insights into the relationship between classical mechanics and quantum physics.” Decades-Old Computer Science Conjecture Solved in Two Pages by Erica Klarreich explains how Hao Huang used the combinatorics of cube nodes to give a succinct and first proof to the nearly 30-year-old sensitivity conjecture about Boolean functions in computer science. The Three-Body Problem by Richard Montgomery discusses the author’s international quest for partial solutions to the three-body problem and his findings. The Intrigues and Delights of Kleinian Quasi-Fuchsian Limit Sets by Chris King “describes the algebraic iterations that lead to families of fractal-like, visually stunning geometric configurations and stand at the confluence of multiple research area in mathematics.” Six figures are included in the color plates. In Mathematical Treasures from Sid Sackson, Jim Henle describes three paper and pencil games, a solitaire card game, and a word game – all of which I plan to play with my grandchildren. In The Amazing Math Inside the Rubik’s Cube, Dave Linkletter “breaks the classic Rubik’s cube apart and, using the mechanics of the cube’s skeleton, counts for us the total number of possible configurations. He then reviews a collection of mathematical questions posed by the toy – some answered and some still open.” What is a Hyperbolic 3-Manifold? by Colin Adams “introduces with examples, defines, and discusses several important properties of the hyperbolic 3-manifold, a geometric notion both common to our physical environment and difficult to understand in its full generality.” Higher Dimensional Geometries: What Are They Good For? By Boris Odehnal is a survey of higher dimensional geometries that includes physical models and a discussion of interpolation with ruled/channel surfaces, surface reconstruction, motion planning, and interpolation. Who Mourns the Tenth Heeger Number? by James Propp is a history of several theorems that prove non-existence – from Euclid’s proof that a last prime number does not exist to Heegar’s proof that Heegar numbers beyond the ninth do not exist. Heegar numbers are the negatives of the numbers, \(d\), for which the imaginary quadratic field \(Q(\sqrt d)\) has class number equal to 1. On Your Mark, Get Set, Multiply by Patrick Honner concerns the efficiency of positive integer multiplication algorithms and provides a complete treatment of the method introduced by Anatoly Karatsuba in 1960. In 1994, the Year Calculus Was Born, Ben Orlin “combines his drawing and teaching talents to prove that ignorance of widely known mathematics can be both hilariously ridiculous and academically rewarding!” Gauss’s Computation of the Easter Date by David Teets is a detailed presentation of Gauss’s algorithm for calculating the Easter date. Gauss’s paper of 1800 contains an error, which Gauss himself corrected in an overlooked paper in 1816. In Mathematical Knowledge and Reality, Paul Thagard “proposes five conjectures (and many more puzzling questions) on the workings of mathematics in the mind and society and formulates an eclectic metaphysics that affirms both realistic and fictional qualities of mathematics.” In The Ins and Outs of Mathematical Explanation, Mark Colyvan “asserts that explanation in mathematics – unlike explanation in sciences and in general – is neither causal nor deductive, instead, depending on the context, mathematical explanation provides either local insights that connect similar mathematical situations or global answers that arise from non-mathematical phenomena.” In Statistical Intervals, Not Statistical Significance, Gerald J. Hahn, Necip Doganaksoy, and William Q. Meeker argue that there is an important place for statistical inference beyond significance testing and \(p < 0.05\). Supported by examples regarding the effect of sample size, they propose the use of statistical intervals instead.

MSC:

00B15 Collections of articles of miscellaneous specific interest
00B60 Collections of reprinted articles
00A09 Popularization of mathematics
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