Jump to ratings and reviews
Rate this book

To Show and to Tell: The Craft of Literary Nonfiction

Rate this book
A long-awaited new book on personal writing from Phillip Lopate—celebrated essayist, the director of Columbia University’s nonfiction program, and editor of The Art of the Personal Essay .

Distinguished author Phillip Lopate, editor of the celebrated anthology The Art of the Personal Essay, is universally acclaimed as “one of our best personal essayists” ( Dallas Morning News ).

Here, combining more than forty years of lessons from his storied career as a writer and professor, he brings us this highly anticipated nuts-and-bolts guide to writing literary nonfiction.

A phenomenal master class shaped by Lopate’s informative, accessible tone and immense gift for storytelling, To Show and To Tell reads like a long walk with a favorite professor—refreshing, insightful, and encouraging in often unexpected ways.

240 pages, Paperback

First published February 12, 2013

About the author

Phillip Lopate

89 books92 followers
Phillip Lopate is the author of three personal essay collections, two novels, two poetry collections, a memoir of his teaching experiences, and a collection of his movie criticism. He has edited the following anthologies, and his essays, fiction, poetry, film and architectural criticism have appeared in The Best American Short Stories, The Best American Essays, The Paris Review, Harper's, Vogue, Esquire, New York Times, Harvard Educational Review, Conde Nast Traveler, and many other periodicals and anthologies. He has been awarded a John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship, a New York Public Library Center for Scholars and Writers Fellowship, two National Endowment for the Arts grants, and two New York Foundation for the Arts grants. After working with children for twelve years as a writer in the schools, he taught creative writing and literature at Fordham, Cooper Union, University of Houston, and New York University. He currently holds the John Cranford Adams Chair at Hofstra University, and also teaches in the MFA graduate programs at Columbia, the New School and Bennington.

Ratings & Reviews

What do you think?
Rate this book

Friends & Following

Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!

Community Reviews

5 stars
307 (31%)
4 stars
392 (39%)
3 stars
232 (23%)
2 stars
49 (4%)
1 star
10 (1%)
Displaying 1 - 30 of 137 reviews
Profile Image for Kent Winward.
1,766 reviews59 followers
August 10, 2017
For a book that was cobbled together out of disparate essays, Lopate's musings on essays in particular and "creative" non-fiction in general creates exactly what is promised by the title: a treatise on non-fiction writing that both shows and tells.

I suppose it will remain to be seen, but Lopate's book was an epiphany for me. I realized that I've been fighting my own proclivities in writing by trying to write fiction. The irony is that almost everything I write is non-fiction or poetry, rarely do I write fiction. My aspirations as a writer have been thwarted by my misguided desire to write fiction. For that insight alone, I'd give the book five stars.
Profile Image for Sherilyn Lee.
3 reviews
December 16, 2013
I graduated with an MFA in creative nonfiction writing in 2006, then wrote poetry for several years, then joined a nonfiction writing group this year and found myself writing the longest personal narrative I had ever written. My writing group also reads and we dove into this book last month.

Lopate is a concise and precise writer, while still giving the book a personal feel as if you were taking a workshop from him. This book is serious but not stern. He weighs in on the typical nonfiction arguments: what is nonfiction, what makes it good, truth and facts, writing about others, the lyric essay, and the use of a dual perspective. Lopate's thoughts on these topics, especially the last one, have given me possibilities on revising my own work.

