×

Shadows and rings of the Kehagias-Sfetsos black hole surrounded by thin disk accretion. (English) Zbl 1485.83080

Summary: In this paper, under the illumination of thin disk accretion, we have employed the ray-tracing method to carefully investigate shadows and rings of the Kehagias-Sfetsos(KS) black hole in deformed Hořava-Lifshitz(HL) gravity. The results show that the event horizon \(r_+\), the radius \(r_p\) and impact parameter \(b_p\) of photon sphere are all decreased with the increase of the HL parameter \(\omega\), but the effective potential increases. And, it also turns out that the trajectories of light rays emitted from the north pole direction are defined as the direct emission, lensing ring and photon ring of KS black hole, on the basis of orbits \(n = \phi/2\pi\). As black hole surrounded by thin disk accretion, we show that the corresponding transfer functions have their values increased with the parameter \(\omega\). More importantly, we also find that the direct emissions always dominate the total observed intensity, while lensing rings as a thin ring make a very small contribution and photon ring as a extremely narrow ring make a negligible contribution, for all three toy-model functions. In view of this, the results finally imply that shadows and rings as the observational appearance of KS black hole exhibit some obvious interesting features, which might be regarded as an effective way to distinguish black holes in HL gravity from the Schwarzschild black hole.

MSC:

83C57 Black holes
83D05 Relativistic gravitational theories other than Einstein’s, including asymmetric field theories
83C50 Electromagnetic fields in general relativity and gravitational theory
78A45 Diffraction, scattering
81V80 Quantum optics
62H30 Classification and discrimination; cluster analysis (statistical aspects)

References:

[1] Hawking, S. W., Black holes in general relativity, Commun. Math. Phys., 25, 152-166 (1972) · doi:10.1007/BF01877517
[2] Bekenstein, J. D., Black holes and the second law, Lett. Nuovo Cim., 4, 737-740 (1972) · doi:10.1007/BF02757029
[3] Bardeen, James M.; Carter, B.; Hawking, S. W., The Four laws of black hole mechanics, Commun. Math. Phys., 31, 161-170 (1973) · Zbl 1125.83309 · doi:10.1007/BF01645742
[4] Bekenstein, Jacob D., Black holes and entropy, Phys. Rev. D, 7, 2333-2346 (1973) · Zbl 1369.83037 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.7.2333
[5] Hawking, S. W., Black hole explosions, Nature, 248, 30-31 (1974) · Zbl 1370.83053 · doi:10.1038/248030a0
[6] R.M. Wald, Quantum Field Theory in Curved SpaceTime and Black Hole Thermodynamics, Chicago Lectures in Physics, University of Chicago Press, Chicago U.S.A. (1995). · Zbl 0842.53052
[7] LIGO Scientific, Virgo Collaboration; Abbott, B. P., Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger, Phys. Rev. Lett., 116 (2016) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102
[8] Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration; Akiyama, Kazunori, First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole, Astrophys. J. Lett., 875, L1 (2019) · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7
[9] Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration; Akiyama, Kazunori, First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation, Astrophys. J. Lett., 875, L2 (2019) · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c96
[10] Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration; Akiyama, Kazunori, First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration, Astrophys. J. Lett., 875, L3 (2019) · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c57
[11] Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration; Akiyama, Kazunori, First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole, Astrophys. J. Lett., 875, L4 (2019) · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0e85
[12] Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration; Akiyama, Kazunori, First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring, Astrophys. J. Lett., 875, L5 (2019) · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0f43
[13] Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration; Akiyama, Kazunori, First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole, Astrophys. J. Lett., 875, L6 (2019) · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab1141
