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Planar rotational equilibria of two nonidentical microswimmers. (English) Zbl 1505.76136

Summary: We derive a closed analytical form of planar rotational equilibria that exist in the three-dimensional motion of two hydrodynamically coupled nonidentical microswimmers, each modeled as a force dipole with intrinsic self-propulsion. Using the method of images for zero Reynolds number flows near interfaces, we demonstrate that our results remain equally applicable at a stress-free liquid-gas interface as in the bulk of a fluid. For a pair of two pullers and a pair of two pushers the linear stability of the equilibria is analyzed with respect to two- and three-dimensional perturbations. A universal stability diagram of the orbits with respect to two-dimensional perturbations is constructed and it is shown that two nonidentical pushers or two nonidentical pullers moving at a stress-free interface may form a stable rotational equilibrium. For two nonidentical pullers we find stable quasi-periodic localized states, associated with the motion on a two-dimensional torus in the phase space. Stable tori are born from the circular periodic orbits as the result of a torus bifurcation. All stable equilibria in two dimensions are shown to be monotonically unstable with respect to three-dimensional perturbations.

MSC:

76Z10 Biopropulsion in water and in air
76E99 Hydrodynamic stability
76D99 Incompressible viscous fluids
76T10 Liquid-gas two-phase flows, bubbly flows
37N10 Dynamical systems in fluid mechanics, oceanography and meteorology

Software:

Torcont; HomCont; AUTO

References:

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