I'd recommend this book to any nonfiction writer at any level of experience. There's a lot to learn or to relearn in this book and to travel through these pages with Lopate's wit, efficient writing, and life advice is even more fun.
Profile Image for julieta.
1,252 reviews32.5k followers
October 25, 2020
I really enjoyed this, and Lopate has some really good tips if you are trying to write non fiction. The only problem for me was that most of his examples were with his students work, and at some parts he seemed to be bullying which was kind of uncomfortable. There are very few women mentioned, but still this is a great companion to reading about non fiction. Now I want to read more essays, by James Baldwin, Ralph Waldo, and others.
Profile Image for Karen Ashmore.
560 reviews12 followers
July 14, 2015
A professor at Columbia, Lopate cites his personal experience and his decades of reviewing student work to illustrate his themes in the craft of literary nonfiction. He concentrates on personal essays and memoirs, offers some useful tips, but all were well-worn elements. He has a tendency to keep citing the works of dead white men, which is probably the literary group that holds my least interest. Meh.
Profile Image for Jennifer Louden.
Author 30 books242 followers
June 13, 2015
A fantastic series of essays about writing creative non-fiction - with such subtle and wonderful explanations of many of the predicaments a writer of memoir or creative non fiction finds herself in. Invaluable.
Profile Image for Lea Page.
Author 4 books10 followers
August 15, 2015
I am a relatively new writer (although not a relatively new person) with little formal training, and it wasn't until I read To Show and To Tell that I identified myself as a writer of literary non-fiction. Lopate writes with a combination of rigor and humor, in what I can only imagine is his regular voice. The book itself shows and tells and is therefore an excellent model of what he seeks to teach. Reading it felt a little bit like finding a tool made for lefties when you are left-handed and have been managing to make do with tools manufactured for righties. You can do the job, but you never feel quite at home with how the tool fits into your hand.

I am inspired to freedom and further study, embodied by Lopate's comment: "... by trying to imitate a writer you admire and falling short of the mark, you may discover, in the gap between your efforts and hers, traces of your own original style."

And add to that this generous sentence: "Granted, writing about one's family or intimates can be an aggressive, vindictive act, but it can also be a way of communicating something to loved ones you never could before--a "gift" of the truth of your feelings."

Truth: living outside of good/bad, right/wrong. Telling a true story so that the truth can take its place outside of the story. Thank you, Mr. Lopate, for opening up the door to that possibility.
Profile Image for Shannon Whitehead.
145 reviews40 followers
October 14, 2019
It's easy to tell that Phillip Lopate is passionate and well-educated on the craft of writing essays. There were a few useful bits of insight that I could take away, but overall I found this book to be surprisingly and overwhelmingly dense. I might be too amateur of a writer to glean much from it, but I tried, and still got lost (and bored) in an unneeded amount of detail. The author went on tangents about other authors' lives, his personal preferences, and his students that didn't give me any practical help with writing essays.

Let's connect: Blog | Bookstagram | Twitter | Facebook
Profile Image for Larissa.
117 reviews3 followers
January 22, 2014
If Phillip Lopate had decided to not use his graduate students as his crutch for every example of what NOT to do I might be more willing to finish this book. Also, if he actually focused on how he researches, writes and edits, versus more of the what not to do's and jokes at others expenses I might be able to learn from his recognized talent. Until then I'll read his essays that aren't on writing, and listen to his brother, Leonard.
Profile Image for Carol Apple.
136 reviews10 followers
July 13, 2014
Insightful book on the controversies, quandaries, and possible pitfalls of writing literary non-fiction by a well-known practitioner and professor of the craft. I especially liked Lopate's practical yet sensitive tone and his resistance to both popular and academic fads and fashions. The book ends with a long and juicy reading list. I thought I was fairly well read, but now I have about 100 additional books to add to my reading list.
Profile Image for Spencer.
301 reviews5 followers
October 3, 2016
This is a collection of essays on writing personal narratives, and it's great. Lopate's an excellent writer. His tackles some great issues, and really makes me want to read a ton of writers I just can't seem to get in to. So in some ways, this is like the sparks notes for the personal essay tradition, but it's also lovely and inspiring. Got me to revise an old essay and start a new one while reading, so not bad.
Profile Image for Bere Tarará.
530 reviews30 followers
March 24, 2019
Interesante, la parte final es la mejor y la lista de lecturas inmejorable
Profile Image for Tim.
1,232 reviews
May 6, 2013
It took me a long time to read these essays, not because they were difficult, but I think because they made me feel guilty. They are so well written and engaging and even encouraging to the writer that I felt bad ignoring his comments and advice by not writing and so stayed away. I eventually got over that. Lopate offers a strong defense of the literary nature and the value of essay writing and the memoir. Most of the book deals with writing personal narrative, and includes essays on turning yourself into a character, how to end an essay, and contrariety (from the author of Against Joie de Vivre this seems natural) among others. His advice is buttressed by years of teaching writing and he offers as examples the mistakes his students often (continually) make in ordering their writing. He had good advice on journals and argues for the validity and usefulness of Montaigne-like rambling exploration in the personal essay. He ends the book with five essays on practioners and these have given me a listing of essays by Hazlitt, Lamb, Baldwin, and Hoagland to read. He has even made me consider buying a collection of Emerson's journals - a remarkable feat for a man like me, who has such ambivalence towards Emerson's essays and lectures. A very good book to help think about writing, especially writing about yourself, and to provide even more essays to read (to avoid that writing - I mean to enrich that writing).

