بانگ درا علامہ اقبال کا پہلا اردو مجموعہ کلام ہے۔ مجموعے میں نظمیں، غزلیں اور ظریفانہ قطعات شامل ہیں۔
اس کتاب کو اقبال نے تین حصوں میں تقسیم کیا۔ پہلے حصے میں 1901ء سے 1905ء تک کا کلام، دوسرے حصے میں1905ء سے 1908ء تک کا کلام اور تیسرے حصے میں 1908ء سے 1924ء تک کا کلام شامل ہے۔ یہ ترتیب اقبال کے فکری ارتقاء کی نشاندی کرتی ہے۔ بانگ درا کا پہلا ایڈیشن 3 ستمبر 1924ء کو شائع ہوا تھا اور اقبال کی زندگی میں ہی اس کے تین ایڈیشن شائع ہوۓ۔
بانگ درا کا مطلب ہے”گھنٹی کی آواز“ گھنٹی کی آواز قافلے والوں کو روانگی کی اطلاع دیتی ہے تاکہ سوۓ مسافر سفر کے لئے تیار ہو جائیں اور پھر بانگ درا کی رہنمائی میں منزل کی طرف رواں دواں ہو جائیں۔
اقبال کا ترانہ، بانگ درا ہے گویا ہوتا ہے جادہ پیما پھر کارواں ہمارا
Sir Allama Mohammad Iqbal also known as Allama Iqbal was born in 1877 in Sialkot, Punjab, in British Ruled India, now Pakistan, and was educated in the local school and college in Sialkot, before going on the university in Lahore. There he studied Arabic and philosophy as an undergraduate, then in 1899 did an M.A. in philosophy (being ranked first in the Punjab, and awarded a Gold Medal). He was appointed to a Readership in Arabic at the Oriental College in Lahore, and over the next few years became well known as a poet, as well as writing his first book (in Urdu), The Knowledge of Economics (1903).
In 1905 he travelled to Europe to continue his philosophical studies, first at Cambridge, then at Munich, where he obtained his doctorate with a thesis entitled The Development of Metaphysics in Persia. From 1907 to 1908 he was Professor of Arabic at the University of London; during this period he studied for the bar, becoming a barrister in 1908, when he returned to Lahore to practise law. While practising as an advocate at the Lahore High Court he continued to a part-time academic career as professor of philosophy and English Literature, being appointed Professor of Philosophy at the Government College, Lahore in 1911. He was knighted in 1923.
Despite his law practice, his philosophical work, and his gradual entry into politics, first as a member of the Punjab Legislative Council and later as president of the All India Muslim League, Iqbal was probably best known and respected as a poet. Nevertheless, his other activities brought him some measure of fame, especially six lectures that he gave at Madras, Osmania University at Hyderabad, and Aligarh, which were later published as The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (1930). During the early thirties he travelled extensively in the Middle East and Europe, participating in international political conferences, meeting philosophers and politicians, and writing.
His political view was that in theory a Muslim state wasn't desirable, as he held to the ideal of a world-wide Muslim community; nevertheless, he held that, at least in the short and medium terms, the only way for Indian Muslims to be able to live according to the tenets of Islam was in such a state, and he campaigned accordingly. He died in Lahore in 1938, some nine years before the creation of Pakistan, where his birthday is celebrated as national holiday.
Iqbal's philosophical work involved bringing various philosophical influences, including Leibniz, Hegel, and Nietzsche, to his Islamic scholarship, thus holding out the promise of a revival of genuine Islamic philosophical thought — a return of Islam to its place in the philosophical world. That promise has yet to be truly fulfilled, though it remains in place.
"To exist in pure duration is to be a self, and to be a self is to be able to say 'I am'." (The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam p.56)
This is majestic and grandiose verse,it leaves the reader awestruck.There are profound observations on life and the universe.
Iqbal is also known as Shair e Mashriq (the poet of the East).This,the first volume of his poetry,is the most accessible of his works.
It is also significant for me,as it forms part of my early childhood memories.The poems Iqbal wrote for children,are included in this volume.I have fond memories of reading those simple,yet beautiful poems in school.
Poems like Bachay Ki Dua (A child's prayer) and Parende Ki Faryad (a captive bird's lament),left an indelible impression.
There is another reason to remember this book,it includes one of the saddest poems I've ever read,Walida Marhooma Ki Yaad Main.It was Iqbal's tribute to his dead mother,a poem I would repeatedly seek solace in,when a similar tragedy befell me.
Iqbal did however,have a penchant for using difficult expressions.Of course,Iqbal's poetry is heavy on ideology,and the book has a significant ideological component.
In later works,he would turn to Persian as his main medium of expression,to the detriment of Urdu readers.That made his later poetry difficult to understand.
Bang e Dara (the call of the marching bell),is all the more special,therefore,as it is in Urdu.
Iqbal always called on the youth to aspire for greatness, always comparing them to a fearless, soaring eagle that knows no bounds. Bang-e-Dara is full of such poems which are addressed to the whole nation on the importance of freedom, hard work, attachment to one's religion and legacy. For a true reformation of this country, we need our youth to reform themselves. And there is no easier way of doing it than by rediscovering the self through Iqbal’s awe-inspiring work. I'm glad for the fact that growing up, we had Iqbal's poems in our courses.
کوئی اندازہ کر سکتا ہے اس کے زور بازو کا نگاہ مرد مومن سے بدل جاتی ہیں تقدیریں
خیرہ نہ کر سکا مجھے جلوۂ دانش فرنگ سُرمہ ہے میری آنکھ کا خاکِ مدینہ و نجف