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0593511948
| 9780593511947
| B0CL5YKGW7
| 4.25
| 88
| unknown
| Jul 16, 2024
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really liked it
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**Finalist for the 2024 National Book Award in poetry.** There are many winding roads that can be followed on the journey to ourselves, and identity ca **Finalist for the 2024 National Book Award in poetry.** There are many winding roads that can be followed on the journey to ourselves, and identity can often be an elusive place that resists easy location upon the map of life. This is so much more for those with identities bearing the weight of lengthy histories resisting erasure. ‘america takes / and peels away’ Cheyenne poet m.s. RedCherries writes in her collection, mother, and the attempt to piece together an identity against the erosion of oppression and violence against Indigenous peoples makes for a powerful thematic heart within the collection. A finalist for the 2024 National Book Award for poetry, mother is a journey through the past and present piecing together family histories, stories and legacies centering on Cheyenne women and their mothers amidst organizational oppressions in the US like the horrors of residential schools and the depressed economies that plague reservation life. Like the stories pieced together to be passed down, the collection forms a patchwork image of indigenous life and the family history of the speaker (or speakers) while searching for birth parents and trying to hold fast to a queer, indigenous identity in a society that meets it with aggression. A powerful and poetically moving collection from a bold and inventive voice. america never looked for us I forget my name and it turns me gold canned heat in winter is warm when I find you and listen to all we’ve become. can you dream in color if you were not born in color? you once told me we could never separate being Native from the original big migration into you’re in america now As the title might lead you to expect, mothers play a large role in the collection. We have a speaker sent to a residential school as their mother dies in a mental hospital, or the speaker who is searching for the history of her mother after having grown up adopted by a non-indigenous family. The collection reads like a hybrid between poetry and essay, moving through multiple styles and voices in fresh and kaleidoscopic ways. ‘I'm trying to resist being categorized in a certain genre,’ RedCherries said in an interview for Chapter House Journal, ‘there's pressure for Native people to define themselves by other outside forces instead of defining themselves for themselves.’ In her way of subverting expectations of genre to tell her own story in her own way (it is autobiographical, but she says it also contains ‘fictional elements. I would say, it's 50/50’). Being able to define herself is a large theme in the collection, but also a strong belief she has about storytelling as an indigenous writer in general. ‘Poetry and modern fiction have long been examined through different lenses, where its consequences have resulted in standardized parameters of how to interact, engage, or view the work itself—as determined by the Western literary canon. As Indigenous writers, shouldn't we be the ones empowered to make those decisions for ourselves and define what our writing is or isn’t? The way that we tell stories is completely different from what the Western literary canon considers or defines “stories” . And so, I encourage all Indigenous writers to question any authority others may have over their work and begin to define and build the Indigenous literary canon for themselves.’ Drawing on a long history of oral storytelling, this collection is largely written as an examination of stories told to the speaker that are amalgamated into a larger impression of her family history. And for much of the collection, that history revolves around her mother, such as she writes in the poem only as old as we’ve been told: ‘You are the reason // I always listened to You told me whole stories in pieces and sometimes I would get lost in the way you speak. Your hushed tones and soft inflection had me listening closely always afraid I wouldn’t hear or understand. But I always did. From the pieces of memory I have left I have made your stories whole.’ Her mother, the proudest and bravest Indian I knew, was ‘born into a place crumbled between world,’ during ‘an unkind century’ for those of indigenous heritage. While this is a collection that attempts to piece together a portrait of loss, the search for community, and the exploration of identity it is all set against a backdrop of a hostile socio-political landscape that sharply informs upon the themes. ‘I’ve been told it was surprising that the narrator doesn’t hold more anger towards her mother for her adoption,’ she says in her interview but reminds us that this anger would be misdirected as the mother’s actions are only a symptom of the actual problem: ‘If I had to be angry at anyone, it would be America for causing the circumstances that gave way to my adoption. Like in the story, the narrator starts interrogating who's responsible for her circumstances, and it is America…America's responsible for the generational terror that it's given to Native people. And we're still here dealing with their genocidal policies. Our existence is protest because America has tried to kill and dismantle every part of our culture and being, starting with the actual killing of our people, and then onto the reservation and boarding school era of family separation, dislocation, and relocation. So, if there is a culprit, if there is a “person” responsible—--it's America at large.’ In finding tomorrow she writes that ‘t has been said that Indians want to be left alone, but never actually be alone,’ a direct call out of the systemic oppressions against indigenous identities that lurk everywhere in this collection. ‘i can / be as Indian / as you let me be,’ she writes in the poem red is the only color I see and the need to either fall into typecasting or erase her heritage entirely is a constant threat from society in the long history or indigenous erasure. In an untitled poem the speaker describes fear of official mail worried it will state her citizenship has been ‘revoked for being Indian’ and the repercussions of the residential schools are felt for generations to come in several poems. Another poem lists all the names of those buried in Hiawatha Asylum Cemetery, three long daunting columns of names and dates in which ‘I read your name.’ The threats are everywhere and make for a frightening landscape to search for your identity. ‘We were all small, interred crumbs, uncertain crumbs, unsure crumbs, interrupted crumbs.’ In this uneasy social reality is also depictions of the ills that can befall those in reservation life. One speaker, a queer woman, finds herself butting against the homophobia of locals until they decide to respect her marriage to another woman because ‘A union of two Cheyenne women was understood to/ be sacred because Cheyenne women are sacred.’ Plagued by the batterments of life we also find that many decide leaving is easier than staying, though walking away from family makes oneself a ghost haunting their own life. ‘After my father left my mother and went to oklahoma, my father spent the majority of my life looking and looking and looking for me. He looked for me in my sister, he looked for me in my brother, he looked for me in my mother, he looked for me in the phone book, and when he found me, he looked for himself in me.’ Though not everything in this collection is bruised and harrowing as RedCherries filters memories through a lot of tenderness as well, such as a memory of her mother in which ‘I catch your / smile before / you catch mine’ in the rearview mirror as a child on a summer drive. There is an elegance to her prose that really grabs the heart at every turn. ‘country eat country an apocalypse in miniature’ Through poetic explorations of family, loss, and finding an identity while beleaguered by generational trauma and violence, mother is a powerful collection. Certainly deserving of its spot on the National Book Award shortlist, this is an exciting and shapeshifting collection that explores the way we are all a collision of history and the present and RedCherries delivers it all in such gorgeous poetry. 4.5/5 ‘When life hits you like that, you’ll look in the mirror and see what it’s done.’ ...more |
Notes are private!
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1
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Nov 2024
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Nov 2024
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Nov 01, 2024
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Kindle Edition
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0358394740
| 9780358394747
| 0358394740
| 4.29
| 1,043
| Jun 11, 2024
| Jun 11, 2024
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really liked it
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Fixing up a house is not the same as fixing up a home, but for 14 year old Almudena the three months she spends fixing up an old Brownstone with her f
Fixing up a house is not the same as fixing up a home, but for 14 year old Almudena the three months she spends fixing up an old Brownstone with her father might be the opportunity to make both happen. An adorable coming-of-age graphic novel centered on family and identity, Brownstone from Samuel Teer and artist Mar Julia is a heartwarming hit. When her mother has to leave for a dance tour for the summer, Almudena is sent to stay with her father for three months, the catch is that she has never before met him. Suddenly immersed in a Guatemalan culture she was previously unaware of and unable to speak Spanish, Almudena navigates the frictions of her new community in this excellent story with plenty of space to breathe and let the nuance shine through explorations of community, gentrification and family. [image] A big shout out to Hope and their review for inspiring me to read this as they are always correct when recommending a book. This was an adorable graphic novel and I was pleased to see how much space it gave to exploring the topics within while keeping the pace comfortably forward moving. Mar Julia’s artwork is wonderful with excellent depictions of city life and characters that are able to display a wide range of emotions quite effectively. In a story where the main character is outside the culture and language and must rely on visual cues and translation, the book using a strong sense of visual literacy to tell the story was nice. Suddenly dropped into a culture she had no idea was her own is a lot to Almudena, struggling to not feel like a fraud while her neighbors teasingly call her “off-brand” and trying to make sense of her new identity. It is empathetically presented with a good use of humor, particularly around her finding the food too spicy and being told she needs to check the “white people aisle” of the grocery store. [image] There is an excellent cast of characters here that allows the story to wind through a lot of other examinations of identity, such two characters coming to terms with their queer identities in a community that isn’t always the most accepting or supportive. There is also the issue of gentrification closing stores and whitewashing the predominantly Guatemalan area as well as her father’s backstory of coming to the United States. It makes for a very well-rounded story that gives a lot of room for character development and understanding that I quite enjoyed. It does occasionally feel like issues or disputes are resolved rather quickly, though with a cast of teenagers it is easy to dismiss, especially as it is the collective cast coming together and interacting that makes this such a charming story. [image] Brownstone is a gorgeous tale of family and identity and quite a heartwarming read. Almudena spends much of the story trying to fix not only the house with her father, but also everyones problems and relationships and has to learn she can’t do everything herself. But her efforts and the changes she can make mean a whole lot A cute read that will charm readers of any age. 4/5 [image] ...more |
Notes are private!
