Frago, L.M.; Burgos-Ramos, E.; Rodríguez-Pérez, M.; Canelles, S.; Arilla-Ferreiro, E.; Argente, J.; López, M.G.; Barrios, V. Reduction in Hippocampal Amyloid-β Peptide (Aβ) Content during Glycine-Proline-Glutamate (Gly-Pro-Glu) Co-Administration Is Associated with Changes in Inflammation and Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-I Signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 5716.
Frago, L.M.; Burgos-Ramos, E.; Rodríguez-Pérez, M.; Canelles, S.; Arilla-Ferreiro, E.; Argente, J.; López, M.G.; Barrios, V. Reduction in Hippocampal Amyloid-β Peptide (Aβ) Content during Glycine-Proline-Glutamate (Gly-Pro-Glu) Co-Administration Is Associated with Changes in Inflammation and Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-I Signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 5716.
Frago, L.M.; Burgos-Ramos, E.; Rodríguez-Pérez, M.; Canelles, S.; Arilla-Ferreiro, E.; Argente, J.; López, M.G.; Barrios, V. Reduction in Hippocampal Amyloid-β Peptide (Aβ) Content during Glycine-Proline-Glutamate (Gly-Pro-Glu) Co-Administration Is Associated with Changes in Inflammation and Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-I Signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 5716.
Frago, L.M.; Burgos-Ramos, E.; Rodríguez-Pérez, M.; Canelles, S.; Arilla-Ferreiro, E.; Argente, J.; López, M.G.; Barrios, V. Reduction in Hippocampal Amyloid-β Peptide (Aβ) Content during Glycine-Proline-Glutamate (Gly-Pro-Glu) Co-Administration Is Associated with Changes in Inflammation and Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-I Signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 5716.
Abstract
Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is characterized by the brain deposition of senile plaques composed by amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) that increase inflammation. An endogenous peptide derived from the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, glycine-proline-glutamate (GPE) has IGF-I-sensitizing and neuroprotective actions. Here, we examined the effects of GPE on Aβ levels and hippocampal inflammation generated by the intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ25-35 during 2 weeks (300 pmol/day) in ovariectomized rats and the signaling-related pathways and levels of Aβ-degrading enzymes associated with these GPE-related effects. GPE prevented the Aβ-induced increase in the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and the reduction in activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt, as well as on interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-13 levels in the hippocampus. The functionality of somatostatin, measured as the percentage of inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and the levels of insulin-degrading enzyme were also preserved by GPE co-treatment. These findings indicate that GPE co-administration may protect from Aβ insult by changing hippocampal cytokine content and somatostatin functionality through regulation of leptin- and IGF-I-signaling pathways that could influence the reduction in Aβ levels through modulation of levels and/or activity of Aβ proteases.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology
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