Metaphors and heuristic-driven theory projection (HDTP). (English) Zbl 1088.68172
Summary: A classical approach of modeling metaphoric expressions uses a source concept network that is mapped to a target concept network. Both networks are often represented as algebras. In this paper, a representation using the mathematically sound framework of Heuristic-Driven Theory Projection (HDTP) is presented which is – although quite different from classical approaches – algebraic in nature, too. HDTP has the advantage that a structural description of source and target can be given and the connection between both domains are more clearly specified. The major aspects of the formal properties of HDTP, the specification of the underlying algorithm HDTP-A, and the development of a formal semantics for analogical reasoning are discussed. We apply HDTP to different types of metaphors.
MSC:
| 68T50 | Natural language processing |
References:
| [1] | J. Anderson, R. Thompson, Use of analogy in a production system architecture, in: A. Vosniadou, A. Ortony (Eds.), Similarity and Analogical Reasoning, Cambridge, 1989, pp. 267-297.; J. Anderson, R. Thompson, Use of analogy in a production system architecture, in: A. Vosniadou, A. Ortony (Eds.), Similarity and Analogical Reasoning, Cambridge, 1989, pp. 267-297. |
| [2] | J. Burghardt, B. Heinz, Implementing anti-unification modulo equational theory, Tech. Rep., Arbeitspapiere der GMD, 1006, 1996.; J. Burghardt, B. Heinz, Implementing anti-unification modulo equational theory, Tech. Rep., Arbeitspapiere der GMD, 1006, 1996. |
| [3] | M. Dastani, Languages of perception, ILLC Dissertation Series 1998-05, 1998, http://www.cs.uu.nl/mehdi/publications/thesis.ps.ps; M. Dastani, Languages of perception, ILLC Dissertation Series 1998-05, 1998, http://www.cs.uu.nl/mehdi/publications/thesis.ps.ps |
| [4] | Dastani, M.; Indurkhya, B., An algebraic approach to similarity and categorization, (An Interdisciplinary Workshop on Similarity and Categorization (1997), Edinburgh: Edinburgh Scotland) |
| [5] | M. Dastani, B. Indurkhya, R. Scha, An algebraic method for solving proportional analogy problems involving sequential patterns, Mind II: Computational Models of Creative Cognition, Dublin, 1997, pp. 1-15.; M. Dastani, B. Indurkhya, R. Scha, An algebraic method for solving proportional analogy problems involving sequential patterns, Mind II: Computational Models of Creative Cognition, Dublin, 1997, pp. 1-15. |
| [6] | Evans, T., A program for the solution of a class of geometric-analogy intelligence-questions, (Minsky, M., Semantic Information Processing (1968), MIT press: MIT press Cambridge, MA), 271-353 |
| [7] | Falkenhainer, B.; Forbus, K.; Gentner, D., The structure-mapping engine: algorithm and example, Artif. Intell., 41, 1-63 (1989) · Zbl 0681.68103 |
| [8] | D. Gentner, The mechanisms of analogical learning, in: S. Vosniadou, A. Ortony (Eds.), Similarity and Analogical Reasoning, Cambridge, 1989, pp. 199-241.; D. Gentner, The mechanisms of analogical learning, in: S. Vosniadou, A. Ortony (Eds.), Similarity and Analogical Reasoning, Cambridge, 1989, pp. 199-241. |
| [9] | Gentner, D., Structure-mapping: a theoretical framework for analogy, Cognitive Sci., 7, 155-170 (1983) |
| [10] | D. Gentner, B. Bowdle, P. Wolff, C. Boronat, Metaphor is like analogy, in: D. Gentner, K. Holyoak, B. Kokinov (Eds.), The Analogical Mind: Perspectives from Cognitive Science, Cambridge, MA, 2001, 199-253.; D. Gentner, B. Bowdle, P. Wolff, C. Boronat, Metaphor is like analogy, in: D. Gentner, K. Holyoak, B. Kokinov (Eds.), The Analogical Mind: Perspectives from Cognitive Science, Cambridge, MA, 2001, 199-253. |
| [11] | D. Griffiths, The Classical Era (1897-1932), New York, 1987.; D. Griffiths, The Classical Era (1897-1932), New York, 1987. |
| [12] | H. Gust, K.-U. Kühnberger, U. Schmid, Anti-unification of axiomatic systems, Tech. Rep. 2003, http://www.cogsci.uos.de/\( \sim;\); H. Gust, K.-U. Kühnberger, U. Schmid, Anti-unification of axiomatic systems, Tech. Rep. 2003, http://www.cogsci.uos.de/\( \sim;\) |