"What makes me want to keep reading a nonfiction text is the encounter with a surprising, well-stocked mind as it takes on the challenge of the next sentence, paragraph, and thematic problem it has set for itself. The other element that keeps me reading nonfiction happily is an evolved, entertaining, elegant, or at least highly intentional literary style. The pressure of style should be brought to bear on every passage. 'Consciousness plus style equals good nonfiction' is one way of stating the formula."
Profile Image for Lou.
887 reviews934 followers
February 13, 2013
This was a very informative read on writing mostly essays and non-fiction. He explains how non-fiction can have prose as great as fiction. He tells on what we can’t remember to write of in our truths and reality to take from some imagination, and how we do create a small amount of fiction in non-fiction in doing this.There is priceless advice in here on writing and he writes about great essayists.
He gives examples from Emerson and James Baldwin, and more, writes of their writing style and lives.
Advice contained within that many on a writing road will need to re-read and ponder over, to muse over many times.

Excerpts to come in a few days.

Review also @ http://more2read.com/review/to-show-and-to-tell-the-craft-of-literary-nonfiction-by-phillip-lopate/
Profile Image for Robin.
11 reviews
October 1, 2015
The first few chapters provide good direction, but very soon he loses his own. He becomes professorial and didactic. He veers off on self-absorbed tangents. He starts to bloviate, and then he can't seem to stop. I had a college English professor, an older, privileged white guy in the classic mold, who, when I asked for a recommendation for a Fulbright application, told me I was too shy and not aggressive enough to get one. Lopate reminds me of that guy. I can sense that he has some wisdom and some kindness to impart to aspiring writers, but his personality and his fixed perspective get in the way. Vivian Gornick's 'The Situation and the Story' was much more readable and welcoming.
Profile Image for Anna Conard.
5 reviews31 followers
January 4, 2017
Bow down to Lord Lopate! It feels painfully nerdy to say that I enjoyed reading a craft text, but I blew through this book with delight. Many times, I laughed out loud at what I was reading. And that's definitely because Lopate practices what he preaches. As he discusses following your curiosities, listening to that stubborn contrarian voice in your head, and putting yourself into your work, Lopate crafts himself into an endlessly amusing and "round" narrator that I admire. Even if this book didn't provide definitive answers to questions I have about writing nonfiction, or even reliable tips and strategies, I've nonetheless gained insight from a gifted writer about his craft.
Profile Image for Louise Aronson.
Author 5 books123 followers
December 12, 2015
This wasn't quite what i expected, i.e. a book on the topic indicated by the title. Rather it's a collection of essays that address the craft of literary non-fiction in various ways. Some are helpful and others are interesting. A few are repetitive. It's not comprehensive and doesn't do what it would if Lopate actually sat down to write the book suggested by his title.
Profile Image for S.L. Myers.
Author 1 book5 followers
September 19, 2019
What a great book! My first experience with Lopate was from his introduction in his anthology of The Art of the Personal Essay. This book is a wonderful and personal introduction to those elements which Lopate considers important in the craft of writing the personal essay. The book is indispensable just because of the booklist in the back. Now I have to go to the library.
Profile Image for Sara.
378 reviews3 followers
March 18, 2017
Outstanding. Rich with insights and inspiration. And great reading recommendations.
Profile Image for Mehrsa.
2,245 reviews3,621 followers
June 24, 2018
