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New York Times, USA Today, Amazon, and Publishers Weekly bestseller

Aspects of History, The Critic, Octavian, and Modern War Institute Book of the Year.  

Two leading authorities—an acclaimed historian and the outstanding battlefield commander and strategist of our time—collaborate on a landmark examination of war since 1945. Conflict is both a sweeping history of the evolution of warfare up to Putin’s invasion of the Ukraine, and a penetrating analysis of what we must learn from the past—and anticipate in the future—in order to navigate an increasingly perilous world.

In this deep and incisive study, General David Petraeus, who commanded the US-led coalitions in both Iraq, during the Surge, and Afghanistan and former CIA director, and the prize-winning historian Andrew Roberts, explore over 70 years of conflict, drawing significant lessons and insights from their fresh analysis of the past.Drawing on their different perspectives and areas of expertise, Petraeus and Roberts show how often critical mistakes have been repeated time and again, and the challenge, for statesmen and generals alike, of learning to adapt to various new weapon systems, theories and strategies. Among the conflicts examined are the Arab-Israeli wars, the Korean and Vietnam Wars, the two Gulf Wars, the Balkan wars in the former Yugoslavia, and both the Soviet and Coalition wars in Afghanistan, as well as guerilla conflicts in Africa and South America. Conflict culminates with a bracing look at Putin’s disastrous invasion of Ukraine, yet another case study in the tragic results when leaders refuse to learn from history, and an assessment of the nature of future warfare. Filled with sharp insight and the wisdom of experience, Conflict is not only a critical assessment of our recent past, but also an essential primer of modern warfare that provides crucial knowledge for waging battle today as well as for understanding what the decades ahead will bring.


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Editorial Reviews

Review

“A major book that will enlighten the layman and guide the statesman or geopolitical student."  — Dr. Henry Kissinger, former Secretary of State and National Security Advisor; Nobel Prize laureate and Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient; author of 20 books; and Bronze Star Medal recipient as an infantryman in WWII

“Splendidly researched and persuasive in applying history’s altruism that failure to learn from the past compels us to repeat mistakes, this is a clear-sighted assessment of war’s future. Applying front-line military leadership and strong academic rigor, General Petraeus and Lord Roberts have crafted a most extraordinary book that bristles with lessons drawn skillfully from the past. Conflict provides the map and compass to guide us through a perilous future.” — General James Mattis, U.S. Marine Corps (Ret.), 26th Secretary of Defense; former Commander of US Central Command and Marine forces in Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Gulf War; author of No Better Friend, No Worse Enemy

Conflict is remarkably readable. . . . Many of the elements that Conflict dissects—the use of low-cost drones, the targeting of infrastructure, the power of social media and the patronage of outside powers, to name a few—flash across our screens in real time, reminding us that ‘war is thus still very much worth studying.’ Timely, engaging and instructive, Conflict is the best one-volume study of conventional warfare in the nuclear age. It sets a new benchmark in understanding modern war.” — Wall Street Journal

"Not since Clausewitz’ On War has a book provided so much insight into the nature of warfare. Deeply researched, brilliantly constructed and thoroughly entertaining, Conflict gets to the heart of why some nations win and others lose during war. Conflict could only have been written through the unique collaboration of General Dave Petraeus and Lord (Andrew) Roberts. It is a book that will shape the thinking of policy makers and military strategists for generations to come."  — Admiral William H. McRaven, US Navy (Ret.); former Commander of US Special Operations Command and the Counter-Terrorist Task Force that brought Osama bin Laden to justice; author of the best sellers Make Your Bed, Sea Stories, and The Hero Code

“Authoritative, compelling, highly readable. An exceptional book written by two absolute masters of their profession. Penetrating historical analysis, incisive operational and strategic judgments. It's an unbeatable combination. Erstwhile statesmen should not be allowed to take office until they pass a test on what this book contains!”  — General The Lord Richards of Herstmonceux GCB CBE DSO; former UK Chief of Defence Staff, Chief of the UK General Staff, Commander of the International Assistance Force in Afghanistan, and author of Taking Command: The Autobiography

“In Conflict, distinguished authors David Petraeus and Andrew Roberts show us how to think clearly about the present and future through examination of the past. They reveal continuities in the nature of war and changes in the character of warfare since the end of World War II. Conflict sheds light on today’s conflicts as well as the path to restore peace, prevent conflict, and secure a better future for generations to come. This is a book to read and discuss. We must not allow its lessons to lie inert within its cover.” — Lt General H.R. McMaster, US Army (Ret.); 25th U.S. National Security Advisor; highly decorated leader during the Gulf War, the War in Iraq, and the War in Afghanistan; Ajami Senior Fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institute; author of Battlegrounds and Dereliction of Duty