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1
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Jul 29, 2024
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Jul 29, 2024
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Jul 29, 2024
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Paperback
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0593318250
| 9780593318256
| 0593318250
| 3.87
| 21,997
| Feb 27, 2024
| Feb 27, 2024
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really liked it
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**Now LONGLISTED for the 2024 Booker Prize** ‘History is like a horror story,’ wrote Roberto Bolaño and Tommy Orange chronicles the long history of ‘Am **Now LONGLISTED for the 2024 Booker Prize** ‘History is like a horror story,’ wrote Roberto Bolaño and Tommy Orange chronicles the long history of ‘America's war on its own people’ in Wandering Stars. Moving through the horrors of the past across generations of violence, genocide and institutional or social erasures and on into a present day of lingering traumas and addictions, Wandering Stars works something like a Godfather Pt 2 to his 2018 novel, There There, being simultaneously a sequel and prequel to the events of that book. We last encountered Orvil Red Feather as yet another victim to gun violence in the final pages of There, There, though this story on the legacy that brought his bloodline to that moment of bloodshed as well as the volatile recovery in the aftermath could just as easily be read as a stand-alone. Still, it was delightful to revisit familiar characters as well as many new ones, each with an impressively distinct voice in a narrative propelled by Orange’s extraordinary acrobatic use of language. Wandering Stars is a sharp critique on a bloodsoaked American history, tracing trauma from colonization and forced assimilation into addictions and fractured histories, though there is still a light and a heavy hope ‘making this place more than its accumulated pain.’ ‘Surviving wasn't enough. To endure or pass through endurance test after endurance test only ever gave you endurance test passing abilities. Simply lasting was great for a wall, for a fortress, but not for a person.’ Where There, There was caught in a breakneck inertia spiraling towards impending disaster, Wandering Stars does a lot of, well, wandering. We move across history through the many generations of the Red Feather family, taking us from the Sand Creek massacre and into the Carlisle Indian Industrial School forced assimilation programs or prisons. This is juxtaposed with a narrative set in the present following Orvil and several other familiar characters. It meanders but never flails, stepping in wide rings of time, sending its prose to swoop and soar, until finally you find a rhythm moving underneath it all and the narrative becomes a sort of dance. A celebration amidst the sadness, a tribute to the past and a plea for the future. ‘Stories do more than comfort. They take you away and bring you back better made.’ While this is a larger story made up of the amalgamation of multiple stories, this is also—in many ways—a story about stories and why they matter. Charles’ notes that his incomplete memories are nothing more than ‘a broken mirror, through which he only ever sees himself in pieces,’ which nudges a central theme on how we use histories or stories as ways to understand our pasts and ourselves. A boy asks ‘why there weren’t any Native American superheroes,’ or a woman in midcentury America is told by a librarian there doesn’t seem to be any books written by indigenous authors. Instead they must see the world through the narratives of people who look like the ‘very kind of men some of us had seen wipe our people out.’ It’s why publishers need to ensure inclusive collections, its why we should make space for more voices lest we choke off storytelling as another form of silencing. That the character Jude witness so many atrocities but is mute and unable to vocalize them is a powerful metaphor, especially juxtaposed with the personal memoirs Charles is able to leave behind. Language and writing become a haven, and it is in learning to read and copy the Bible that we find the titular wandering star of the novel: ‘Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever.’ That Orange is a superb storyteller makes it all the better. Orange has a dynamic range of voice, moving between characters as well as from fiction to nonfiction passages. Orange has often cited influences in authors like Roberto Bolaño, Clarice Lispector, Jorge Luis Borges, or Javier Marías because they are ‘ not afraid to be really cerebral but also somehow have excellent pacing at same time,’ though many of the passages in Stars feels closer to the mechanics of one of his other favorites: José Saramago. Such as this passage which meticulously weaves languages while winding its way through the halls of history: ‘When the Indian Wars began to go cold, the theft of land and tribal sovereignty bureaucratic, they came for Indian children, forcing them into boarding schools, where if they did not die of what they called consumption even while they regularly were starved; if they were not buried in duty, training for agricultural or industrial labor, or indentured servitude; were they not buried in children’s cemeteries, or in unmarked graves, not lost somewhere between the school and home having run away, unburied, unfound, lost to time, or lost between exile and refuge, between school, tribal homelands, reservation, and city; if they made it through routine beatings and rape, if they survived, made lives and families and homes, it was because of this and only this: Such Indian children were made to carry more than they were made to carry.’ He is speaking of the horrors faced by thousands of indigenous children in boarding school programs that ran under the slogan ‘Kill the Indian, Save the Man’ in an attempt to push ‘the vanishing race off into final captivity before disappearing into history forever.’ This is why survival becomes so key in the novel, though merely surviving is often not enough. Often survival is its own trade off with destruction, such as how the granting of citizenship and assimilation was an effort to dissolve—'a kind of chemical word for a gradual death of tribes and Indians, a clinical killing, designed by psychopaths calling themselves politicians'—the tribes and erase tribal identity. The Termination policies enacted in 1953 forced full citizenship as a way to end federal recognition of tribes and transfer reservation legal jurisdiction over to the federal government, all despite indigenous peoples already being granted citizenship in 1924. As is often the case, language becomes a mask for cruelty. ‘I think I needed to feel the bottom to know how to rise. Maybe we're all looking for our bottoms and tops in search of balance, where the loop feels just right, and like it's not just rote, not just repetition, but a beautiful echo, one so entrenching we lose ourselves in it.’ The novel is wracked with scenes of addiction, poverty and heartbreak but also the dilemma of a disconnect with the past. A large theme of There, There touched on how indigenous identity was often difficult to pin down in the modern world, a theme that continues here. While there is the recognition that ‘no Indians from when they first named us Indians would recognize us as Indians now,’ even Orvil admits that in the present day many of the historical indigenous practices they keep alive ‘can feel corny, and fake, or like trying too hard for something that wasn’t really there.’ Times change, identity shifts, and how can one feel the pulse of the past when the nation spent so much effort and violence into erasing their stories. Though this is not necessarily a complete loss as the novel notes that change is natural and life flows into life, such as the family lineage going from Stars to Bear Shields and eventually Red Feathers. The family marches forward through time even when beleaguered by external aggressions or internal struggles. Ultimately, Wandering Stars captures ‘the kind of love that survives surviving.’ It is the thing that keeps us going, the heavy hope we are willing to carry. This is an ambitious novel, a bit quieter and looser than its predecessor, and it seeks to capture the truly expansive ideas and questions on identity and history. While perhaps it overreaches at times and can occasionally feel like checking as many boxes of themes as possible instead of thoroughly exploring a tighter few, Orange manages to carry his ideas into fruition and craft an engaging novel that achieves its goals. 4.5/5 'Everything about your life will feel impossible. And you being or becoming an Indian will feel the same. Nevertheless you will be an Indian and an American and a woman and a human wanting to belong to what being human means.' ...more |
Notes are private!
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1
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Mar 05, 2024
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Mar 05, 2024
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Mar 05, 2024
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Hardcover
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3.53
| 20,979
| 2009
| Oct 02, 2018
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really liked it
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‘Does this look like paradise or what?’ If you love bodily fluids, do I have a book for you! Okay, if that's not your thing, this is still worth the su ‘Does this look like paradise or what?’ If you love bodily fluids, do I have a book for you! Okay, if that's not your thing, this is still worth the surreal journey... I distinctly remember a moment as a kid when we took snow and put it under a microscope. Suddenly the snow, something often associated with blankness, purity, silence and prettiness, was revealed to be teeming with tiny, moving life. It was shocking, repulsive to some, and not just a reminder to not eat snow but that life is…well, pretty gross. The stickiness and secretions of existence froth upon the pages of Norwegian writer and musician Jenny Hval’s Paradise Rot, a sort of bleak bildungsroman where Djåoanna—or Jo as she comes to be called—has left Norway to study biology in England and finds her identity fermenting amidst the rot of her new life. The brief novel, brilliantly translated by Marjam Idriss, comes alive through blunt sensory descriptions, symbolism of damnation, a mycological lexicon and is awash in bodily fluids and the sludge of decay, creating a rather unsettlingly moist and grungy atmosphere. While not for the feint of heart, or to be read on a lunch break, Hval infuses her story with a sickly surrealism that makes Paradise Rot a rather unforgettable and enigmatic narrative of queer transformation. ‘But my dreams are full of apples, and in the dark my body slowly transforms into fruit: tonsils shrinking to seeds and lungs to cores.’ If you’ve heard of Paradise Rot, you’ve likely been warned of the amount of human piss that floods the pages. While there was less urine than I expected going into this, the book is practically dripping in decay and grime and full of unsentimental depictions of the human body at our most animalistic. It read similarly to Andrea Abreu López’s Dog’s Of Summer in that regard, though more of a linear narrative. Though once one is fully covered in the slime of story it is hard to deny the rather poetic sensibilities and narratorial strengths. Hval is also a notable Norwegian musician with songs that tend towards many of themes in Paradise Rot, such as her 2016 concept album Blood Bitch that is inspired by vampires, menstruation and 70s horror films. Her lyricism really sings here and functions on multiple layers simultaneous, and I was vaguely reminded of Julia Armfield’s prose, which I really enjoy as well. ‘And that is how we are bound together…Carral and Jo together. A black, dead and rotten fruit.’ This is a coming-of-age story where identity is less formed than it is fermented, and fermentation is a dominant theme through much of the text. We see Jo’s former self begin to break down almost immediately, dissolving in the wet English climate and language. ‘I suddenly knew nothing about myself, nothing seemed right in English, nothing was true,’ though she finds a foothold in this strange new world in Carral, a much more dominant personality who happens to have space to share in her apartment inside an old brewery. Through a lack of privacy, the two begin to become quite close to the point that their friendship often appears as a more intimate relationship to others. ‘It felt like the brewery had been transformed into a big wet tank that was waiting for Carral and I to decompose within it: a rotten, reeking Garden of Eden.’ There is a sense of a convergence here. Jo is told by a classmate she has taken on many of Carral’s mannerisms, not limited to her speech patterns of taking tea the English way, and Carral tells Jo’s childhood stories as if they are her own. One might sense a sort of Fight Club-esque set of alter-egos—which is certainly there for the analysis—though I’d argue Hval engages more symbolically and surrealistically than the literalness of Palahniuk’s novel. Then again there is also the rumor of a girl who fell into a batch of beer and died, a fermented ghost haunting the old place and Carral does seem to bloat up like yeast rising when sick… We can also see Carral as a sort of catalyst for Jo’s dissolving boundaries, moving from separate individuals towards a closeness and complete lack of privacy in the brewery and, ultimately, a sexual unity like dissolving into each other entirely. Jo’s sexual awakenings through the book they both read, Moon Lips, comes from Carral, as is her being set up with their neighbor (who we are told looks like Julian McMahon as Carral continuously watches Charmed ), and it is Carral who seems to dissolve the social barriers around queer desires. Though in the fermentation of the selves, we see the two women in a state of rot: ‘Her skin was soft, softer than I remembered, as if she was rotten too, a fallen Eve. Under us I could hear the apples rumble. Not a real sound, but a sort of internal buzzing, like how you can imagine hearing nails and hair growing or buds opening.’ Hot, right? Kidding. But actually that is something I really appreciated about this book is that it is so unabashed about how gross life is and shows human bodies in all our puss and piss and stench as something that is truly beautiful. Even if Jo looks at her own body as ‘a rotten apple core’ or the intimate embraces with Carral being together ‘Slumped…like gouged snakes digesting their prey.’ Jo’s studies of mushrooms and fungus start to overlay her understanding of interpersonal relationships and her little microcosm community starts to feel like a sort of mycelium with her and Carral feeding off each other. The blending is most complete in the rather surreal scenes around the neighbor’s rather unsettling short story about Jo, where the two women become one body in order to sexually please men, resulting in Carral writing her own ending: ‘The women feast on the poor man’s flesh, And chew each bone whilst it is fresh, So the two women can become one with a kiss.’ Not only is it some awesome lesbian punk stuff, but it also shows Pym the neighbor as an impurity in the fermentation process, something that must be removed and destroyed. His lusts register as repulsive, such as his tongue in her mouth described as a slug, and he is more food the two women to share than someone to satisfy. Like I said, this book goes some wild places. And is, ultimately, a fairy tale of identity about damnation and rot but rising to something better from it all. ‘I’ll finish your fairy tale. You forgot to mention the snake. In the story the apple poisons the snake, and Eve packs her books and moves out of paradise. The End.’ For those who can handle it, Paradise Rot is quite the surreal descent into decay in order to think of the self at our basest and most unsightly elements. It is a story where you feel like each page must be sticky, that you must be drenched in grime, that your body is rotting and dripping off your bones right there in front of you, yet also one where that suddenly feels like a sort of freedom and opportunity for resurrection into a new and better self. ‘There are two versions of myself and only one managed to get out,’ Jo thinks, lets hope the version of ourselves that manages to survive this novel are better for it. 3.5/5 ...more |
Notes are private!