| [13] | H. Gust, K.-U. Kühnberger, U. Schmid, Solving predictive analogy tasks with anti-unification, Proc. Joint Internat. Conf. Cognitive Science 2003 (ICCS ASCS 2003), Sydney.; H. Gust, K.-U. Kühnberger, U. Schmid, Solving predictive analogy tasks with anti-unification, Proc. Joint Internat. Conf. Cognitive Science 2003 (ICCS ASCS 2003), Sydney. |
| [14] | Gust, H.; Kühnberger, K.-U.; Schmid, U., Metaphors and anti-unification, (Spoto, F.; Scollo, G.; Nijholt, A., Proc. Twenty-First Workshop on Language Technology: Algebraic Methods in Language Processing (2003), Verona: Verona Italy), 111-123 |
| [15] | Gust, H.; Kühnberger, K.-U.; Schmid, U., Ontological aspects of computing analogies, (Proc. Sixth Internat. Conf. Cognitive Modeling (2004), Lawrence Earlbaum: Lawrence Earlbaum Mahwah, NJ) |
| [16] | Hummel, J.; Holyoak, K., Distributed representation of structure: a theory of analogical access and mapping, Psychol. Rev., 104, 3, 427-466 (1997) |
| [17] | D. Hofstadter, The Fluid Analogies Research Group, Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies, New York, 1995.; D. Hofstadter, The Fluid Analogies Research Group, Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies, New York, 1995. |
| [18] | Indurkhya, B., Metaphor and Cognition (1992), Kluwer: Kluwer Dordrecht, The Netherlands |
| [19] | Jain, B.; Wysotzki, F., Self-organizing recognition and classification of relational structures, (Proc. 24th Annu. Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (2002), Fairfax: Fairfax Virginia, Mahwah, NJ), 488-493 |
| [20] | Klix, F., Analytische Betrachtungen über Struktur und Funktion von Inferenzen, Z. Psychol., 201, 393-414 (1993) |
| [21] | B. Kokinov, A. Petrov, Integrating memory and reasoning in analogy-making: the AMBR model, in: D. Gentner, K. Holyoak, B. Kokinov (Eds.), The Analogical Mind: Perspectives from Cognitive Science, Cambridge, MA, 2001, pp. 59-124.; B. Kokinov, A. Petrov, Integrating memory and reasoning in analogy-making: the AMBR model, in: D. Gentner, K. Holyoak, B. Kokinov (Eds.), The Analogical Mind: Perspectives from Cognitive Science, Cambridge, MA, 2001, pp. 59-124. |
| [22] | O’Hara, S., A model of the redescription process in the context of geometric proportional analogy problems, (Proc. Internat. Workshop on Analogy and Inductive Inference (AII’92) (1992), Springer: Springer Berlin), 268-293 |
| [23] | Plotkin, G., A note on inductive generalization, Mach. Intell., 5, 153-163 (1969) · Zbl 0219.68045 |
| [24] | Reynolds, J., Transformational systems and the algebraic structure of atomic formulas, Mach. Intell., 5, 135-151 (1970) · Zbl 0219.68044 |
| [25] | U. Schmid, H. Gust, K.-U. Kühnberger, J. Burghardt, An Algebraic Framework for Solving Proportional and Predictive Analogies, in: F. Schmalhofer, R. Young, G. Katz (Eds.), Proc. European Conf. Cognitive Science, Osnabrück, Germany, 2003, Lawrence Earlbaum, NJ, 2003, pp. 295-300.; U. Schmid, H. Gust, K.-U. Kühnberger, J. Burghardt, An Algebraic Framework for Solving Proportional and Predictive Analogies, in: F. Schmalhofer, R. Young, G. Katz (Eds.), Proc. European Conf. Cognitive Science, Osnabr��ck, Germany, 2003, Lawrence Earlbaum, NJ, 2003, pp. 295-300. |
| [26] | J. Thomson, On the structure of the atom: an investigation of the stability and periods of oscillation of a number of corpuscles arranged at equal intervals around the circumference of a circle; with application of the results to the theory of atomic structure, Philos. Mag., Series 6, 7(39), (1904) 237-265.; J. Thomson, On the structure of the atom: an investigation of the stability and periods of oscillation of a number of corpuscles arranged at equal intervals around the circumference of a circle; with application of the results to the theory of atomic structure, Philos. Mag., Series 6, 7(39), (1904) 237-265. · JFM 35.0790.01 |
| [27] | U. Wagner, Combinatorically restricted higher order anti-unification—an application to programming by analogy, Diploma Thesis, Technical University of Berlin, 2002.; U. Wagner, Combinatorically restricted higher order anti-unification—an application to programming by analogy, Diploma Thesis, Technical University of Berlin, 2002. |
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.
