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Bose-Einstein condensates of atoms with arbitrary spin. (English) Zbl 1135.82003

Summary: We show that the ground state of a Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms with hyperfine spin \(f = 2\) can be either spin aligned, condensed into pairs of atoms coupled to \(F = 0\) or condensed into triplets of atoms coupled to \(F = 0\). The complete phase diagram is constructed for \(f = 2\) and the generic properties of the phase diagram are obtained for \(f > 2\).

MSC:

82B10 Quantum equilibrium statistical mechanics (general)
82B26 Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics