Summary: By using a Chebyshev orthogonal neural network, we propose a robust adaptive synchronization method for a class of uncertain chaotic systems. The structure of the orthogonal function neural network is first introduced, and then, the principle of orthogonal neural network is analyzed by using Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials. We derive the adaptive rule for the weights of neural network by using Lyapunov stability theorem, and ensure that both adapted weight errors and the tracking error are bounded. The simulation results show that the proposed approach can effectively eliminate disruption of perturbation. Finally, a Lorenz system is employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the simulation results are shown in the end of this paper.