Challenges to self-acceleration in modified gravity from gravitational waves and large-scale structure. (English) Zbl 1369.83078
Summary: With the advent of gravitational-wave astronomy marked by the aLIGO GW150914 and GW151226 observations, a measurement of the cosmological speed of gravity will likely soon be realised. We show that a confirmation of equality to the speed of light as indicated by indirect galactic observations will have important consequences for a very large class of alternative explanations of the late-time accelerated expansion of our Universe. It will break the dark degeneracy of self-accelerated Horndeski scalar-tensor theories in the large-scale structure that currently limits a rigorous discrimination between acceleration from modified gravity and from a cosmological constant or dark energy. Signatures of a self-acceleration must then manifest in the linear, unscreened cosmological structure. We describe the minimal modification required for self-acceleration with standard gravitational-wave speed and show that its maximum likelihood yields a \(3 \sigma\) poorer fit to cosmological observations compared to a cosmological constant. Hence, equality between the speeds challenges the concept of cosmic acceleration from a genuine scalar-tensor modification of gravity.
MSC:
| 83D05 | Relativistic gravitational theories other than Einstein’s, including asymmetric field theories |
| 83C35 | Gravitational waves |
| 83F05 | Relativistic cosmology |
| 83B05 | Observational and experimental questions in relativity and gravitational theory |
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