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1
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not set
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not set
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Dec 27, 2023
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Paperback
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3.76
| 668,340
| May 16, 2023
| May 25, 2023
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really liked it
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‘Don’t ghosts just want to be remembered?’ A book about fucking around and finding out. The question of who should or shouldn’t tell a story has been a ‘Don’t ghosts just want to be remembered?’ A book about fucking around and finding out. The question of who should or shouldn’t tell a story has been a hotly debated subject, a discourse that must also recognize the playing field is guided by rules of capitalism in a for-profit publishing industry and a social climate that prods “culture wars” to increase clicks. Still in recent memory are the debates over American Dirt, which sparked months of controversy over white authors using another’s cultural narrative as what many considered “trauma porn,” but also over the publisher’s decision to throw incredible amounts of marketing money at this book when immigration stories by authors living within the culture were being passed over for that novel. R.F. Kuang’s Yellowface sinks its teeth into the world of publishing and the discourses on authenticity through the eyes of June Hayward, a white woman who has taken the draft of a Chinese-American woman’s novel and published it as her own. She will forever be haunted by this choice, like a Lady Macbeth of letters haunted by bloodstains in her attempt to usurp the kingdom. It is a perfect follow-up to Babel and the conversations on how language can be a form of colonialism, though this one has no magical elements like the former. Instead, Yellowface reads like a scandal unfolding before your eyes and transfixes the reader with all the sick satisfactions that keep us scrolling through social media debates and keep hot takes. Kuang makes us sit with our discomfort, through an excellent choice of an unreliable narrator, and forces us to confront our own opinions on the matter. With a sharp critique on the commodification and consumption of art in publishing and reviewing (even Goodreaders are not spared here), a look at online debates, the self-aggrandizing aspects of social media, and the way artists are pitted against each other as if writing was a competitive sport, Kuang’s Yellowface asks big questions on authenticity and identity in a society that has reduced the concepts into marketing metrics. I’ll be honest, I read this book in a single sitting. I could not look away, and Kuang’s writing sweeps you up in it’s conversational cadance. While I’ve enjoyed Kuang’s writing previously, Yellowface feels very polished and matured, the novel reading with the ease and eagerness of a tell-all memoir, which is the framing of the story. As a fictional memoir, it drops a lot of pop culture references to key into a specific time. Kuang’s choice of perspective through June—who rebrands at the request of her publisher as Juniper Song, Song being her middle-name but also nudges readers to think she may have Chinese heritage—is brilliant as it allows us to feel the floor-dropping-out discomfort of becoming the focus of internet rage as well as navigate a vigorous criticism of the publishing industry. Kuang is able to cover issues without moralizing, making the reader sift through alternating opinions that are likely to expose their own assumptions and discomforts, and we must always remember the telling is often guiding us away from judging her and towards everyone else. With a big confession at the center, June can manipulate the reader on smaller issues and in a way it becomes a rather metafictional approach to the way storytelling is just that: fictionalizing stories. Kuang does well by creating a character that isn’t entirely unsympathetic—we need to want to keep reading her take on the events—and hate reading is a shallow effect that evaporates quickly. Not unlike the social media scandals that hit viciously and are forgotten days later. Not that June is innocent, and being disgusted with her is half the fun, but Kuang will force us to consider what exactly it is that disgusts us and what that means in a larger context about art and the commodification of it. We’ve seen these sorts of scandals, such as a personal favorite bizarre tale of Natalie Beach who wrote about being the ghostwriter for Caroline Calloway, or last year’s Who Is the Bad Art Friend? article concerning Sonya Larson and Dawn Dorland where everyone seemed to be too thrilled by the mess to not pick a side. Though the story that seems closest to Yellowface is the one surrounding Kristen Roupenian’s short story Cat Person (you can read it here) which was defended then later attacked when an article revealing the details was taken from a strangers real life, told to the author by the man who was fictionalized in the story as the sex pest and later committed suicide in real life. Twitter was full of well-known authors debating if personal details and stories of others are always fair game, even though the hometown and place of employment of the girl was not changed for the published version (my college roommate later rented the house Roupenian had previously lived in and describes in story). Literary twitter was confronted with a situation about what level of authenticity is appropriate and can someone tell someone else’s story. The way social media fuels a fire is at the heart of this story, with twitter challenging authenticity and morals at all times. Which becomes a tragic interplay at the way authors are demanded to be vulnerable, to seek authenticity and expose their pain for book sales, yet social media loves to exploit personal details and use vulnerabilities as an opening for an attack. ‘dozen, maybe hundreds, maybe thousands of strangers are out there, mining your personal information, worming their ways into your life, looking for ways to mock, humiliate, or worse, endanger you. You come to regret everything you’ve ever shared about yourself…because the trolls will find them.’ We’ve all most likely criticized a stranger on social media, sometimes the pile-ups are too fun and humorous to not get a joke in, but Kuang tries to remind us that the targets are real people with real feelings. Sure, June deserves to be exposed and feel bad for what she’s done, but Kuang puts us in her shoes and lets you feel what being a target is like. Because it can come for anyone, even Athena was once the target of harassment, death threats and hacking where she didn’t feel safe all for being called a ‘race traitor’ for dating a white man. ‘In destroying her,’ June narrates the voice of social media, ‘we create an audience we create moral authority for ourselves.’ Such is the nature of social media in the state of a scandal, and all for what? ‘ Allegations get flung left and right, everyone’s reputations are torn down, and when the dust clears, everything remains exactly as it was.’ Nothing changes, but, as we see in the novel, much of this is because someone profits from it. A scandal often turns into book sales (for all the complaints American Dirt was canceled it still remained a bestseller for months) and if you keep selling books you keep getting published. ‘The living are burdened with bodies. They make shadows, footprints.’ But lets move to the scandal at hand. Here we have June, who has a tepid friendship with rising literary star Athena Liu. She feels jealous as well as annoyance with Athena, fantasizing how she’d like to ‘ neatly peel her skin off her body like an orange and zip it up over myself,’ something she is soon metaphorically doing when she edits the now deceased Athena’s manuscript: a WW1 novel about Chinese laborers. It starts off innocently enough (or so June claims) being an exercise in editing that she gets so caught up in loving writing again that she passes it off as herself. It is titled The Last Front, is praised for a mosaic storytelling style reminiscent of the film Dunkirk and becomes an instant bestseller. She will spend the novel fiercely defending she has the right to tell this story—sometimes being rewarded such as when speaking at a Chinese American Social Club she is thanked by a man who’s Chinese father fought in the war for making sure their stories are told—yet at the end of the day, this never was her story. And while she can be a great writer, we see she is never able to come up with her own ideas and the ones she have is derivative of other stories. It is a subtle and clever nod to a gap between being a good writer and being a good author or creator (an offer to write for existing IP disgusts her, perhaps because she is confronted by what she doesn’t want to admit is her strength). ‘It all boils down to self-interest…If publishing is rigged, you might as well make sure it's rigged in your favor.’ While the marketing grab here is definitely the idea of colonizing another’s work and culture and passing it off as your own (there are many moments for readers to fist bump the novel and say “HAHA take that shit, “Junie””) Kuang makes this a symptom of a larger issue. In her acknowledgements, Kuang states that the novel is a ‘horror story about loneliness in a fiercely competitive industry.’ If your ears perked up at horror story, there are some horror elements late in the novel (though perhaps not enough and it could have been threaded in longer, if I have one complaint it is that the novels episodic feel never quite let individual elements breathe enough and makes the last portion feel a bit like going one step more than needed instead of flowing from the book which would have sidestepped that feeling? Maybe thats just me though). But loneliness does permeate this tale, and we see how authors can feel crushed under the way for-profit publishing makes it a competition who awards winners and losers. One author will get a huge deal and seemingly inexhaustible marketing, while another gets one small print run and no publisher support. Kuang looks at publishing as a rigged enterprise, with a small team of (mostly white) executives deciding what gets sold and more or less deciding what will be a bestseller and informing readers to follow suit. Its not a secret that publishers buy space in chain bookstores or that the Big 5 US publishers are 80% of all publishing revenue. It is a market based on profit, and will be manipulated to ensure profits keep coming. ‘This industry is built on silencing us, stomping us into the ground, and hurling money at white people to produce racist stereotypes of us.’ To June, however, she sees diversity as a problem, thinking she is passed over for authors like Athena because it looks good. Which, if we look at the publishing market, shows that about 75% of published authors in the US are white and a 2020 study showed 95% of all books published were by white authors the previous year. [image] Now everyone probably remembers 2020 was the year many corporations made pledges to be better at diversity, the publishing industry under extra scrutiny as Black authors and anti-racism books were topping the best sellers and showing there was indeed a market for such books, but lets look at the industry itself. Since then, a recent survey shows only a 1% change in the industry, with it being 83% white and that most non-white hires since 2020 are for marketing positions. Which is using “diversity” as a sales technique again. [image] So what June see’s as a fast-track to success is actually a steep uphill climb. ‘"Do you know how much shit Athena got from this industry?’ a character remarks late in the novel, ‘They marked her as their token, exotic Asian girl. Every time she tried to branch out to new projects, they kept insisting that Asian was her brand, was what her audience expected.’ To be a brand is what publishing reduces identity into is the argument seen in the novel. And, if one is reduced to being a brand of themselves, they are now in market competition. I think of author Brandon Taylor saying identity becomes a marketing pitch, and how Real Life was reviewed as about identity when he says it was about lonely that happened to have explorations of identity in the book. I'm reminded of the reasons authors pushed against #OwnVoices labels as Becky Albertalli felt forced to come out to "justify" her book and others felt boxed in by it. ‘Do you know what it's like to pitch a book and be told they already have an Asian writer? That they can't put out two minority stories in the same season? That Athena Liu already exists, so you're redundant?’ Kuang examines how the idea of being a brand exists in the outskirts of publishing as well. We have the twitter fights where people exist as a self-brand of being antagonists, we have goodreads reviewers where their brand is taking down popular authors (some lines that may sting are remarks from other authors to not read goodreads and harsh takes are more about feeding ego than worthwhile criticism), and journalists who make a brand at hot takes. However, we have to remember that June is directing us to look at how everyone else is the problem instead of her. So while through her telling many of the critiques are cast as villains, the fictional journalist Adele Sparks-Sato (a nod to Andrea Long Chu as Vartika pointed out) is not wrong when writing that June’s version of Athena’s novel ‘joins novels like The Help and The Good Earth in a long line of what I dub historical exploitation novels: inauthentic stories that use troubled pasts as an entertaining set piece for white entertainment.’ ‘The appropriation of history, the historicization of the past, the narrativization of society, all of which give the novel its force, include the accumulation and differentiation of social space, space to be used for social purposes.’ -Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism There is a good deal of nuance in this book about how the commodification of art is an issue, but also a reminder that we can’t scapegoat our own actions on that entirely. There are some great little jabs in this—Junie Song ordering a Miss Saigon drink only to find it “too sweet” for her tastes—and it does emphasize the problems of representing a different culture from a western lens. As Edward Said wrote ‘the power to narrate, or to block other narratives from forming and emerging is very important to culture and imperialism,’ and argued that literature can be a form of colonialism by establishing a perception of a different culture or geography, and in the editing process of The Last Front we watch June make concessions on the text in order to appeal more to a white reader as requested by her publisher. Yes, she did actually do a great deal of research, and her opinion is the criticisms of cultural issues in the book are ‘exclusive cultural snobbishness and authenticity testing’ that ‘are only a form of gatekeeping,’ though later criticisms of her book are that her misunderstanding of how names or families work, or how her positions on certain issues imply a stance on current Chinese politics that are so beyond her understanding can be harmful. Some readers find it to read as a white-savioir narrative, something we know was manufactured by changing certain characters to be white characters to better fit the market needs. Which also returns us to the idea that art under capitalism will always be in service to profits. Yellowface by R.F. Kuang is a delightful novel with the fierceness of an unfolding scandal that makes us confront many key issues hotly debated in the literary world right now. I enjoyed the nuance here in how it exposes problems from many angles, but does not allow that to be an excuse for bad behavior. Understanding is not the same as condoning here, and it is a page-turning trip watching June dip and dodge as her usurped empire continuously threatens to crash down around her. Kuang writes with confidence and precision and Yellowface makes for an excellent look at the literary world and the commodification of art. 4.5/5 ‘Isn’t that what ghosts do? Howl, moan, make themselves into spectacles? That’s the whole point of a ghost, is it not? Anything to remind you that they’re still there. Anything to keep you from forgetting.’ Update: I got to hear R.F. Kuang speak about the book yesterday! She was DELIGHTFUL, discussed why she dislikes how publishing turns identity into marketing metrics, the books Beautiful World, Where Are You, Ferrante's Neapolitan novels and told everyone to read Murderbot. So well spoken, intelligent, and a real wonderful author. [image] ...more |
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May 16, 2023
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1643620703
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| 1643620703
| 4.38
| 164
| Apr 27, 2021
| Apr 20, 2021
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it was amazing
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Poetry is a powerful tool that can bear witness, function like a eulogy, and can become a space for collective grief. Winner of the PEN Open Book Awar
Poetry is a powerful tool that can bear witness, function like a eulogy, and can become a space for collective grief. Winner of the PEN Open Book Award and the Kingsley Tufts Poetry Award, Curb from poet Divya Victor creates such a space as Victor addresses racism against South Asians in America and the violence that it ignites. This book arrived as warnings of a rising wave of violence against Asians reached all our news feeds, and Curb documents not only the rise in violence against South Asians that skyrocketed following 9/11 but also the spaces which contained the violence and the empty spaces these acts left behind. Victor dog-ears pages with GPS coordinates that point to the location of the violent events discussed in her poems, one of the many ways this book reaches out from the page and into the world. With an incredible digital strategy from powerful video accompaniments, an interactive website and even a limited run of a dynamic “artists book” edition designed by artist Aaron Cohick, Victor has collaborated with many brilliant artists to in ways that highly enhance the reading experience and allow the reader to enter the poems in dynamic ways. Curb is a moving experience that serves as a memorial as well as a condemnation of nationalist violence, addressing grief, colonialism, and asking what space people can have if they are Othered in their own neighborhoods. The book opens with a statement from the poet’s mother: ‘yes; I am // afraid all // the time; all // the places are all // the same to me; all // of us are the same to all // of them; this is all // that matters; all // of us don't matter at all.’ The fear and caution reverberates through these pages, showing ways ‘If immigrants don’t belong in their own neightborhoods, what possibility do we have for national belonging,’ she asks in an excellent video accompanyment for the poem series Blood /Soil. The title draws from a Nazi slogan ‘Blut and Bloden’ used as a rallying cry for eugenicists and nationalists, and, as she points out in the notes, was also chanted by white supremacists in 2017 at a Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virigina. The poems are often followed by brief descriptions of violent acts upon South Asians, such as police paralyzing 57 year old Sureshbhai Patel for simply walking through his son’s neighborhood, Sunando Sen being thrown in front of a subway car, or Srinivas Kuchibhotla being shot in a bar in 2017 by a white supremacist who then went to another bar to brag about it. This is a catalog of violent nationalism, and the acknowledgement that much harassment never gets reported. 'When I read the news of the shooting, these ears rang the phone-lines of the dead, called for the knowing trill, the scatter of sugar, of a spoon circling a milk tea for one on the other side of the world.' During a lecture I attended virtually, Divya Victor said that ‘grief shifts how we occupy the 1st person singular “I”.’ This shift is omnipresent in these poems, which function as a space to grieve, particularly for those who have had the violence against people who look like them downplayed in the news or simply occurring without much notice. Poet Cathy Park Hong uses the term ‘minor feelings’ in her memoir of the same name to describe the dysphoria of racial feelings questioned or dismissed by the white majority and this term perfectly desribes much of what Victor examines in this book. There is the denial of space to grieve given to those who need it, or the Othering that occurs in regular social situations. In Lawn (Temperate) the poet examines how her own name is made into a joke by those who struggle to pronounce it, neighbors having a laugh at refusing to wrap their tongues around a foreign sounding name. Everywhere in this collection are the minor feelings and aggressions that make one feel not welcomed, Othered, and under threat of violence. One of the most powerful segments in the book spends pages listing the sounds heard in a courtroom as Alka Sinha, wife of the murdered scientist Divyendu Sinha, gives her testimony. We hear every sound, except her voice. An apt examination of the silencing and erasures that occur in the US. Divya Victor addresses a multitude of big themes here, another being a deep look at colonialism and racism and the ways it flattens identity with any South Asian being considered all the same. She also addresses the way internalized racism can be harmful as well, asking ‘who taught you, brothers, / to want whiteness for your kin? / Who taught you, brothers, to hate the dark flesh / that you’re in?’ This book will hopefully make any reader look inward and make more room for others and to build towards better cultural empathy. ‘Every person that we misrecognize and see as a stranger is actually someone’s loved one…I hope this book will show people that,’ she says in an incredible introduction video for the book (highly recommend watching, it’s brief and powerful). In closing, Curb is simply outstanding. There is a kinship here to Claudia Rankine’s Citizen: An American Lyric, and though Divya Victor is an original voice of her own, both these books do well to make space for conversations of racism and the threats of violence upon the body. Curb is a powerful work on loss and identity, and one you should certainly read. 5/5 'I make the marks. These are fleshy anniversaries of days on which I have not died; days on which I have agreed to be similar to someone; days on which I have yanked a flag planted in the earth & buried it; days I have consented to be kith for someone else; days on which I, for a brief, resplendent, filthy moment, remember who I am...' ...more |
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not set
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not set
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Apr 19, 2022
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1611090083
| 9781611090086
| 1611090083
| 3.72
| 2,864
| 1996
| Jun 06, 2011
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really liked it
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‘A true homeland is the country that can kill you, even at a distance.’ First published in 1996 when Ukraine had recently become an independent nation, ‘A true homeland is the country that can kill you, even at a distance.’ First published in 1996 when Ukraine had recently become an independent nation, Fieldwork in Ukranian Sex propelled Oksana Zabuzhko to fame as the novel remained a bestseller for the remained of the decade. It has been dubbed ‘the most influential Ukrainian book for the 15 years of independence,’ and recent global events have made me decide that reading it was all the more necessary. The book is an experimental, stream-of-conscious examination of identity, told through the mind of a Ukrainian poet now living in the United States. Having left both her country and former lover behind, she reflects upon a tumultuous relationship of abuse, anger and, possibly, love as well as the complexities of identities. Across dense yet insightful musings that spiral together, Zabuzhko examines many forms of identity, as a woman, a poet, and in terms of national identity in the newly formed Ukrainian nation as both the narrator’s body and fractured relationship form a complex metaphor for Ukrainian history and hopes for a future. ‘Ukrainian choice is a choice between nonexistence and an existence that kills you...’ Zabuzhko masterfully conducts a multi-layered narrator, one that teases comparisons to the author herself (she is also a poet who left Ukraine to teach in the United States), as well as to Ukraine as a whole. The body, often described as an entity almost separate from herself, functions as an idea of Ukraine, having different territories controlled at various times by various nations such as Russia, Germany and Poland much in the way her body has been controlled by the abusive men that hold power over her. Her relationship with an artist named Mykola, we quickly see echoes the Ukrainian history, and the stream-of-conscious style that sashays between first, second and third person at a whim is a wonderful example of wrestling with identity and often feeling ‘neither here nor there’ even in ones own body, language, and country. These themes are able to come alive so dynamically through Zabhuzhko’s prowess as a poet, an artistic style that truly gives birth to this novel. ‘poems, do they only predict or do they, God help us, construct our future for us…’ Poetry informs this whole book. The stream-of-conscious style to the prose, which is able to seamlessly leap between ideas both adjacent or nearly apropos of nothing, has a very poetic quality to it. As the narrator is a poet herself, her own poems pepper the narrative to add an additional depth to her self-reflections, and these poems are some of the only breaks from the dense and lengthy paragraphs that fortify the short novel. The translation from Halyna Hryn is quite wonderful, having to incorporate a whole emotional range with punctuation—rarely have I seen text this emdash heavy outside an Emily Dickinson poem—to create a rhythm with commas, or animate a sentence with use of bold and italic font faces. To call it a rant wouldn’t be wrong, as it is filled with vitriolic reflections as well as painful introspective examinations, but the poetry of her language keeps it flowing forward and while it is complicated and meandering, rarely does it become tiresome. It is a narrative that flows, but less like a river and more like water spilling out in all directions over a surface. ‘Obviously her mother tongue was the most nutritious, most healing to the senses.’ Much of this novel revolves around the theme of keeping culture, language, and identity alive. The narrator describes herself as a ‘professional Ukrainianizer,’ always insisting upon bestowing knowledge of her beloved homeland to others and educating about their arts even through her own. Yet she despairs, as there is so little of it and feels she ‘ had grown tired of not being in this world,’ spending her life upholding writers who ‘hurled themselves like firelogs into the dying embers of the Ukranian with nothing to fucking show for it but mangled destinies and unread books’ (as opposed to Gogol who had ‘no choice but to write in Russian!’) Ukrainian poet Lyuba Yakimchuk has said in interviews that ‘Nation is narration,’ and the narrator’s defense and dismay of Ukrainian is rooted in a similar insecure attachment with her nation. ‘Each nation goes crazy in its own way.’ National identity is a complex idea, one that requires healthy examination and re-examination, and pride without awareness and introspection of what it means can quickly fall into chauvinism and violent nationalism. This novel wonderfully addresses these sorts of meditations on identity, with the narrator moving from moments of sheer pride and utter disgust. She wants so badly for the newly formed nation to succeed, while also recognizing the generational traumas on a national scale (‘We are all from the camps. That heritage will be with us for a hundred years.’ she writes of the Gulags that still haunt national memory), and the pitfalls and challenges towards a brighter future. ‘Eastern fatalism, oh yes—the Russians have it; we’re in worse shape, we, actually, are neither here nor there, Europe has managed to infect us with the raving fever of individual desire, faith in our personal “Yes I can!”—however, we never developed a foundation for such faith…our Ukranian “I can!” helpless and alone. Amen.’ This is so embedded in the examination of her failed relationship that one might wonder if the relationship is mostly just a reason to project her thoughts on national identity for the narrator as much as it is the aim of the author. Her musings on submissiveness and on occupation by another body she extends into her thoughts on her identity as a woman but quickly begins to see it in a national context of being Ukrainian. ‘our hapless literature is merely a cry of someone pinned down by a beam in a building after an earthquake — I’m here! I’m still alive!’ Fieldwork in Ukrainian Sex is a ponderous novel, short in length but dense in prose and thought. It is full of graphic imagery, terrible acts by men, and full of a longing for a Ukraine she can be at peace with after a long, arduous history. She has hope, however, and Ukraine was, at the time of writing, still in its infancy of independence. ‘Truth is only found in childhood, only through it can we find the true measure of our lives,’ she writes, adding you can retain this beauty ‘if you have managed not to trample to death that little girl inside you.’ May Ukraine continue and flourish, and may you read and enjoy this novel. 4/5 ...more |