“There is much to learn from this book. Not only will it be studied by military officers for generations to come, it will also be enjoyed by those who simply appreciate military history. I can’t think of two people better qualified to identify the key lessons from conflict in the modern era - I just hope that our leadership will take the time to read this book and follow its advice.” — General Sir Nick Carter GCB CBE DSO, former UK Chief of Defence Staff; UK Chief of the General Staff; former Deputy Commander of the International Security Assistance Force, Commander of Regional Command-South in Afghanistan, and Commander of 20th Armoured Brigade in Iraq

“There is no reason to expect the collaboration between a famous general and a distinguished author to be a marriage made in heaven, but this book is. Its narrative is seamless, sustained by comparative judgements, and calculated to challenge the professional and enlighten the generalist.” — Sir Hew Strachan, DL, FRSE, FRHistS, FBA, Professor of International Relations at the University of St Andrews; former Chichele Professor of the History of War at Oxford University; author of The Direction of War; The First World War; Clausewitz’s On War

“Andrew Roberts is a remarkable historian; David Petraeus is one of the greatest generals in American history. He is also an impressive student and scholar of history, and one who made military history himself, and this is his most extensive effort yet to put the lessons of Iraq and Afghanistan to paper. This book is a gem!” — Dr. Michael O’Hanlon, Philip H. Knight Chair at the Brookings Institution and author of more than 20 books, including Military History for the Modern Strategist: America’s Major Wars Since 1861 and The Art of War in an Age of Peace: U.S. Grand Stategy in an Era of Resolute Restraint

"Most books are recommended as a good read, an informed insight or just necessary; Conflict is simply essential. It will be as relevant tomorrow as it is today. General Petraeus brings statesman, scholar, businessman and soldier credentials to bear to the challenge, while Lord Roberts adds a notable and noteworthy historian perspective. The result is essential reading. Conflict highlights the complexities and challenges of conflict wrapped up as they always are as a truly wicked and more than often an unresolvable problem, but one about which we still must make choices."  — Lieutenant General Sir Graeme Lamb British Army (Retd) KBE, CMG, DSO; Former Commander of the UK Field Army, Deputy Commander of the Multinational Force-Iraq during the Surge, Commander of the 3rd Mechanised Division in Iraq, and Director of UK Special Forces

“This book is particularly timely. [Petraeus and Roberts] . . . judiciously trace how modern warfare has progressed since 1945 through the present moment, and they set forth the possible implications of the Russian-Ukrainian war for global conflicts in the future. They closely examine key battles that contributed to this evolution . . . and consider a future that will likely entail cyber warfare and AI. . . . Their arguments are consistently well grounded and based on vast experience. A must-read for military historians and strategists.” — Kirkus Reviews (starred review)

“A thoroughly researched and remarkably informative survey and analysis of wars around the world since the end of WWII. The authors convey lessons learned from many aspects of modern warfare among nations and armed groups about strategic leadership, stressing the need for adaptability and tactical flexibility, while highlighting the impacts of evolving weapon and systems technologies . . . . The past shapes the present, making this expert military history invaluable for the reading public and everyone involved in politics and policy.” — Booklist

"Elegantly written and persuasively argued, Conflict is a hugely important book that explains why wars are still being fought and lost, what we can learn from them, and how we can protect ourselves from malign actors in the future. It should be required reading for any Western leader who questions whether military and financial support for Ukraine is money well spent." — Saul David, Telegraph (UK)

Conflict: The Evolution of Warfare from 1945 to Ukraine is a rigorous and thoughtful study of what has happened on battlefields over the past eight decades.” — The Times (London)


“This is an ambitious and deeply researched volume which does not shy away from the gritty details of combat, as one might expect from a collaboration between the most distinguished commander of the Iraq War and the tireless chronicler of warriors ranging from Napoleon to Churchill. . . . Petraeus and Roberts focus on the outstanding commanders whose strategems and strategies were not only grand, but actually worked. The contrast they draw between Zelensky’s leadership qualities and Putin’s lack of them is telling. Yet their “existential war” has les­sons for the military experts." —
Daniel Johnson, The Critic

About the Author

General David Petraeusis a retired United States Army general and widely respected as a leading warrior intellectual. He graduated with distinction from the US Military Academy and earned a Ph.D. from Princeton University. He served for 37 years in the US Army, culminating his time in uniform with 6 consecutive commands as a general officer, 5 of which were in combat, including Command of the Surge in Iraq, US Central Command, and the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. He then served as Director of the CIA. He has held academic appointments at six universities and currently is a Senior Fellow and Lecturer at Yale. He is a prominent commentator on contemporary security issues, military developments, and global affairs. He is currently a Partner in a major investment firm and chairs that firm’s Global Institute.