If you can get past the parts where he trashes Baldwin as overly emotional and critiques female writers' lack of logical consistency while giving David Eggers high praise (these sins are almost unforgivable), this book is very helpful for anyone trying to write non-fiction. He is a good teacher of the form because he seems to respect the art of writing non-fiction. His advice on the personal essay was very good and his advice about writing about family was a bit unsettling--basically, he says try to have a lot of siblings so that you can spare to lose a few.
Profile Image for D.A. Gray.
Author 7 books36 followers
September 19, 2020
Effective, thought-provoking. A supplement that works best when used with a wide range of sample essays and writing prompts. One of the best parts of reading Lopate is his transparency when it comes to his own prejudices when it comes to approaches. The discussions in the classroom help students on either side of an idea to assess their own approaches and to be more deliberate in what they set out to accomplish.
Profile Image for Titus Hjelm.
Author 17 books87 followers
March 14, 2024
I love to read about writing, especially the kind of superb prose that Lopate is capable of. This collection of previously published pieces is not a guidebook, but especially the first half is filled with nuggets of wisdom--my copy has some heavy underlining going on now--for the keen-eyed. There are hints here and there that had these pieces been written today, Lopate would be decrying 'cancel culture', 'woke' or whatever other bugbear the far right has conjured in recent years (David Mamet went that way, sadly). The almost singular focus on white men is unfortunate, but if you can ignore that, there are many valuable ideas here.
Profile Image for Karen.
591 reviews32 followers
April 8, 2024
Lopate does a great job of rescuing autobiographical writing, whether memoir or the personal essay, from the second-class citizenry it inhabits. And along the way inspires this reader’s enthusiasm for making the effort!
58 reviews4 followers
Read
August 23, 2024
DNFing for now because Lopate is discussing essayists I haven't read, so I am getting less out of this book than I could.

"Glorious thought excursions"

But Lopate is interesting! He discusses how nonfiction writers are resident aliens in universities' writing departments:

Consider the very name of this practice, defined by what it is not: like the Uncola, the Anti-Christ, or antimatter. In the last twenty years some attempt has been made to cloak it with dignity by adding the word “creative” before “nonfiction”; but this is tantamount to saying “good poetry.” No one sets out to write uncreative nonfiction.


Lopate also explains how in an effort to fit in, they have leaned hard into Chekhovian "show, don't tell" that really is a dictum for fiction writers. In writing schools, essayists have been taught to "pounce on reflective prose as foreign matter". Lopate doesn't "speculate on what larger social forces in our culture may be militating against the willingness to think on the page", but argues that the best essays show and tell. They are not screenplays or stories, but "glorious thought excursions", and it is a joy to watch a "well-stocked mind" take on the problem of "the next sentence, paragraph, and thematic problem it has set for itself". Indeed this is true. Paul Graham's essays are exactly like that. Byrne Hobart's essays are even more like that. Watching him explain how something is actually an analogy of a financial instrument is fascinating.

Lopate writes:

I have always been deeply attracted to just those passages where the writing takes an analytical, interpretative, generalizing turn: they seem to me the dessert, the reward of prose.


Obsession with your chosen topic is overrated, Lopate claims. "A confession: I was never obsessed with the waterfront. It offered a pretext and a structure for me to follow out my interests in a dozen different directions." Just be curious, and you'll solve what Lopate calls "the successful memoirist’s second-book problem". Lopate holds that "nonfiction as a practice tends toward reason, calm, insight, order". Obsessive frenzy gives it a stomach upset.

