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Singularities of capillary-gravity waves on Dielectric fluid under normal electric fields. (English) Zbl 07831884

Summary: As summarized by Papageorgiou [Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 51 (2019), pp. 155–187], a strong normal electric field can cause instability of the interface in a hydrodynamic system. In the present work, singularities arising in electrocapillary-gravity waves on a dielectric fluid of finite depth due to an electric field imposed in the direction perpendicular to the undisturbed free surface are investigated. In shallow water, for a small-amplitude periodic disturbance in the linearly unstable regime, the outcome of the system evolution is that the gas-liquid interface touches the solid bottom boundary, causing a rupture. A quasi-linear hyperbolic model is derived for the long-wave limit and used to study the formation of the touch-down singularity. The theoretical predictions are compared with the fully nonlinear computations by a time-dependent conformal mapping for the electrified Euler equations, showing good agreement. On the other hand, a nonlinear dispersive model system is derived for the deep-water scenario, which predicts the blowup singularity (i.e., the wave amplitude tends to infinity in a finite time). However, when the fluid thickness is significantly large, one can numerically show the self-intersection nonphysical wave structure or 2/3 power cusp singularity in the full Euler equations.

MSC:

78-XX Optics, electromagnetic theory
76-XX Fluid mechanics
Full Text: DOI

References:

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