Andrew Robertsis a biographer and historian whose books include the New York Times bestsellers Churchill: Walking With Destinyand Napoleon: A Life (winner of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize), Masters and CommandersThe Storm of Warand Salisbury: Victorian Titan(winner of the Wolfson Prize for History), among others. His most recent book, The Last King of America: The Misunderstood Reign of George III,was published in November 2021. Roberts is a Fellow of the Royal Societies of Literature and the Royal Historical Society, and a Trustee of the International Churchill Society. He is currently Visiting Professor at the Department of War Studies at King's College, London, and the Roger and Martha Mertz Visiting Research Fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Harper Paperbacks (October 15, 2024)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 608 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0063293145
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0063293144
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.02 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.31 x 1.37 x 8 inches
  • Customer Reviews:

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Customer reviews

4.6 out of 5 stars
457 global ratings

Customers say

Customers find the book insightful, motivating, and accurate. They appreciate the comprehensive research and concise logic chain. Readers describe the book as brilliant, a must-read, and a diversion worth reading. They also mention the pacing is clear, concise, and engaging.

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26 customers mention "Insight"23 positive3 negative

Customers find the book insightful, motivating, and accurate. They appreciate the compelling descriptions and analysis for major conflicts during this period. Readers also say the book makes the subject approachable for non-technical readers. They mention the author's ability to distill complex geopolitical issues into accessible and relatable narratives. Overall, they describe the book as an excellent account of the many wars fought since the end of World War II.

"...The authors provide compelling descriptions and analysis for major conflicts during this period providing valuable observations and analysis to the..." Read more

"Having just retired from the military I found this book truly insightful, motivating, and accurate. Best of all I learned A LOT...." Read more

"...It is important work that will be studied by solders and statements alike for years to come, as Dr. Henry Kissinger assessed it in his praise on the..." Read more

"...It's fascinating to see how these two strategic thinkers shaped the evolution of combat...." Read more

19 customers mention "Readability"19 positive0 negative

Customers find the book brilliant, fascinating, and excellent. They also say it's a well-done work.

"...Although I have tremendous regard for Dr. Petraeus, I feel this very well done work is an extension of his doctoral thesis, he obtained from..." Read more

"...It is must read book and I will keep it. And I will pass it to my son, who choose US Navy as his life path...." Read more

"This is an exceptional book and should be read by every person that is engaged in defense policy, especially President's, SecDef's and the head of..." Read more

"...A great book to add to your library." Read more

7 customers mention "Pacing"7 positive0 negative

Customers find the pacing compelling, tremendous, and balanced. They appreciate the clear, concise, and engaging prose. Readers also mention the book is rewarding, relevant, and motivating.

"...just retired from the military I found this book truly insightful, motivating, and accurate. Best of all I learned A LOT...." Read more

"...By relating history, it describes in elegant language how victories are achieved and campaigns lost...." Read more

"...The prose is clear, concise, and engaging, making it a must-read for both seasoned scholars of conflict studies and newcomers to the field...." Read more

"Conflict isn't just readable - it's rewarding and relevant...." Read more

A Must Read
5 out of 5 stars
A Must Read
“ Conflict” is a Masterpiece!For those who care about the current state of the world and the future we will leave to our children and grandchildren it is “ required reading”! If we do not learn from the past as set forth in “Conflict”, we will no doubt repeat those mistakes !Congrats Dave and Andrew for an enlightening and sobering rendition of recent history👍🇺🇸🇮🇱👍🙏
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Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on May 14, 2024
The book is a systemic, chronology, progression, describing counter-insurgency, warfare over a period from 1945- the present. In each of these historical vignettes the authors reveal the evolution of warfare with much of the material derived from “ Army Counterinsurgency Field Manual FM 3-24 of 206 also authored by General Petraeus (see Appendix B). Much of this material took place under the conscious RADAR of the average human life during this time period.

Although I have tremendous regard for Dr. Petraeus, I feel this very well done work is an extension of his doctoral thesis, he obtained from Princeton University. The product is essentially a tutorial on the concept of “ Clear & Hold Strategy” to replace overwhelming force as provided in the first half of the 20th Century wars with emphasis on civilian welfare. The authors’ arguments are very convincing and backed by references and real-life examples.

