Cortically restricted production of \(\mathrm{IP}_3\) leads to propagation of the fertilization \(\mathrm{Ca^{2 +}}\) wave along the cell surface in a model of the Xenopus egg. (English) Zbl 1464.92083
Summary: The fertilization \(\mathrm{Ca^{2 +}}\) wave in Xenopus laevis is a single, large wave of elevated free cytosolic \(\mathrm{Ca^{2 +}}\) concentration that emanates from the point of sperm-egg fusion and traverses the entire diameter of the egg. This phenomenon appears to involve an increase in inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (\( \mathrm{IP}_3\)) resulting from interaction of the sperm and egg, which then results in the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum \(\mathrm{Ca^{2 +}}\) release machinery. We have proposed models based on a static elevated distribution of \( \mathrm{IP}_3\), and dynamic \( [\mathrm{IP}_3]\), however, these models have suggested that the fertilization wave passes through the center of the egg. Complementing these earlier models, we propose a more detailed model of the fertilization \(\mathrm{Ca^{2 +}}\) wave in Xenopus eggs to explore the hypothesis that \( \mathrm{IP}_3\) is produced only at or near the plasma membrane. In this case, we find that the wave propagates primarily through the cortex of the egg, and that \(\mathrm{Ca^{2 +}}\)-induced production of \( \mathrm{IP}_3\) at the plasma membrane allows \( \mathrm{IP}_3\) to propagate in advance of the wave. Our model includes \(\mathrm{Ca^{2 +}}\)-dependent production of \( \mathrm{IP}_3\) at the plasma membrane and \( \mathrm{IP}_3\) degradation. Simulations in 1 dimension and axi-symmetric 3 dimensions illustrate the basic features of the wave.
Keywords:
calcium; fertilization; Xenopus laevis; computational model; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; \( \mathrm{IP}_3\)References:
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