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Mar 22, 2022
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Mar 22, 2022
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4.09
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| Feb 01, 2022
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really liked it
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I recommended this to my mom when it came out and now I hear her recommending it to people all the time--BIG WIN for former me always asked why the th
I recommended this to my mom when it came out and now I hear her recommending it to people all the time--BIG WIN for former me always asked why the things I liked were "so weird and caustic." ‘I owe it to you to let you know about my past because this is your story, too.’ Identity is a complex amalgamation, a mixture and intersection of family lineage, culture, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and more. A mixture not unlike a recipe for food, a metaphor that deliciously entwines the story and characters in Black Cake, the debut novel by Charmaine Wilkerson. An estranged brother and sister arrive for their mother’s funeral, only to discover she has left them a lengthy recording that upends everything they know about their family. Wilkerson’s many layered and endlessly twisting novel directly confronts ideas of identity as these siblings have their foundation pulled out from under them and must reassess everything they know about the Bennet family and, in turn, themselves. This book is packed with ideas, and while it occasionally feels a bit overstuffed the fast moving pace keeps you page turning as lives twist and history unravels itself into the present. Moving across multiple decades and continents, Wilkerson’s stunning debut is a smart and heartfelt investigation of family, culture, generational divides and the ways our identities coalesce ‘through a mixing of traditions, a mixing of fates, a mixing of stories.’ ‘They’ve lost their mother and they can’t seem to find their way back to each other.’ Byron and Benny Bennet—yes, there are a lot of B names in this—haven’t spoken since Benny fled a family gathering years previous and never showed at their father’s funeral. Their mother, Eleanor, had always wanted to tell them the truth about her life, but with the family fractured she never found the time until it was too late, leaving instead a long recording that begins with telling her children they have a sister they’ve never met and a story of a girl named Covey living in the Caribbean in the 1960s. This book is a wild ride, with potential murder, lives forever altered multiple times, aliases, secrets, and much, much more. Yet at the center of it all is black cake, a recipe central to the Bennet family from their mother’s childhood on the island and a symbol of blending culture, stories and lives. And a final request that her children eat a black cake she left them when the time is right. But as they are shaken from each revelation that also reopens old wounds, will that time ever come? And who was Eleanor really? ‘More people’s lives have been shaped by violence than we like to think. And more people’s lives have been shaped by silence than we think.’ Wilkerson impressively juggles a lot here, rotating between the past and present in brief chapters that, while written entirely in third person, spirals through the characters to reframe on their specific lives, emotions and thoughts. The style gives each character their individualism while also weaving them together to view each individual as connected through the community of their shared lives. ‘Like many people, he isn’t any one thing,’ Wilkerson writes of Byron, but this sentiment is universal for each character and as the story progresses we see just how true this is. ‘But the fact was, when you lived a life, under any name, that life became entwined with others’. You left a trail of potential consequences. You were never just you, and you owed it to the people you cared about to remember that.’ As we watch Covey run from her past and reconfigure her life and identity&mash;shaped in the forges of violence, chance and a society that creates barriers for women of color—we also see how many people become connected to her story and can be affected by it. While this initially includes those who helped her escape and could come under the literal gun of the crime family surrounding the death of her forced marriage it becomes more solidified when she has children and extends her lineage. But what is key is the notion we are all connected, and each individual life reverberates against all the rest in the great orchestra of humanity where one wrong turn or sudden tragedy can sound the discordant note that derails the whole. Wilkerson attempts a further examination of connectivity by demonstrating lineage and heritage not only of familiar links, but as occupants of the earth and members of the long history of humanity. ‘Everything is connected to everything else, if you only go far enough back in time,’ she writes, in an omniscient narration that sometimes dips too close to being its own personality without grounding into the narrative itself. It works in theory but the practice of it in the text is a bit rushed and feels like a tacked on aftereffect used too sporadically. A chapter will open with telling of how things were, say, hundreds of years ago and then connect it to the actions of a character, told without familiarity before returning to the normal narration style. I like the point being made, though it is a bit jarring and seems more like a transition crutch than a natural part of the narrative but overall it serves the theme of connectivity and heritage well. Particularly in the sense of generational trauma, as metaphored (spell check tells me this is not a real word but I’m coining it now so feel free to normalize it) in a scene with the character Elly cutting her foot on an ancient gate buried in the sand, which fills into a larger theme of how best intentions can come across as hurt later on. Which is an aspect of the novel I really appreciate, as it juxtaposes generational perspectives and how the disconnect chafes on either party. The siblings begin the novel processing their mother’s story as one of betrayal for keeping secrets, while we recognize that her and her husband view secret keeping as an act of mercy and to protect those closest to them. And this older generation that sees value in secrets is shown as being appalled by the younger generation that puts their entire lives in the public eye through social media, fearful that so much openness leaves them vulnerable to harm. To them, their actions are one of protection but are seen by the younger generation as rejection. Benny’s narrative positions her sense of identity into the crosshairs of this clash, with her dad mistaking her bisexuality as mere confusion instead of accepting it as an aspect of her selfhood. I particularly enjoyed this aspect of the novel, having been a similar recipient of the criticism and frustrated by the avoidance that insisting someone’s identity is mere confusion makes you internalize shame and have a hard time trusting yourself. ‘She had been part of the world forever and always would be.’ There is a rich irony here, because so much of each character’s journey is making peace with being a complex self, and while so much of life is affected by ‘the way people saw them and how it determined the roles that they were expected to play in life,’ they find their sense of self doesn’t fit into tidy, socially-prescribed boxes. Each character discovers they are ‘a dual entity, a sort of hybrid’, being too much the same aspects that they are not enough of and feeling alienated because of it. ‘But just when she’d thought that her world was expanding beyond the suffocation of adolescence and into a new environment, she found that the boxes into which she was expected to fit—whether for race, sexual orientation, or politics—seemed to be making her world narrower.’ Covey is a black woman with a Chinese father, for example, living in a culture that has absorbed aspects of colonization into itself. ‘they belonged, first, to the hills and caverns and shores of the island where they had grown up,’ Wilkerson writes about Covey and her friend in London, Elly, ‘but they also felt that they were part of the culture that had influenced so many aspects of their daily lives.’ ‘We cannot always saw at which point one culture ends and another begins, especially in the kitchen.’ The way colonialism intersects with traditional culture becomes a major theme in Black Cake, best demonstrated in the titular food itself. As noted early on, black cake has roots outside the island, but has transformed into a specific cultural artifact of the island. There are some really great foodie aspects to this book, especially when Wilkerson addresses food ethics and culture through the character of tv food expert, Marble. ‘if you talk about the way in which food moves around the world,’ she say when facing criticism for addressing these issues, ‘ you can’t help but mention the social, economic, and political facts behind it. It doesn’t mean I’m engaging in political commentary.’ Her aim isn’t to judge but to examine the ways food has a complex heritage, which is mirrored in the realizations of lineage in the primary characters who can trace their roots across social, racial, and political “borders”. ‘The diaspora of food, just like the diaspora of people, has helped to shape many cultural traditions,’ Marble says, drawing the direct line between the two. Over time things change, adapt, become part of something else while still retaining what they once were and always will be. This, too, is mirrored in the many transformations seen in the book and the many characters who have a different name in different stages of their life, such as the childhood Bunny later being swimming icon Etta Pringles. Black Cake branches into many applications of this idea to examine it from a multitude of angles. It also makes sure to call-out social issues that would inform up the character’s lives. The book does seem to overextend itself in acknowledging all these topics, but one might wish it would pause in order to better explore them. There is something to be said about honing in to make sure to say one or two things really well rather than saying a lot at a surface level (a few do feel a bit shoe-horned in). However, Wilkerson somehow manages to make her maximization of social critique quite enjoyable as they are folded into the larger narrative in a way that makes us realize they are important to recognize but, as Byron says, ‘I’m not going to get into all of that here, that’s a whole other story. ’The most successful address very in-the-moment issues in context of the themes and with the shadow of the past cast across them. ‘Trying to undo worry is like trying to undo his blackness,’ Wilkerson writes about Byron, and his racial identity is an active role on his path through society, particularly in the face of authority such as the workplace or law enforcement. 'This is who they have always been, an African American family of Caribbean origin, a clan of untold stories and half-charted cultures.' This is a soaringly good debut that should very well be a big book of the year. As a debut this has some mechanical hiccups and a few stylistic choices that didn’t always work, as well as seeming a bit overly long as the latter portion of the novel was overly concerned with putting a tidy, satisfying bow on every loose end. That said, honestly, I love it all. This was such an engaging book with a fast pace that made it nearly impossible to. A few nitpicks aside, Wilkerson takes a purpose in her sights and hits the target dead on which makes the occasionally rough flight path all good by achieving its goal so well. Black Cake is a really heartfelt book that tackles some difficult subjects and does so by successfully orchestrating the reader’s emotions along with the story. This is a beautiful tale about family and one that will certainly find it’s way into your heart. 4/5 ‘The people you loved were part of your identity, too. Perhaps the biggest part.’ ...more |
Notes are private!
