×

Fontaine’s forgotten method for inexact differential equations. (English) Zbl 1398.34006

Summary: In 1739 Alexis-Claude Clairaut published the modern integrating factor method of solving inexact ordinary differential equations (ODEs). He was motivated by a 1738 Alexis Fontaine paper with a different method which requires solving a difficult partial differential equation (PDE). Here we revisit Fontaine’s method, examine his modest attempt to solve the PDE, and utilize a different technique to give (we believe) the first family of ODEs solvable by Fontaine’s method with no obvious solution using the modern technique.

MSC:

34A05 Explicit solutions, first integrals of ordinary differential equations
Full Text: DOI

References:

[1] J. Bernoulli, De integrationibus aequationum differentilium ubi traditur methodi alicuius specimen integrandi sine praevia separatione indeterminatarum, Comm. Acad. Sci. Petrop. 1 (1728) 167-184.
[2] A. C. Clairaut, Recherches générales sur le calcul intégral, Hist. Acad. R. Sci. Avec Mem. Math. Phys. Registres CetteAcad. (1739) 425-436.
[3] A. C. Clairaut, F. Nichole, Mrs. Nicole en Clairaus ons parlé ainsi sur un Ecris de M. Fontaine (sic.) Le Calcul Integral, Acad. R. Sci. Registre Procès-Verbaux (1739) 20-21.
[4] F. deDuillier, Letter from deDuillier to Huygens, No. 2465, in Oeuvres complètes de Christiaan Huygens. Vol. 9 Societé Holliandaise Des Sciences, 1901.
[5] L. Euler, De infinitis curvis eiusdem generis seu methodus inveniendi aequationes pro infinitis curvis eiusdem generis, Comm. Acad. Petrop. 7 (1740) 174-189.
[6] L. Euler, De integratione aequationum differentialium, Novi Comm. Acad. Petrop. 8 (1763) 3-63.
[7] A. Fontaine, Mémoires Donnés à l’Académie Royale des Sciences, Non Imprimés Dans Leur Temps.Paris, 1764.
[8] A. Fontaine, Traité de Calcul Différentiel et Intégral.Paris, 1770.
[9] J. L. Greenberg, Alex Fontaine’s ‘fluxio-differential method’ and the origins of the calculus of several variables, Ann. Sci. 38 (1981) 251-290. · Zbl 0457.01002
[10] J. L. Greenberg, Alexis Fontaine’s integration of ordinary differential equations and the origins of the calculus of several variables, Ann. Sci. 39 (1982) 1-36. · Zbl 0479.01005
[11] E. L. Ince, Ordinary Differential Equations.Dover Press, New York, 1944. · Zbl 0063.02971
[12] D. Jardine, The origins of integrating factors, in Mathematical Time Capsules. Historical Modules for the Mathematics Classoom. Ed. D. Jardine and A. Shell-Gellasch. No. 77. MAA Notes, MAA Press, Washington DC, 2011. · Zbl 1231.00030
[13] G. W. Leibniz, Mathematische Schriften, in Briefwechsel Zwischen Leibniz, Huygens van Zulichem, un dem Marquis de l’Hospital. Ed. C. I. Gerhardt. Halle, 1850.
[14] I. Newton, The Method of Fluxions and Infinite Series.John Nourse, 1736.
[15] D. Zill, A First Course in Differential Equations: The Classic Fifth Edition.Cengage, Pacific Grove, CA, 2000.
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.