[14] Wang, Mingzhi; Chen, Songbai; Jing, Jiliang, Shadow casted by a Konoplya-Zhidenko rotating non-Kerr black hole, JCAP, 10 (2017) · Zbl 1515.83177 · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2017/10/051
[15] Huang, Yang; Chen, Songbai; Jing, Jiliang, Double shadow of a regular phantom black hole as photons couple to the Weyl tensor, Eur. Phys. J. C, 76, 594 (2016) · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4442-9
[16] M. Guo and P-C. Li, Innermost stable circular orbit and shadow of the 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black hole, Eur. Phys. J. C80 (2020) 588 [2003.02523] [Inspire]. · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8164-7
[17] X. Wang, P-C. Li, C-Y. Zhang and M. Guo, Novel shadows from the asymmetric thin-shell wormhole, Phys. Lett. B 811 (2020) 135930 [2007.03327] [Inspire]. · Zbl 1475.83099 · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135930
[18] Hu, Zezhou; Zhong, Zhen; Li, Peng-Cheng; Guo, Minyong; Chen, Bin, QED effect on a black hole shadow, Phys. Rev. D, 103 (2021) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.044057
[19] Jusufi, Kimet; Azreg-Aïnou, Mustapha; Jamil, Mubasher; Wei, Shao-Wen; Wu, Qiang; Wang, Anzhong, Quasinormal modes, quasiperiodic oscillations, and the shadow of rotating regular black holes in nonminimally coupled Einstein-Yang-Mills theory, Phys. Rev. D, 103 (2021) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.024013
[20] Wei, Shao-Wen; Liu, Yu-Xiao, Testing the nature of Gauss-Bonnet gravity by four-dimensional rotating black hole shadow, Eur. Phys. J. Plus, 136, 436 (2021) · doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01398-9
[21] Wang, Hui-Min; Xu, Yu-Meng; Wei, Shao-Wen, Shadows of Kerr-like black holes in a modified gravity theory, JCAP, 03 (2019) · Zbl 1542.83015 · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2019/03/046
[22] Wei, Shao-Wen; Liu, Yu-Xiao, Observing the shadow of Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion black hole, JCAP, 11 (2013) · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2013/11/063
[23] Wang, Mingzhi; Chen, Songbai; Jing, Jiliang, Kerr Black hole shadows in Melvin magnetic field (2021)
[24] Long, Fen; Chen, Songbai; Wang, Mingzhi; Jing, Jiliang, Shadow of a disformal Kerr black hole in quadratic degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor theories, Eur. Phys. J. C, 80, 1180 (2020) · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08744-8
[25] Long, Fen; Wang, Jieci; Chen, Songbai; Jing, Jiliang, Shadow of a rotating squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole, JHEP, 10, 269 (2019) · Zbl 1427.83088 · doi:10.1007/JHEP10(2019)269
[26] Wang, Mingzhi; Chen, Songbai; Wang, Jieci; Jing, Jiliang, Shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a Bach-Weyl ring, Eur. Phys. J. C, 80, 110 (2020) · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7641-3
[27] Wang, Mingzhi; Chen, Songbai; Jing, Jiliang, Chaotic shadow of a non-Kerr rotating compact object with quadrupole mass moment, Phys. Rev. D, 98 (2018) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.98.104040
[28] Wang, Mingzhi; Chen, Songbai; Jing, Jiliang, Shadows of Bonnor black dihole by chaotic lensing, Phys. Rev. D, 97 (2018) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.97.064029
[29] Lee, Bum-Hoon; Lee, Wonwoo; Myung, Yun Soo, Shadow cast by a rotating black hole with anisotropic matter, Phys. Rev. D, 103 (2021) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.064026
[30] M. Zhang and J. Jiang, NUT charges and black hole shadows, Phys. Lett. B 816 (2021) 136213 [2101.11416] [Inspire]. · Zbl 07408686 · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136213
[31] Lima Junior., Haroldo C. D.; Crispino, Luís C. B.; Cunha, Pedro V. P.; Herdeiro, Carlos A. R., Can different black holes cast the same shadow?, Phys. Rev. D, 103 (2021) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.084040
[32] Guerrero, Merce; Olmo, Gonzalo J.; Rubiera-Garcia, Diego, Double shadows of reflection-asymmetric wormholes supported by positive energy thin-shells, JCAP, 04 (2021) · Zbl 1485.83095 · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/04/066
[33] Yang, Huan, Relating Black Hole Shadow to Quasinormal Modes for Rotating Black Holes, Phys. Rev. D, 103 (2021) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.084010