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Feb 04, 2022
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Feb 10, 2022
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Feb 04, 2022
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Hardcover
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1590177177
| 9781590177174
| 1590177177
| 3.99
| 3,308
| 1956
| Aug 26, 2016
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it was amazing
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Something more is always expected. ‘To the victim of expectations,’ begins Antonio Di Benedetto’s Zama in its epigraph. The Argentine masterpiece, firs Something more is always expected. ‘To the victim of expectations,’ begins Antonio Di Benedetto’s Zama in its epigraph. The Argentine masterpiece, first published in 1956 and, in 2016, made available in an exacting English translation by Esther Allen that retains the precise and often surrealistic prose, is a novel of surmounting frustration and failed expectations of a man caged by his social status and position. The theme of restlessly remaining static functions equally as an existential and socio-political examination, the struggle between freedom and a constrictive society--self-sabotage--exacerbating a feeling of hopelessness and the ‘horror of being trapped in absurdity.’ The reader is treated to a captains seat within the consciousness of Don Diego de Zama in his purgatorial Paraguayan post afar from family in which he can rise no higher. Through the detestable, boastful and pathetic mind of the narrator, the reader rides a tragic tale of male fragility and futility in a new world that shall consume Zama as Benedetto examines the ego as well as the confines and constructs of the outer world that astringe against it. ‘I hoped, rather, to be myself, at last, in the future, by dint of what I might become in the future.’ Zama opens with a stark image of a deceased monkey rocking in the waves along the city’s port. All his life the water at forest’s edge had beckoned him to a journey, a journey he did not take until he was no longer a monkey but only a monkey’s corpse. The water that bore him up tried to bear him away, but he was caught among the posts of the decrepit wharf and there he was, ready to go and not going. And there we were.Don Diego de Zama begins his tale with an immediate affinity with this stagnant corpse, seeing in it the horrors of his own existence. A few pages later he once again finds a perfect metaphor for his condition in the fate of a species of fish ‘must devote nearly all their energies to the conquest of remaining in place.’ Much like in Benedetto’s first book, a loosely connected series of stories aptly titledMundo Animal (Animal World, as collected in the new Nest in the Bones: Stories by Antonio Benedetto), animal metaphors and nature imagery is employed towards an accruing sense of dread and absurdity such as the narrator of Mundo Animal allowing birds to nest in his skull only to be picked apart from the inside or Zama noticing the fruitless efforts of beasts in the wild. The novel, told in three sections--the final and shortest segment being the most impressive and most brutal--covers a decade of Zama’s life as the 18th century draws to a close. ‘Ready to go and not going’ sets the tone of what is to follow as Zama schemes for a promotion that will bring him back to the city, back to his wife, back to the limelight of social glory. He has risen quickly and efficiently, holding a position just beneath the local Gobernador while still in the youth of his early thirties, but is held back due to his identity--Zama is a child of the Americas. 18th Century Spanish law decreed that positions of power were to be held only by the true Spanish blood, and even though both Zama’s parents were, his fate of having been born in the colonies marks him. Early on, Zama visits the home of sex workers with other dignitaries who laugh at his insistence on only sleeping with white women, calling him out on his attempt to seem ‘purely Spanish’. This existential dissatisfaction with an identity beyond his control is the root of all his actions and frustrations. Zama spends the novel blaming outside conditions, spiraling into wild fits of rage and paranoia as the world around him seems to plot against him. However, many of his shortcomings are self-inflicted. Zama has an important position that he neglects while stewing over his lusts, haphazardly ruling over murder cases or dismissively making knee-jerk decisions on matters that require much more attention. His inability to act is best personified in a scene where he watches a poisonous spider crawl over the sleeping body of a man he knows. Zama does nothing, just hoping the situation will play out for the best and is horrified to realize he felt no empathy for the man who might be killed but instead just a tepid fascination to see what happens. Much like his titular character, Antonio Di Benedetto (1922-1986) never achieved fame during his lifetime. Like his narrator, his self-imposed exile in the countryside of Argentina instead of the literary hub of Buenos Aires hindered his rise in status. He was imprisoned in 1976 under the military dictatorship of General Videla, after which he would talk about how cruel it was for never having been told why he was arrested (thank you to GR friend El Miguelón for the corrected biographical info!). Benedetto faced the firing squad only to be pardoned moments before, much like his literary hero--and major influence--Fyodor Dostoyevsky¹. I found Zama to most bring to mind Hunger by Knut Hamsun, which is interesting to note as Hamsun was inspired by Dostoevsky and in turn influenced Franz Kafka while Benedetto was most influenced by Dostoevsky and Kafka (the latter he had just read in the year proceeding publication of Zama and Kafka’s influence is easily recognizable as having been currently weighing on his mind during the creative process). It seems there is a common denominator functioning within the works of these novels and Zama is another stone to overturn in the discovery of this underlying literary cohesion. As one author often informs upon another, I came to Benedetto through Roberto Bolaño and his story Sensini (the opening tale in the collection Last Evenings on Earth), whose namesake character is based on Benedetto himself. Wiithin the story Bolaño provides a succinct review of the novel Zama--appearing in Sensini as Ugarte: Entitled Ugarte, it was about a series of moments in the life of Juan de Ugarte, a bureaucrat in the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata at the end of the eighteenth century. Some (mainly Spanish) critics had dismissed it as Kafka in the colonies…and later Bolaño continues, very astutely addressing the prose as ‘a cold book, written with neurosurgical precision.’ While ‘Kafka in the colonies’ is used dismissively, it isn’t altogether inaccurate. Within Sensini, we find the caricature of Benedetto as an aging author with a son, Gregorio, who has ‘disappeared’ during the Dirty Wars. The narrator suspects the name as being a nod to Gregor Samsa from The Metamorphosis. Bolaño was laying much of the groundwork of interpretation for Zama--pronounced in Spanish with a sibilant S like Sama--by playfully making the novel Zama like a literary child lost in the chaos of the mid twentieth century and pointing out that the title is a play of Kafka’s Samsa².Much like Gregor Samsa, Zama is trapped in the horrors of his situation. ‘I saw the past as a shapeless, visceral mass, yet still somehow perfectible.' There is a surmounting nightmarish quality to the second half of Zama as frustrations grow. Zama professes a desire for the ‘reality’ in his world but when they do not meet his expectations they become a living nightmare tinted in paranoia and surreal disappointments. After a particularly hellish scene in which he watches a young girl be trampled to death by a horse and then chases a woman who may or may not be posing as two women to, as he considers, toy with him, Zama wakes and dismisses it all as a fever dream. His refusal to accept the world around him, to accept his station in it, is launching him into a purgatory where freedom is stifled by the human condition and his rage against it is like crying out into a void. ‘How could I, how could anyone, voluntarily relinquish himself to horror?’ he asks himself. His inability to step through it becomes a trap of his own design. Benedetto positions the narrative within Zama’s stream of consciousness where we can observe the tides of his moods and hear his inner confessions. There is a wonderful, black humor to the novel that gives reprieve from its almost overwhelming grimey and grimness as Zama self-justifies all his actions in pathetically pompous manners. After assaulting a woman, he grieves not for the cheek he slapped but that he has ‘done violence to my own dignity.’ Zama is a detestable character, aggressive yet weak, lustful, prideful and totally unable to temper his own emotions. In effect, he feels very real and it is his ‘realness’ that he has the most difficulty grappling with along with the ‘realness’ of his surrounding world. The woman of the second section warns him through a metaphor of a lover’s claim on a woman: If he clings to the one who no longer is, and to her alone, then he loves a dangerous fantasy. It will lead to sickness and distress, perhaps horror.He must come to terms with reality as it is, not as he fantasizes it should be. Zama fails to heed the sagacious warning and continually slips into madness. This madness of his own doing stems from his own male fragility and the assumptions of what a man is and should be in his own culture. In this way, Benedetto manages to craft a novel that is almost a work of feminism. Zama wishes to be the great hero, and when he is on the up he is proud and boastful. ‘I feasted on the banquet of manliness,’ he cries, or, while drunk thinks ‘I marveled at the moon’s solitary lordliness, and in the ardor of alcohol felt myself prepared to match it were I put to the test.’ Along his purgatorial journey, Zama receives the aid of several women, whom he subjects to his debauched lusts. In the first segment, Zama spends much of his time pining for the wife of a wealthy landowner who spends much of his time out of town. She tells Zama that men often lust for her body, but she only desires friendship. Thinking he will best her by feigning friendship to gain frequent audience with her, which he does, Zama soon discovers that he has fallen into her plans, becoming just a confidant while he watches other men go to and from her bedroom at night. She pays him in kisses, which he thinks will lead to more and does not. He is a pillar of misogyny, lusting for her when she is kind to him, dismissing her as having ‘the face of a horse’ when she leaves him cold. By playing into his lusts, she gains the upper hand over him and uses it to guide his rulings in local politics. In the same section, Zama also lusts for a young girl in servitude to his home. After she is beaten and raped by her former lover, Zama vows to take revenge to prove his masculine dominance, which she gladly accepts because it is better for him to risk his life than for her own father. His masculinity stifled, Zama is enraged. In the second section, another woman offers to aid him in his promotion. Yet another woman felt authorized to furnish me with her protection. I was a fragile man, therefore, and visibly so.Having to accept the help of a woman he feels sexually diminished and later rapes her before begging her for money (Zama often lashes out at women by taking them by force, which is extremely problematic but builds to the effect of examining a fragile male ego. Much like modern day with groups such as Meninist wearing their despicable t-shirts to be intentionally offensive in place of actually having to face the reality of gender politics, Zama is most brash and distasteful when he feels socially, emotionally, or intellectually threatened). What seems to aggravate Zama’s fragile ego most is the ease of ability for these women to act--such as Piñares flicking away a poisonous spider and crushing it in bed not long after Zama’s own inability to do so--while his entire efforts fail to form any action. Even when Zama does act he feels his masculinity called into question. His singular act of bravado is to kill a wild dog in defence of a slave girl. He dubs himself “the dogslayer” in self debasing humour, recognizing his own shortcomings. We see Zama constantly reassessing himself, as if his act of storytelling to the reader is an effort to read himself through creating himself. The story takes a dramatic turn in the final segment when Zama is no longer reading himself but the world around him in order to find his place within it. The third section of the novel is an outright masterpiece. An aged Zama worn down from his stagnation attempts one more scheme to curry favour with the Spanish royalty by offering to lead a manhunt for a wanted man terrorizing the countryside, Vicuña Porto, whom had served Zama a decade ago. Here, out in the wild of the American pampas, everything comes to a head. Porto is revealed to be hiding out in the very group of soldiers looking for him and Zama is caught between duty and safety should he reveal Porto. ’Like the search for freedom,’ Zama muses, ‘which is not out there but within each one.’ The plains, once scorned and dismissed by him, are now a lush landscape of danger and mystery. We see the new world as one with it’s own stories, legends and people. We meet a wandering tribe, all blinded when a rival tribe put out their eyes years ago. They learn community as a method of survival and seem free and happy. Now their children, who have eyes, have begun to lead them and are leading them on gold hunting expeditions. Benedetto builds a vast and mystical world that begins to engulf Zama when he is stripped of his society, forcing him to recognize that the powersource of his status and masculinity was a societal battery, the very society he raged against for holding him back. Here, in the wild amongst death and thieves, Zama is weak and mostly just a casual observer. He is beaten several times and retains none of the sense of fearful respect from others we see in the previous sections. 'This could not be. This could not be for me.' Here Zama comes as close to an empathetic character as such a despicable person can be. He is to be pitted, weak and stripped of his stature as he begins to embrace existence and see it for its own reality and not the fantasy of desire. He also begins to bitterly embrace his existential condition, knowing the costs. In an act that is sure to bring doom upon him, he denies the existence of gold in the mountains to spare them. I had done for them what no one had ever tried to do for me. To say, to their hopes: No.Without spoiling the violent and shocking conclusion, let me simply say that the final dozen pages are some of the finest I have encountered and a satisfying fate for a man whose entire existence is centered on efforts of mobility. Though not for the easily off-put, Antonio Benedetto’s slim masterpiece Zama is a hauntingly satisfying read that will surely stick with you long after the final page has been turned. Rife with the existential horrors of Dostoevsky and the notable influence of Kafka, this literary descent into nightmarish futility is an overlooked classic that deserves the wider readership Esther Allen’s translation will hopefully forge for it. Zama is actually the first novel of a thematically linked trilogy, and the translation of the second book is currently in the works. Male fragility at it’s most despicable and society at its most constrictive, I have nothing but the highest admiration for the work which penetrates like the fear of death on a long lonely night. 4.5/5 'I mused that death was not a thing to enjoy, though going to one’s death could be, as a desired act, an act of will, of my will. To wait for it no longer. To hound it down, grow intimate with it.' ¹While imprisoned, Di Benedetto was allowed to correspond but not write fiction. In his letters to the outside world he would frequently describe a ‘dream’ he had and then proceed to write a short story in letters so small it required a magnifying glass to read. He was eventually released from prison at the urging of authors such as Heinrich Böll and Jorge Luis Borges. ²Another notable Benedetto/Bolaño connection is that of the young blonde boy who plagues Zama throughout each of the three sections of the novel and never seems to age. It is undoubtedly the inspiration for the ‘wizened youth’ who plagues the narrator of Bolaño’s By Night in Chile. [image] **Zana also had an excellent film adaptation: watch Zama trailer ...more |
