Classifying local anisotropy formed by rigid molecules: symmetries and tensors. (English) Zbl 1457.76019
Summary: We consider an infinitesimal volume where there are many rigid molecules of the same kind and discuss the description and classification of the local anisotropy in this volume by tensors. First, we examine the symmetry of a rigid molecule, which is described by a point group in SO(3). For each point group in SO(3), we find the tensors invariant under the rotations in the group. These tensors shall be symmetric and traceless. We write down the explicit expressions. The order parameters to describe the local anisotropy are then chosen as some of the invariant tensors averaged about the density function. Next, we discuss the classification of local anisotropy by the symmetry of the whole infinitesimal volume. This mesoscopic symmetry can be recognized by the value of the order parameter tensors in the sense of maximum entropy state. For some sets of order parameter tensors involving different molecular symmetries, we give the classification of mesoscopic symmetries, in which the threefold, fourfold, and polyhedral symmetries are examined.
MSC:
| 76A02 | Foundations of fluid mechanics |
| 76A15 | Liquid crystals |
| 82D30 | Statistical mechanics of random media, disordered materials (including liquid crystals and spin glasses) |
| 22E70 | Applications of Lie groups to the sciences; explicit representations |
Keywords:
liquid crystal; molecular symmetry; mesoscopic symmetry; symmetric traceless tensor; group SO(3)References:
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