[34] Bambhaniya, Parth; Dey, Dipanjan; Joshi, Ashok B.; Joshi, Pankaj S.; Solanki, Divyesh N.; Mehta, Aadarsh, Shadows and negative precession in non-Kerr spacetime, Phys. Rev. D, 103 (2021) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.084005
[35] Jha, Sohan Kumar; Rahaman, Anisur, Bumblebee gravity with a Kerr-Sen-like solution and its Shadow, Eur. Phys. J. C, 81, 345 (2021) · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09132-6
[36] Ghasemi-Nodehi, M.; Azreg-Aïnou, Mustapha; Jusufi, Kimet; Jamil, Mubasher, Shadow, quasinormal modes, and quasiperiodic oscillations of rotating Kaluza-Klein black holes, Phys. Rev. D, 102 (2020) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.104032
[37] Zhang, Ming; Jiang, Jie, Shadows of accelerating black holes, Phys. Rev. D, 103 (2021) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.025005
[38] Jafarzade, Khadije; Kord Zangeneh, Mahdi; Lobo, Francisco S. N., Shadow, deflection angle and quasinormal modes of Born-Infeld charged black holes, JCAP, 04 (2021) · Zbl 1485.83077 · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/04/008
[39] Dey, Dipanjan; Shaikh, Rajibul; Joshi, Pankaj S., Shadow of nulllike and timelike naked singularities without photon spheres, Phys. Rev. D, 103 (2021) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.024015
[40] A. Belhaj, H. Belmahi, M. Benali, W.E. Hadri, H.E. Moumni and E. Torrente-Luja, Shadows of 5D black holes from string theory, Phys. Lett. B 812 (2021) 136025 [2008.13478] [Inspire]. · Zbl 1476.83072 · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2020.136025
[41] Guo, Yang; Miao, Yan-Gang, Null geodesics, quasinormal modes and the correspondence with shadows in high-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills spacetimes, Phys. Rev. D, 102 (2020) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.084057
[42] Guo, Hong; Liu, Hang; Kuang, Xiao-Mei; Wang, Bin, Acoustic black hole in Schwarzschild spacetime: quasi-normal modes, analogous Hawking radiation and shadows, Phys. Rev. D, 102 (2020) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.124019
[43] S.G. Ghosh, M. Amir and S.D. Maharaj, Ergosphere and shadow of a rotating regular black hole, Nucl. Phys. B 957 (2020) 115088 [2006.07570] [Inspire]. · Zbl 1473.83048 · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2020.115088
[44] Belhaj, A.; Benali, M.; El Balali, A.; El Moumni, H.; Ennadifi, S. E., Deflection angle and shadow behaviors of quintessential black holes in arbitrary dimensions, Class. Quant. Grav., 37 (2020) · Zbl 1479.83118 · doi:10.1088/1361-6382/abbaa9
[45] Chang, Zhe; Zhu, Qing-Hua, Does the shape of the shadow of a black hole depend on motional status of an observer?, Phys. Rev. D, 102 (2020) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.044012
[46] Jusufi, Kimet; Amir, Muhammed; Ali, Md Sabir; Maharaj, Sunil D., Quasinormal modes, shadow and greybody factors of 5D electrically charged Bardeen black holes, Phys. Rev. D, 102 (2020) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.064020
[47] B. Cuadros-Melgar, R.D.B. Fontana and J. de Oliveira, Analytical correspondence between shadow radius and black hole quasinormal frequencies, Phys. Lett. B 811 (2020) 135966 [2005.09761] [Inspire]. · Zbl 1475.83062 · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135966
[48] Badía, Javier; Eiroa, Ernesto F., Influence of an anisotropic matter field on the shadow of a rotating black hole, Phys. Rev. D, 102 (2020) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.024066
[49] Cardoso, Vitor; Duque, Francisco; Foschi, Arianna, Light ring and the appearance of matter accreted by black holes, Phys. Rev. D, 103 (2021) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.104044
[50] Papnoi, Uma; Atamurotov, Farruh; Ghosh, Sushant G.; Ahmedov, Bobomurat, Shadow of five-dimensional rotating Myers-Perry black hole, Phys. Rev. D, 90 (2014) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.90.024073
[51] Atamurotov, Farruh; Abdujabbarov, Ahmadjon; Ahmedov, Bobomurat, Shadow of rotating non-Kerr black hole, Phys. Rev. D, 88 (2013) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.88.064004
[52] J.M. Bardeen, in Black Holes (Les Astres Occlus), C. DeWitt and B.S. DeWitt eds., Gordon and Breach, New York U.S.A. (1973), pg. 215.