The authors provide compelling descriptions and analysis for major conflicts during this period providing valuable observations and analysis to the future commanders for future conflicts. Hence, valuable reasoning backed by hard facts propel this work into War College present-day study. In fact, particularly present day situations play into the 1967 and Yom Kjippur Israel/Arab conflicts.

The book is worth the price just to have General Petraeus personally provide the “Blow-by Blow” account of the Afghanistan War in chapter seven. Here on page 240 I remember the 19th of October US Army raid on Kandahar Airport, where I witnessed SECDEF defend the action to CNN reporters inside the DOD, HQ Pentagon weekly briefing. He then continues to review policy, manpower, politics, Afghan people, and their culture with insight and critique of how the war was executed. Assessment of this topic is very insightful and identifies reasons why Afghanistan did not have to fall.

Interestingly, the next chapter regarding the Iraqi War, again General Petraeus provides a personal account of that conflict. While in chapter nine the authors reveal the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In all Petraeus’s retrospective-critique and analysis with his unprecedented intelligence and strategic background provides interesting reading for the war fighter and average citizen alike.

The product has 442 pages of text in ten chapters with over one hundred pages of reference material, colored photographs, and a helpful map section. The index is very helpful for the amateur historian. My only suggestion to the authors: a page is required of military acronyms and what they represent. I highly recommend this work on counter-insurgency doctrine and operations and hope this material is never used against the USA.
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Reviewed in the United States on August 16, 2024
Having just retired from the military I found this book truly insightful, motivating, and accurate. Best of all I learned A LOT. I am now motivated to write my own book!
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Reviewed in the United States on November 19, 2023
I'm giving to “Conflict” by General David Petraeus and Sir Andrew Roberts four (4) starts. It is must read book and I will keep it. And I will pass it to my son, who choose US Navy as his life path.

It is important work that will be studied by solders and statements alike for years to come, as Dr. Henry Kissinger assessed it in his praise on the back of the dust cover of the hardcover edition... This actually give me a smirk as I read a flattering praise to Dr. Kissinger between the covers (p.79 – first two lines on the top).

But if it is must-to-read, then why only four stars? Isn't because that many on the last uniform that General Petraeus done on? Not at all. I greatly respect General Petraeus. And it is pity that he forced to leave service early due to unrelated personal issues.

The book is written by two eminent scholars who been personal witnesses of some of the events, extensively analyzed them in the role of policy advisers, and even had active role in the events themselves. So, they not entitle to participation trophies, but to the real and stern assessment.

This book is not an easy read and would greatly benefit from good professional editing.

It's using, at places, a flowering language and some rare used vocabulary that could be unnecessary puzzling (I also would really love to have more commas, Oxford comma including, but not only). This is one editing problem, but not the only one.

I'll try to go, more or less, in order of pages in the hardcover edition, but it is by no means exhaustive list.

1. P.122; 1st paragraph: “Kissinger engaged Soviet President Brezhnev”... It is year 1972. Well, Brezhnev never was “President” as office of the President of the Soviet Union was established only in 1990. He was “only” the “General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union”. It can be abbreviated as “Gensec” (or “Chairman” as “Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet”, but only as he assumed this role from 1977, not in 1972), but not as “President”. This flap is even more puzzling as on P.156 the eventual, and the last, holder of this position, Michail Gorbachev, titled correctly as “General Secretary” (and, later - on P.208, as “President” as he assumed presidency as well as it was established in 1990)
2. P.1936; 2nd paragraph: “Lieutenant Colonel Yitzhak Rabin, Israel's Chief of Staff”... Well, Lieutenant Colonel as a country armed forces Chief of Staff? And “Major Generals” on the next page been his subordinates? It is indeed puzzling... unless you know the he was “Lieutenant General” - the highest ranking officer in the Israel's Defense Forces (it is rank reserved specifically to the Chief of Staff – only one in the active service in the peace time, whatever it is in the case of Israel, but former can be recalled from retirement at the war time).
3. P.P.207-210: The Ossetian war in 1990-1991. This section in the whole is in the need of complete re-work. But those are just a few points...
Spelling of the Josef Stalin birth name as “Iosif Bessrionovich” has two problems: First – letter 'B' exists in Russian, but is pronounce as 'V' in English. But this is not a common knowledge in English-speaking countries. So, the patrimonial part of the name should be spelled/transliterated as “Vessrionovich” (as it is in multiple English-language sources). Second – spelling his first name differently as “Iosif” vs. “Josef” giving novice reader impression that, when taking his revolutionary pseudonym, Stalin changed his first name too. This is incorrect: “Iosif” is just transliteration of Russian pronunciation of Anglicized version of “Josef” (as in Old Testament).
The section touching the kaleidoscope of ethnicities in Georgia, calling Stalin its “native son”, and – very specifically – talking about Ossetia and Ossetians. In this context to omit mentioning that Stalin was ethnic Ossetian... It is significant omission.
The violence in South Ossetia started in the January of 1991. The Soviet Union was dissolved only in December 1991. At this time most of the fighting ended. So, for the majority of the time of active violence, that includes Russian military intervention in the conflict, it was internal Soviet ethnic violence, not cross-country-border war (like the second Russian intervention in Georgia at the time of Beijing Olympic Games in 2008).
The other point is that Gorbachev called “Russian President”. This is adding to the notion of inter-country intervention, mentioned above. When in global international context it is acceptable designation for the period (“Soviet Union” was equated to “Russia” at the time) in the case of internal Soviet violence he should be called “Soviet President” as “Russian President” from July 1991 – and it is a different office – was Boris Yeltsin.
Also, mentioning Eduard Shevardnadze as the former as the former Foreign Minister of the USSR, it was better to add that before Foreign Ministry he was chef of Georgian KGB.