Advice on writing essays

Lopate uses a nice phrase for a writing style he likes to see: he's not picky, he just wants one that's "highly intentional". Graham's essays are meant to read like proofs, and he is devoted to the Twain maxim: "I never write metropolis for seven cents because I can get the same price for city." Hobart's essays are meant to buffet you with one unexpected connection after the other. (Dwarkesh Patel's early essays were in this style, too.)

Lopate poetically writes about the perils of the personal essay. You should assume that your readers have minimal background on who you are as you as a person!

In [writers'] minds, that I may be swimming with background and a lush, sticky past and an almost too fatal specificity, whereas the reader encountering it for the first time in a new piece sees only a slender telephone pole standing in the sentence, trying to catch a few signals to send on.


Best to insert personal information swiftly and move on:

I might say, “I was born in Brooklyn, New York, of working-class parents”—and not worry about the fact that it may be redundant to your regular readers, if you’re lucky enough to have any.


This lesson goes beyond the personal essay. Matt Levine has explained some corporate finance basics hundreds of times by now. People still read him. The reader's memory cannot be assumed to be short enough.

By the by, Lopate makes an interesting point about by writing: "So who is this book for? On the most basic level, it is for myself, to enable me to work through my thoughts on these questions—and for other nonfiction writers with similar concerns."

Reading recommendations

Along the way, Lopate drops tons of (implicit) reading recommendations. The following paragraphs are pulled out of different places in the book:

George Orwell reflecting on his ambivalence toward Gandhi, Robert Benchley meditating on his face, Seymour Krim on his failure, Susan Sontag on camp, Stendhal on love, Montaigne on experience, Norman Mailer on sex, Virginia Woolf on a room of one’s own, Loren Eiseley on brown wasps, Edmund Wilson on the development of socialist thought, Charles Lamb on married couples, Joan Didion on migraines, William Gass on the color blue.

This formula of curiosity-driven research plus personal voice is one of the most prevalent modes in today’s successful nonfiction, from Rebecca Solnit to Philip Gourevitch to Jonathan Raban ...

How much more complicated and believable is George Orwell’s investigative left-wing self, the I in The Road to Wigan Pier, for having admitted he found the coal miners’ smells repellent, or James Baldwin’s I in Notes of a Native Son, for acknowledging how close he came to the edge with his rages against racism in restaurants!

When we read a Samuel Johnson or Edmund Wilson or Lionel Trilling or Susan Sontag essay, for instance, we feel that we know these authors as fully developed characters...

[C]onsider the strong essayistic tendency in novelists from Fielding, George Eliot, Balzac, Tolstoy down to Proust, Mann, Musil, Kundera, Sebald, Foster Wallace...

[Contemporary American memoirs] contrast strongly with the classic autobiographical literature of Saint Augustine, Michel de Montaigne, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Edmund Gosse, John Stuart Mill, Alexander Herzen, Thomas De Quincey, J. R. Ackerley, Virginia Woolf, George Orwell, Richard Wright, and James Baldwin. ... Meanwhile, I note the continuing appearance of highly reflective, essayistic memoirs in our time by writers born elsewhere, such as V. S. Naipaul, Lorna Sage, Norman Manea, and Doris Lessing, which maintain the genre’s appetite for thought.

Montaigne is not suited to the extremities of adolescent confusion, like Kafka or Dostoevsky; he is for achieving equilibrium (and what teenager is interested in that middle-aged virtue?)

Hazlitt’s descendants include some of the most important essayists we have, such as George Orwell, Max Beerbohm, H. L. Mencken, Mary McCarthy, James Baldwin, and Joan Didion. Each set out to create a highly singular persona who would be able to give momentum to the flow of thoughts by means of a dramatized, thin-as-a-veil self-characterization.