[53] S. Chandrasekhar, The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes, Oxford University Press, Oxford U.K. (1983). · Zbl 0511.53076
[54] Narayan, Ramesh; Johnson, Michael D.; Gammie, Charles F., The Shadow of a Spherically Accreting Black Hole, Astrophys. J. Lett., 885, L33 (2019) · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab518c
[55] Gralla, Samuel E.; Holz, Daniel E.; Wald, Robert M., Black Hole Shadows, Photon Rings, and Lensing Rings, Phys. Rev. D, 100 (2019) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.100.024018
[56] Zeng, Xiao-Xiong; Zhang, Hai-Qing, Influence of quintessence dark energy on the shadow of black hole, Eur. Phys. J. C, 80, 1058 (2020) · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08656-7
[57] Zeng, Xiao-Xiong; Zhang, Hai-Qing; Zhang, Hongbao, Shadows and photon spheres with spherical accretions in the four-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet black hole, Eur. Phys. J. C, 80, 872 (2020) · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08449-y
[58] Peng, Jun; Guo, Minyong; Feng, Xing-Hui, Influence of Quantum Correction on the Black Hole Shadows, Photon Rings and Lensing Rings (2020)
[59] He, Ke-Jian; Guo, Sen; Tan, Shuang-Cheng; Li, Guo-Ping, The feature of shadow images and observed luminosity of the Bardeen black hole surrounded by different accretions (2021)
[60] Peng, Jun; Guo, Minyong; Feng, Xing-Hui, Observational Signature and Additional Photon Rings of Asymmetric Thin-shell Wormhole (2021)
[61] Horava, Petr, Spectral Dimension of the Universe in Quantum Gravity at a Lifshitz Point, Phys. Rev. Lett., 102 (2009) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.161301
[62] Cai, Rong-Gen; Cao, Li-Ming; Ohta, Nobuyoshi, Topological Black Holes in Horava-Lifshitz Gravity, Phys. Rev. D, 80 (2009) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.80.024003
[63] Cai, Rong-Gen; Liu, Yan; Sun, Ya-Wen, On the z=4 Horava-Lifshitz Gravity, JHEP, 06, 010 (2009) · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2009/06/010
[64] Kehagias, Alex; Sfetsos, Konstadinos, The Black hole and FRW geometries of non-relativistic gravity, Phys. Lett. B, 678, 123-126 (2009) · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2009.06.019
[65] Myung, Yun Soo; Kim, Yong-Wan, Thermodynamics of Hořava-Lifshitz black holes, Eur. Phys. J. C, 68, 265-270 (2010) · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1319-1
[66] Cai, Rong-Gen; Cao, Li-Ming; Ohta, Nobuyoshi, Thermodynamics of Black Holes in Horava-Lifshitz Gravity, Phys. Lett. B, 679, 504-509 (2009) · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2009.07.075
[67] Myung, Yun Soo, Thermodynamics of black holes in the deformed Hořava-Lifshitz gravity, Phys. Lett. B, 678, 127-130 (2009) · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2009.06.013
[68] Chen, Songbai; Jing, Jiliang, Quasinormal modes of a black hole in the deformed Hořava-Lifshitz gravity, Phys. Lett. B, 687, 124-128 (2010) · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.03.013
[69] Konoplya, R. A., Towards constraining of the Horava-Lifshitz gravities, Phys. Lett. B, 679, 499-503 (2009) · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2009.07.073
[70] Chen, Song-bai; Jing, Ji-liang, Strong field gravitational lensing in the deformed Hořava-Lifshitz black hole, Phys. Rev. D, 80 (2009) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.80.024036
[71] Wei, Shao-Wen; Yang, Jie; Liu, Yu-Xiao, Geodesics and periodic orbits in Kehagias-Sfetsos black holes in deformed Horava-Lifshitz gravity, Phys. Rev. D, 99 (2019) · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.104016
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.