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Maker of / Places, remembrances, / Narrate such fragments for me: Forgive me, this is and is not a proper review of Eavan Boland’s A Poet’s Dublin, tho Maker of / Places, remembrances, / Narrate such fragments for me: Forgive me, this is and is not a proper review of Eavan Boland’s A Poet’s Dublin, though I shall begin speaking first of the collection at hand. As stated by Jody Allen Randolph in the collection’s introduction, a place ‘finds its identity from being imagined,’ and what better avenue to the imagination than story and poetry. This collection of Boland’s work--originally published to celebrate the esteemed poet’s seventieth birthday--draws from her entire oeuvre a magnificent catalog of poetry (including her most famous poem, The Pomegranate concerning a mother/daughter relationship through an exquisite Persephone metaphor) and sets it to commingle with her own photography in order to best locate the poetic pulse of this extraordinary and literary city. This collection is like the Grey’s Anatomy of Dublin, a user’s guide to the mythologies of everyday lives, loves, sights and sounds that flow through the arteries of Dublin’s past and present. Forgive me if I add another heartbeat into the history of this near-mythical place; forgive me, Boland, for using this space to chronicle my own story but your own words of lifetimes lived along the Liffey have captured my heart and i must set that heart to task. Along the Liffey, I, too, learned and loved, a grown man discovering that his view of life, once thought of as matured and secured, was merely a perch on a lower branch of understanding. When you think you have a fully bloomed grasp on life, reach higher--there are many more limbs to climb and joys to discover. When I first encountered this collection, Dublin was mostly just a spot on a map for me. A place I’d heard of, had learned a bit of the history, but that was it. Then, as the best stories go, I met a girl. But not just any girl. This was a girl who breathed poetry, whose heartbeat was pristine prose. A girl with history teeming in the sway of her red hair, an immeasurable ocean of knowledge in her green eyes. It seems foolish, i realize now, to employ the diminutive term ‘girl’, forgive me, for I am speaking of a woman. A woman of grace and strength, a brave independence the Greeks would have erected marble statues to, and a face for which ancient armies would have gone to war. Boland, surely you would appreciate so strong a heroine as those that populate your prose. But perhaps ‘woman’, too, is unjust. This is a person, a person we can all admire, a person like a fountain of joy and love drenching this dry world of fears and sorrows. But I digress. From the first moment I saw her, I knew I’d follow wherever she led, like following a faerie into the forest in the old tales. So follow her I have, and I found myself stepping off a plane into the morning air of Dublin, Ireland where she stood waiting for my arrival. Dublin took on a new meaning for me and became like the sought after kingdoms of myths and faerie tales. A magical place with a strong literary past and love for poetry. You cannot travel down Grafton Street amidst the buskers and bustling crowds while hand-in-hand with the one you love and not think of Patrick Kavanagh’s Ragland Road: ‘On Grafton Street in November we tripped lightly along the ledge / Of the deep ravine where can be seen the worth of passion’s pledge’ (see also: Ragland Road as performed by The Dubliners) You cannot move an inch without thinking of Bloom making his way through Ulysses, or all the stories in Dubliners. Any visitor should certainly check out the Icon Walk to immerse themselves in Dublin’s literary and artistic history. Make of a nation what you will There few experiences more lovely in life than the moments when you feel you're a flesh-and-blood character in a novel. Life seems to buzz with meaning—each footfall feels like a new sentence, every bend in the street the turning of a page all marching to the beat of a narrative within you have found yourself happily immersed. This is the powerful play of Dublin life to which I have contributed a verse, small as it may be, with a fresh life that begins with falling in love with a female poet studying language theory in an Ireland filled with myth. Boland, who also attended the same Uni as my own love, has written: Ireland was a country with a compelling past, and the word ‘woman’ invoked all kinds of images of communality which were thought to be contrary to the life of anarchic individualism invoked by the word ‘poet’…I wanted to put the life I lived into the poem I wrote. And the life I lived was a woman’s life. And I couldn’t accept the possibility that the life of the woman would not, or could not, be named in the poetry of my own nation.There is a strong, feminist individuality at work in Boland's poetry, carving out a space of one's own in an Ireland rife with mythology and history. Her poems capture the broad scope of Irish history yet retain a specific individuality, most often chronicling the female experience in a highly personal—yet, universal—amalgamation. This is a celebration of cultural identity (Boland was born in Dublin yet spent her young life in London and New York that helped nudge her towards coveting a strong Irish sense of identity to oppose the anti-Irish bigotry that plagued those foreign cultures) that makes a modern person feel like another proud verse in a proud heritage. The intermingling of past and present is also reflected in her prose styling, which at once feels both modern and rooted in traditional poetry. While her poems may not rhyme and have a more modern structure and layout, she also often employs meter and form from the playbook of traditional techniques. There is a distinctly European aesthetic alive in her work that amplifies the context and underlying themes of the poems. What is most wonderful is her sincere and unabashed gaze at the whole of history, pulling no punches and presenting an honest portrait of Irish identity that is not fetishized or reduced to novelty such as the way Americans, for example, celebrate St. Patrick's Day. 'I am your citizen,' she writes in The Harbour, 'composed of / your fictions, your compromise, I am / a part of your story and it's outcome. / And ready to record its contradictions.' A place lives within us just as much as we live within it. Our histories become intertwined like lovers, our narrative a harmony in the orchestra of place. 'We always knew there was no Orpheus in Ireland,' Boland writes in Irish Poetry, continuing a few lines later to 'speak of our own gods. / Our heartbroken pantheon.' Our lives populate the mythos of a culture, Boland shows how we become the living legends in the epic narrative that is our personal lives. I came to Dublin and found my heart—a modern quest faerie tale that I hope ends with 'happily ever after'. I left pieces of my soul all across the landscape, trading them for joyful memories of love and laughter through the bustling streets, across the green fields, beside the sea, in the bookstores and bars, transit lines and taxis. It was like discovering a map of my heart, finally knowing where I belong and with whom I want to spend it. There is a certain cartography to human emotion that poetry is able to create, and this collection is well-served by breaking the three segments of the book geographically (city, river, hills) to better traverse the poetic landscapes. A Poet's Dublin is a fantastic collection, through and through. This thematic selected works of the prestigious poet Eavan Boland would make a wonderful selection for anyone hoping to acquaint themselves with her work (or even for those already well acquainted) or simply immerse themselves in an imagined Dublin to better feel the flow of it's soul. This is a powerful study of identity, culture, feminism and place that has taken root deep in my heart. Though I am writing this from the United States, my heart remains across the ocean with the woman I love and will always love, the woman to whom I give myself fully to in life, marriage, and beyond. This collection feels like an artifact of our history which we are constantly making, as we met because of poetry and on our first date she showed me many of Boland poems (including Atlantis--A Lost Sonnet, which is included above). Pick up a poem, let it sink into you, let it illuminate the world around you and you too can feel the magic and myth of our everyday lives. 'In the end' Boland writes, 'everything that burdened and distinguished me / will be lost in this: / I was a voice.' The body dies, but the voice always echoes on. 5/5 Once [image] ...more |
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really liked it
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‘Scraps, shreds have come to light as a result of my searches…But then that is perhaps what a life amounts to.’ It seems fitting that a fog has just ro ‘Scraps, shreds have come to light as a result of my searches…But then that is perhaps what a life amounts to.’ It seems fitting that a fog has just rolled in as I began writing here. Fog, an essential element to the atmosphere of noir and the essence of Missing Person by 2014’s Nobel Prize of Literature recipient Patrick Modiano. Here is a mystery where everything is shrouded in fog from the evening Paris streets to the narrator’s own memory; Modiano has created a mystery where the detective is the subject of his own case as he tracks down his past lost in a haze of amnesia. Through his purely elegant, lyrical prose, Paris comes alive in a maze of ever changing streets and people who watch the Paris of their pasts, the restaurants and hotels that form the settings of their identity, drift into unreachable oblivion. Through a sleek noir dredging up the shadowy streets of Nazi occupied France, Modiano muses on identity in a world that continuously mutates into the future and finds our only evidence of existence diminishing with the deaths of those who once knew us as another generation passes into silence. ‘Is it really my life I’m tracking down? Or someone else’s into which I have somehow infiltrated myself?’ Guy Roland, or so his false papers claim him to be, seeks out his own identity in a maze of leads that illuminate the tragic tales of others and sends him further seeking traces of his own ghost. I had the unpleasant sensation that I was dreaming. I had already lived my life and was just a ghost hovering in the tepid air of a Saturday evening.Why try to renew which had been broken and look for paths that have been blocked off long ago?Attempts at finding someone who may recognize him or know him, spurred on by the hopes that it is in fact himself in an old photograph given to himself by his first lead, seem thwarted as the old generation is dying off. But with each story he hears, he finds a glimmer of hope in a small thread that continues his search, and with each new lead comes another story that paints a portrait of 1940’s France in mosaic form. These are identities tossed on the waves of history. ‘The sand holds the traces of our footsteps but a few moments,’ Guy’s former employer tells him, and Guy finds himself like just another ghost, another washed out footstep, remembering a time now gone, where even the restaurants have changed names and the past fades and yellows like an old photograph. There is always some thread to the past to be found if one looks hard enough. ‘Something continues to vibrate after they have gone, fading waves, but which can still be picked up if one listens carefully.’ These echos of the past are the only thing to seek refuge and understanding it. And nothing echoes more loudly than the boom of war, the fear and fearsomeness of identity checkpoints under occupation. In all his searching, it is to this sad period of history that all his leads point, the big bang of impetus sending all his contacts scattering across the globe, and in this aspect of identity being masked or misconstrued in order to survive is where Modiano’s musings are most poignant. While the longings for the Paris of one’s past are examined in much more depths and heart in Modiano’s Suspended Sentences: Three Novellas, the subtleties and elegance found here is exquisite. Missing Person is a rather straightforward novel, driven mostly by plot and dialogue that embody the spirit of film-noir at its finest. Modiano does well by having each lead seem more of a disappointment and distraction while giving subtle hints where to look next, however many of the connections seem a bit contrived in hindsight and the reader must have the good faith to suspend some disbelief in order to navigate the maze of mystery. It is when Modiano pulls back from the plot and digresses into philosophical issues or poetic impressions of his Paris wanderings that Missing Person truly shines. Though the plot-driven narrative is exciting and engaging—particularly the twist on the detective story found here—one can only wish the digressions and flourishes of prose that slow things down and allow the reader to really glimpse the heart of Paris and humanity were more frequent. 'Do not our lives dissolve into the evening...' Modiano has recently been dubbed as a ‘modern Proust.’ While evidence towards such a lofty claim is glimpsed in small doses here, Missing Person seems too plot-driven and contrived to really suite such a claim. Suspended Sentences does better and seems a better portrayal of the key elements that earned him the Nobel Award. Modiano does excel at noir, and Missing Person breathes a wonderfully cold and weightless atmosphere of shadowy figures appearing and disappearing in both a literal mist and one of memory. Full of mystery, suspense and historical importance, Missing Person is a fun noir adventure but leaves the reader wishing the plot were more often pushed aside to let Modiano’s brilliant digressions grow wild. 3.5/5 ‘I am nothing. Nothing but a pale shape, silhouetted that evening against the cafe terrace, waiting for the rain to stop.’ ...more |