The book probably contains more interesting insights like this, so I will almost certainly return to it at some point.
Profile Image for sarah.
210 reviews18 followers
March 4, 2017
Some great info for teaching/writing CNF re: turning oneself into character, how or when to "end" an essay, research, etc. What I have a problem with, is Lopate's brevity with lyric essays. (Poet review here!) I was expecting the same sort of guidance or discussion as many of the other chapters, though was surprised to find this is one area of CNF he is not versed in. Which is fine-- but we ARE reading "the craft of literary nonfiction" which, in my mind, includes the lyric. Like, if you're considered an expert, I'm fine with the honesty, but the instructor side of me is disappointed I have to look elsewhere for more lyric essay resources. I suppose I'll refer back to my poetry professors. Section II "Studies of Practitioners" feels unnecessary, I'm not sure why all of a sudden we receive personal essays about 3ish essayists, it's kinda random. In addition, this book would receive more stars if he included more women in his "comprehensive reading list" in the back. Like really dude? There are probably 300 names/references, and roughly 58 of them are women (some names recycled)? Nah.
Profile Image for Lindsay Hickman.
147 reviews
December 3, 2018
I love reading about writing and writers of any craft from the personal essay, nonfiction, novel or the craziest Science Fiction piece imaginable. I love reading about how writers shape their craft, who or what has inspired their writing and what I can learn from each of them. I read this book right after reading Lee Gutkind, and nothing against Lopate but Gutkind was just far more interesting. Gutkind's book made me want to be a writer, Lopate's made me want to finish the book so I wouldn't have to read it anymore.
Lopate kept citing the same five or six authors, all long dead, yet never quoting them. I've even read a few of the books he mentioned, although he acts like no one on the Earth has read Emerson, War and Peace, Hazlitt or Baldwin. Also the second half of the book is just a bore, besides the fact that Lopate trashes Baldwin for an entire chapter because of the horrible reason that his students actually like his work.
I really wanted to like this book. I was spoiled by Gutkind's book and I was really looking forward to reading this but every chapter was either citing his students for what not to do, or preaching about Montaigne or dissing other current authors.
This book was a let down and I was nice to give it two stars. He might be a great essayist and a valued scholar in his field, but he needs to leave it to Gutkind and others to write books about it.
Profile Image for Charles Michael  Fischer.
102 reviews13 followers
May 26, 2019
Lopate's passionate argument for "telling" is refreshing, and a much needed rebuttal to creative writing instructors who misteach memoir as nothing more than a real story told through fictional devices. If so, why bother writing a memoir? Write an autobiographical novel instead.

Lopate argues for better harmony between "showing" and scene vs. telling, which is where the memoirist interprets, analyzes, pontificates, digresses, integrates research, etc. Telling is not the same in both genres. Also, unlike the novelist, the [ethical] memoirist does not have the luxury of making something up when there is a lull, like an action or surprise scene. In lieu of this, Lopate gives memoirists permission to fill in these gaps with the kind of purposeful telling that should have never fallen out-of-favor in the first place.

Part I of the book covers craft. Part II provides closer, sustained "studies" of influential essayists and memorists. I doubt I will return to any of the essays in Part II, but I will return to the craft essays in Part I, similar to how I return to chapters from Mary Karr's "The Art of Memoir." There could be more diversity among the authors discussed in the book and in the "Reading List" section at the end.
Profile Image for Linda Tapp.
72 reviews2 followers
October 27, 2014
I chose two books on literary/creative non-fiction to read during a recent vacation. When I chose the two - this one and one by Lee Gutkind titled "You Can't Make This Stuff Up" - I did not realize they would be so different. While I am glad I read about this topic from two different authors, I found Mr. Gutkind's book easier to read and more valuable.

This book contains valuable information for those seriously considering writing literary non-fiction but I feel it is more for individuals who have studied writing in the past. I often felt as though I was listening to a beloved college professor pontificating on writing, literature, life and everything else. There were many references I was not familiar with and I feel I would have gotten more from this book if I had a liberal arts degree. I still found many sections worth highlighting and will likely return to review a few parts in the future.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 137 reviews

Can't find what you're looking for?

Get help and learn more about the design.