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Arbitrage bounds for prices of weighted variance swaps. (English) Zbl 1314.91209

Summary: We develop a theory of robust pricing and hedging of a weighted variance swap given market prices for a finite number of co-maturing put options. We assume the put option prices do not admit arbitrage and deduce no-arbitrage bounds on the weighted variance swap along with super- and sub-replicating strategies that enforce them. We find that market quotes for variance swaps are surprisingly close to the model-free lower bounds we determine. We solve the problem by transforming it into an analogous question for a European option with a convex payoff. The lower bound becomes a problem in semi-infinite linear programming which we solve in detail. The upper bound is explicit. We work in a model-independent and probability-free setup. In particular, we use and extend Föllmer’s pathwise stochastic calculus. Appropriate notions of arbitrage and admissibility are introduced. This allows us to establish the usual hedging relation between the variance swap and the “log contract” and similar connections for weighted variance swaps. Our results take the form of a FTAP: we show that the absence of (weak) arbitrage is equivalent to the existence of a classical model which reproduces the observed prices via risk-neutral expectations of discounted payoffs.

MSC:

91G20 Derivative securities (option pricing, hedging, etc.)
90C90 Applications of mathematical programming
60H30 Applications of stochastic analysis (to PDEs, etc.)

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