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‘ Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards.’ -Søren Kierkegaard It is a shame that we cannot relive the past, only merely r ‘ Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards.’ -Søren Kierkegaard It is a shame that we cannot relive the past, only merely recreate it. We bear the scars of events we can only comprehend in retrospect, but must rely on flawed memory and biased examinations of what truly came to pass. Internationally acclaimed novelist Haruki Murakami’s 2014 novel, Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage—a title that screams of pure Murakami whimsy and flair¹, is a novel about looking back down the tracks of life from the speeding train of time hurling us towards unknown horizons. This quiet, introspective novel follows Tsukuru Tazaki as he sleuths through his past, reexamining his mysterious expulsion from a high school group of peers that ‘were a perfect combination, the five of us. Like five fingers.’ While it is a sleek novel both engaging and easy to read, it opens up a deep cavern of thought where the reader must themselves bridge the opposite sides of the narratorial chasms, drawing their own conclusions much like Tsukuru must from the retrospective ruminations of his former friends. Murakami succeeds with this ponderous novel about the uncertainties of identity, identity formed and forged internally but highly persuaded by the external elements and how we see ourselves in the mirrors of our peers interactions with us. With Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki, Murakami achieves a wonderfully delicate balance of his authorial duality—both his coming-of-age realist narratives and the more fantastical and playful style full of parallel universes and magic—crafting a melancholy, introspective investigation of self with an eerie sense of mythicality looming in the peripherals of the page. As with most Murakami there are parallel narratives (of time instead of parallel universes in this novel) that are deftly weaved together to keep the plot compelling and extract the most from each plotline at precisely the correctly controlled moment. Much of the novel goes unanswered, with Tsukuru and the reader only able to speculate the truth and fear that the realm of dreams may impose upon the world of waking reality. This is much of the novels charm and acts authentically as true reality where we have no concrete finality and must compose an identity based on incomplete experimentations and inferences. The questions that truly matter in life are not simple or able to be explained through clear, concise language but through fluid explanations that are always seemingly just at the tip of reason; it is only through abstraction and faith in our own logic that we can come to terms with the mystery of the world around us. The novel itself is much like Haida’s description of the Liszt piece. The piece seems simple technically, but it’s hard to get the expression right. Play it just as it’s written on the score and it winds up pretty boring. But go the opposite route and interpret it too intensely, and it sounds cheap.The intricacies of the novel would fall flat if inked by lesser authors, yet Murakami applies the lightest touch and allows each moment to sing with grace. ‘One heart is not connected to another through harmony alone. They are, instead, linked deeply through their wounds. Pain linked to pain, fragility to fragility. There is no silence without a cry of grief, no forgiveness without bloodshed, no acceptance without a passage through acute loss. This is what lies at the root of true harmony’ The problem that serves as the sparse plot’s impetus is Tsukuru’s feeling of colorlessness in life, spurred by an unfortunate disassociation from his close-knit group of high school friends—all with names denoting a color except for Tsukuru’s—for reasons undisclosed to him. After being banned from association, Tsukuru falls into a period of intense, suicidal grief and after getting back on his feet has formed a self-identity that assumes himself as colorless and empty. He continues this way until his girlfriend during his thirties sends him on a quest to reconnect and unearth the truth of his past. Among the mysteries that he encounters, Tsukuru learns that he has a flawed sense of self amalgamated by the expulsion and lack of peer interaction, learning that among the group he was in fact thought of as the most self-assured, most attractive and most successful². The constant bemoaning and low-self esteem of Tsukuru may grate on some readers, however, Murakami does well to create an authentic psychological profile to account for why an intensely attractive male with a line of women eager to sleep with him would believe himself to be so inconsequential. ‘ You can hide memories, but you can’t erase the history that produced them,’ Tsukuru thinks, and regardless of how hard he tries to continue on with his life, the past has issued profound wounds on his ego that refuse to fade with time. Color, or the lack thereof, figures prominently in the novel. The characters with colorful names seem to have pre-made, nearly stereotypical identities, which would seem enviable to someone without a sense of self, especially someone who is thrown from their pedestal into the pit of everyday life without a life-line of friendly support. However, Tsukuru’s name means ‘to build’, and that is exactly what he must do. Like the train stations he builds and restores, he must build a sense of self then gut it and restore it to improve upon the flaws that fail to accommodate the reality he resides in. The character Haida, who temporarily assuages Tsukuru’s loneliness and peerlessness before a mysterious disappearance, has a name associated with the color grey. The two female figures of his childhood peers bore the names of White and Black, and Haida seems to be a balance of the two in Tsukuru’s life, complete with a sexual awakening and awkwardness born only in dream but feared to have a residual effect in his waking life. The essence of colors extents beyond that of characters names, such as the way colors found in the natural world also fall into a matrix of meaning. Green, it would seem, is a color that provides solace to Tsukuru, such as the Green Line trains that he watches come and go from a train station to relax and calm his mind, or the green eyes of his girlfriend’s Finnish counterpart that immediately wrap him in a feeling of trust and comfort. The interactions, with particular regard to dialogue and the sexual encounters described between Tsukuru and the women in his life, have a tendency to feel stilted and quite clinical (to borrow a term used in the insights of a dear friend when discussing the novel). There is nearly no passion in the sex scenes, merely anatomical commingling as if from a textbook, and the dialogue is often overly flat and direct, with characters speaking with a mannerism removed from emotion and natural cadence. While this is not in keeping with the natural poetry of Murakami’s narration, or with the style of his other novels, it leads the reader to infer that these clinical interactions are as ‘colorless’ as Tsukuru believes himself to be, yet it is not him that is colorless but the world and the lesser people around him. It is the friendships, the love, the striving for success and betterment that provides color in this world. Murakami profits by keeping the tone and description within the boundaries implied by character, keeping true to what best fits the novel at a given moment and not what best suits a display of authorial ego, and he should be applauded for it. However, the novel does feel simile heavy with poetic observations seemingly tacked on at the end of sentences where the use of a metaphor instead would have reduced the staccato bursts of the poetic and aided in crafting a fluidly flowing river of prose (as opposed to creating prose like a fluid, flowing river). One minor detail that could be also accounted for as an expression of character though leaves a bitter taste in the mouth is a strong sense of misogyny prevailing throughout the novel. The female characters tend to exist primarily as an extension of Tsukuru’s ego—either as a boost or deterrent of—and have little to offer outside the realm of sexuality. Take for example his girlfriend who provides little information about herself, sidestepping any character exposition by stating that ‘it isn’t very interesting’ whenever conversation steers towards a position where generally one would reveal a bit about themselves and instead keeps the topic of conversation constantly orbiting Tsukuru’s emotional state. It would seem that Tsukuru’s world is also populated by what he'd consider shallow, unfaithful women who exist primarily as sexual objects and want to do nothing besides talk about Tsukuru (which is problematic in many Murakami works). Also disturbing and irritating is when discussing the (view spoiler)[murder of Shiro, Tsukuru constantly sexualizes her through the frequent reflection of the death-giving grip around her ‘slender, white throat. The sexualization of her murder is gross and plays into a larger problem that perpetuates women as objects and this dehumanization coupled with lusty behavior puts women in danger for male fantasy that end in violence. (hide spoiler)]. Tsukuru even generalizes women in a particular passage as Their hair is always nicely curled. They major in French literature at expensive private women’s colleges, and after graduation find jobs as receptionists or secretaries. They work for a few years, visit Paris for shopping once a year with their girlfriends. They finally catch the eye of a promising young man in the company, or else are formally introduced to one, and quit work to get married. They then devote themselves to getting their children into famous private schools.Passages such as this are sure to raise a few eyebrows and dismisses the agency and interior worlds of women as well as ignores the social issues that create massive equity barriers for women to exist in the workplace. For a really good look at these issues check out the novel Kim Jiyoung, Born 1982. Despite a few cumbersome moments, Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki is a delicate and breathless achievement of beauty that plays all the right notes on themes of identity and alienation. The novel breezes along at a fast pace through the introspective reflections and discussions, with wonderful story-within-a-story asides such as the tale of Haida’s father that highlight the expertise of Murakami as a storyteller regardless of the thematic canvases of his tales. Murakami accrues a wide collection of universal problems to ponder that are sure to dazzle any reader, just don’t expect a cut and dry solution. ‘This was a problem that had nothing to do with language,’ Tsukuru reflects, and the answers are best discovered in the creativity of the readers own mind and not sitting static upon a page. 3.5/5 ‘Our lives are like a complex musical score, filled with all sorts of cryptic writing, sixteenth and thirty-second notes and other strange signs. It's next to impossible to correctly interpret these, and even if you could, and then could transpose them into the correct sounds, there's no guarantee that people would correctly understand, or appreciate, the meaning therein.’ ¹ The title also is a playful homage to the musical piece Le Mal du Pays by Franz Liszt which figures as a motif in the novel. The Liszt piece was commonly played on piano by Tsukuru former friend and is presented here performed by Lazar Berman —the preferred version of the character Haida. Murakami often inserts a subdued soundtrack of classical music into his novels, such as the Thieving Magpie in The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle, using musical motifs to harmonize with the interior themes. There are several allusions to Jean Sibeliuswhen Tsukuru visits Sibelius’ birthtown of Hämeenlinna to meet with his former friend Eri (or, Kuru). Among Sibelius’ most notable works is The Swan of Tuonela which tells the story of a sacred swan and a hunter who is killed, and later reborn, while attempting to hunt the swan. This tale seems a mythical metaphor to Tsukuru own story. ²‘Did the others really need him,’ Tsukuru wonders after his friends reject him. However, balance plays a key role, and without Tsukuru the group of friends could no longer function as a single unit. It is as if he were a thumb, a key element of the ‘hands’ function. There is a lengthy discussion about a medical condition causing people to be born with six fingers, which apparently causes an imbalance in the hand that must be corrected, primarily though for aesthetic purposes. Perhaps the trimming of Tsukuru, for what is revealed to be a shallow, ‘saving-face’ aesthetic-like purpose considering the actual disbelief of his friends, is much like this operation. However, Tsukuru was not an extraneous digit of the friendship but highly integral to its success. Also revealed in the medical discussion is that many famous artists and creators were afflicted with the condition, and the creator nature of Tsukuru may also be abstractly associated with this trimming of the sixth finger. ...more |
Notes are private!
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Dec 10, 2014
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Jan 07, 2015
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Dec 10, 2014
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Hardcover
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0192834169
| 9780192834164
| 0192834169
| 4.02
| 985,040
| 1601
| Jun 11, 1998
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it was amazing
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Something is rotten in the state of Denmark and, like Oscar the Grouch, I love it. And I love Hamlet. He can’t shut up, he’s a moody as hell bisexual
Something is rotten in the state of Denmark and, like Oscar the Grouch, I love it. And I love Hamlet. He can’t shut up, he’s a moody as hell bisexual and gets all philosophical while wanting everyone to think he’s losing his mind triggering a self-fulfilling prophecy of his mental health actually spiraling… okay so maybe I relate a bit too much. But this play rules and it has survived as a classic for a reason even if its characters don’t survive the play. Plus who doesn’t love a good revenge story? Especially one that has become a staple plot that has also led to great retellings like Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead or even The Lion King and has so many elements that would later be revitalized as gothic tropes in literature and film. This whole play is steeped in the interrogative mood that situates us in constant contemplation of ‘what a piece of work is man’ through a cavalcade of philosophical inquiries that move from sophism to existentialism. Of course ‘to be or not to be,’—one of the most quoted and recognizable lines of the play—is often considered to probe existentialist ideas long before Kierkegaard and Sartre would take up their pens and opens the play up as an investigation of identity and purpose that is, arguably, very existentially thematic. Much of the play asks ‘what is a man’ but is also Hamlet asking “who am I?” of himself as he schemes and stumbles through the ‘rotten’ state of the world. He also seems to express ideas of relativism central to the Sophists in lines such as ‘there is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so,’ and this moral relativism coupled with a thirst for revenge adds a rather edgy and engaging texture to the narrative as it plunges forward into destruction and death. It is also a coveted role on the stage and there is such an incredible list of people who have played Hamlet. Peter O'Toole, Laurence Olivier, Ralph Fiennes, Richard Burton, David Tennant, Kenneth Branagh, Christopher Plummer, Daniel Day-Lewis, Alan Cumming and many more. Even Ian McKellen played him in a recent age-blind cast production. Who wouldn't want to play Hamlet? But Ophelia as well, one of the more interesting characters who has certainly had a life of her own across literature. Shakespeare’s Hamlet lives on, like many of his plays, for having a rather universal quality to them that appeals to the times no matter when in history it is revisited or performed. Themes of being trapped by circumstance, themes of betrayal, themes of the in-fighting of the ruling class dooming a nation under them, and themes of struggling with identity continue to trouble people in every era and Hamlet always offers an avenue for confronting these ideas. A fantastic play that stands out even in Shakespeare’s impressive canon of works. ...more |
Notes are private!
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not set
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Sep 24, 2011
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