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Antoine Lavoisier

Born

in Paris, France

August 26, 1743

Died

May 08, 1794

Genre

Science, Chemistry, Biology

Influences

Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Georg Ernst Stahl, Joseph Black, Pierre-Simon L ...more

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French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier isolated the major components of air, determined the role of oxygen in combustion to disprove the phlogiston theory, and devised a system of chemical nomenclature; during the Reign of Terror, the period from 1793 to 1794 of the French revolution, the hands of a small group temporarily suspended the republican government, concentrated power, and executed him and thousands of other suspected counterrevolutionaries.

This central nobleman to the 18th century largely influenced on the history of biology. People widely consider him the "father of modern chemistry."

People most note Lavoisier for his discovery. He also first established sulfur as an element in 1777 rather than a compound. He recognized and n French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier isolated the major components of air, determined the role of oxygen in combustion to disprove the phlogiston theory, and devised a system of chemical nomenclature; during the Reign of Terror, the period from 1793 to 1794 of the French revolution, the hands of a small group temporarily suspended the republican government, concentrated power, and executed him and thousands of other suspected counterrevolutionaries.

This central nobleman to the 18th century largely influenced on the history of biology. People widely consider him the "father of modern chemistry."

People most note Lavoisier for his discovery. He also first established sulfur as an element in 1777 rather than a compound. He recognized and named oxygen in 1778 and hydrogen in 1783 and opposed the theory. Lavoisier helped to construct the metric system, wrote the first extensive list of elements, and helped to reform. He predicted the existence of silicon in 1787. He discovered always the same mass of matter, which nevertheless may change its form or shape.

Lavoisier, an administrator of the Ferme Générale, served as a powerful member of a number of other aristocratic councils. All of these political and economic activities enabled him to fund his scientific research. At the height of the French revolution, Jean-Paul Marat accused him of selling adulterated tobacco and other crimes, and a year fater death of Marat, people eventually guillotined Lavoisier.

Joseph-Louis Lagrange expressed importance of Lavoisier to science and, lamenting the beheading, said: "Il ne leur a fallu qu’un moment pour faire tomber cette tête, et cent années peut-être ne suffiront pas pour en reproduire une semblable." ("It took them only an instant to cut off this head, and one hundred years might not suffice to reproduce its like.")

Lavoisier also early researched in physical chemistry and thermodynamics in joint experiments with Pierre-Simon Laplace. Lavoisier also contributed to early ideas on composition and chemical changes by stating the radical theory, believing that radicals, which function as a single group in a chemical process, combine with oxygen in reactions. He also introduced the possibility of allotropy in chemical elements when he discovered that diamond is a crystalline form of carbon.

Overall, his contributions are considered the most important in advancing chemistry to the level reached in physics and mathematics during the 18th century. Lavoisier's work was recognized as an International Historic Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society, Académie des sciences de L'institut de France and the Société Chimique de France in 1999. ...more

Combine Editions
Antoine Lavoisier’s books

Average rating: 3.89 · 399 ratings · 29 reviews · 239 distinct works • Similar authors

	Elements of Chemistry (Dover Books on Chemistry) by Antoine Lavoisier, Douglas McKie (Introduction), Robert Kerr (translator) 3.90 avg rating — 369 ratings — published 1789 — 104 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	A New Foundation for Chemistry: Antoine Lavoisier's Elementary Treatise on Chemistry, Preliminary Discourse and Part One by Antoine Lavoisier, Chester Burke (Translator), Matthew Holtzman (Translator) really liked it 4.00 avg rating — 7 ratings — 2 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Elements of Chemistry/Analytical Theory of Heat/Experimental Researches in Electricity (Great Books of the Western World, #45) by Antoine Lavoisier, Joseph Fourier, Robert Maynard Hutchins (Editor in Chief) 3.60 avg rating — 5 ratings	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Lavoisier; Fourier; Faraday (Great Books of the Western World, #45) by Antoine Lavoisier, Michael Faraday, Joseph Fourier, Robert Maynard Hutchins (editor) really liked it 4.00 avg rating — 3 ratings — published 1952	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Essays, on the effects produced by various processes on atmospheric air by Antoine Lavoisier, Thomas Henry 4.50 avg rating — 2 ratings — 15 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Manifesto Para Uma Nova Química by Antoine Lavoisier, Palmira Fontes da Costa (translator) 3.50 avg rating — 2 ratings — published 1789	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Trattato elementare di chimica : presentato in un ordine nuovo dietro le scoperte moderne : e con figure / del Sig. Lavoisier ; recato della francese nell' italiana favella e corredato [Leather Bound] it was amazing 5.00 avg rating — 1 rating	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Oxygen, Acids, and Water: Eight Chapters from the Elementary Treatise on Chemistry by Antoine Lavoisier (original_author), Chester Burke (Translator), Matthew Holtzman (Translator) really liked it 4.00 avg rating — 1 rating	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Memorie scientifiche: Metodo e linguaggio della nuova chimica by Antoine Lavoisier, Ferdinando Abbri (Editor) 1.50 avg rating — 2 ratings	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Correspondance 0.00 avg rating — 0 ratings	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars

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Quotes by Antoine Lavoisier (?)

“Dans la nature rien ne se crée, rien ne se perd, tout change.

In nature nothing is created, nothing is lost, everything changes.”
― Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, Traité élémentaire de chimie

tags: biology, change, nature, science

79 likes

“We must trust to nothing but facts: These are presented to us by Nature, and cannot deceive. We ought, in every instance, to submit our reasoning to the test of experiment, and never to search for truth but by the natural road of experiment and observation.”
― Antoine Lavoisier, Elements of Chemistry

tags: chemist, chemistry, experiment, facts, father-of-modern-chemistry, naturalism, nature, observation, reason, science, scientific-method, scientist, submit, trust, truth

14 likes

“Life is a chemical process.”
― Antoine Lavoisier

10 likes

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