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On Kottler’s path: origin and evolution of the premetric program in gravity and in electrodynamics. (English) Zbl 1351.78003

Summary: In 1922, F. Kottler put forward the program to remove the gravitational potential, the metric of spacetime, from the fundamental equations in physics as far as possible [Wien. Ber. 131, 119–146 (1922; JFM 48.1034.01) and ibid. 131, 1–14 (1922; JFM 48.1033.02)]. He successfully applied this idea to Newton’s gravitostatics and to Maxwell’s electrodynamics, where Kottler recast the field equations in premetric form and specified a metric-dependent constitutive law. We will discuss the basics of the premetric approach and some of its beautiful consequences, like the division of universal constants into two classes. We show that classical electrodynamics can be developed without a metric quite straightforwardly: the Maxwell equations, together with a local and linear response law for electromagnetic media, admit a consistent premetric formulation. Kottler’s program succeeds here without provisos. In Kottler’s approach to gravity, making the theory relativistic, two premetric quasi-Maxwellian field equations arise, but their field variables, if interpreted in terms of general relativity, do depend on the metric. However, one can hope to bring the Kottler idea to work by using the teleparallelism equivalent of general relativity, where the gravitational potential, the coframe, can be chosen in a premetric way.

MSC:

78A25 Electromagnetic theory (general)
83C50 Electromagnetic fields in general relativity and gravitational theory
78A40 Waves and radiation in optics and electromagnetic theory

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