The other points are not simply factual misstatement that could be attributed to luck of professional editing, but still important and could be cached by a fresh eye.

Talking about Malayan Emergency on P.54 it is stated that “security forces ware better armed than guerrillas” and listing very light weapons as M1 and M2 carbines and Browning auto-loading hunting shotguns. It was puzzling until I dig in earlier P.50 that insurgency used the “same equipment.. as... against the Japanese”. I would surmise it to be some old hunting and few bolt action rifles with limited ammunition supply, but adding it into context on P.54 will greatly add comprehension.

Something similar, but even more problematic, is on the P.237 when General Petraeus talking about CIA liaison with Northern Alliance of Ahmed Shah Massoud. When recalling briefing on September 12 that involved using this liaison and, on later pages, mentioning names Northern Alliance commanders/warlords (Dostum, Atta Nur, and others) Massoud never mentioned (it is only one this page under his name in the references). It would puzzle reader who doesn't know that Massoud was assassinated by two suicide bombers, posing as journalist and cameraman, three days earlier, on September 9 – two days before al-Queda unleashed terror on the American soil on September 11. It even opinions that his assassination was the part of the plan and prerequisite for September 11 attack.

When talking about air campaign in Kosovo (P.P.224-234) it is a bit strange that no reference made to the “The Age of Airpower” by Martin Van Creveld (published 2011). Of Van Creveld's books only “Command in War” is listed in the bibliography. “Command in War” and his “Supplying War” (by some accounts) have been on the required reading list for US commission officers (correct me, if I'm wrong). “Age of Airpower” never made this far... for policy/political reasons (it will be obvious, to anyone who will read it). But omitting this dedicated analyses when talking about air campaign... Authors ether never read it (which I do not believe) or purposefully omitted in references... Talking about this book, it also has very interesting analyses of use of aviation in Malayan Emergency (well covered in the “Conflict”, but not aviation aspect, even in passing) and in the Rhodesian Bush War (not covered at all – despite our disdain to its apartheid politics and social structure, this war itself has lessons to learn; similar to the Second Boer War of the last two years of 19th century; when Boer Wars sure outside of the time frame for “Conflict”, but not Rhodesian Bush War with its counter-insurgency tactics).

The other point, that I wish would better be covered, is the use of TOW anti-tank missiles in 1973 Yom-Kippur war. It is not mentioned at all. My interest is due to the information – including apparent first-hand witness account on page 316 and a few following pages of the book by John Loftus and Mark Aarons “The Secret war Against Jews” (published 1994). If witness account by Loftus is false or he spill the beans... Well, I just would like to know, if it's really happened. Genie out of the bottle anyway.

I'm just getting back to my recommendations. I'm still reading this book (Afghanistan, Iraq, Ukraine...). Whatever rest of it is flawless or has any additional issues won't change my opinion.

It is must-to-read book, but it needs to be studied in context. It has multiple editorial issues and some omissions (and even some subtle, but never the less critical, misrepresentations of events; as in the First South Ossetian War).

For poor editing and some misstatements and omissions I'm giving the authors the three (3) stars. It is passing grade.
For actuality, first hand witness account and in-depth analyses – five (5) stars.

Combined average grade is four (4) stars... It just happened to match the number of stars on General Petraeus's shoulder blades :)

Read this book. Keep it.
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Top reviews from other countries

James Michaluk
5.0 out of 5 stars Warfare and why not to go to war.
Reviewed in Canada on May 24, 2024
Russia made a mistake invading Ukraine. They have destroyed their own country and their future. No one will forgive them.
Fer Prodonoff
5.0 out of 5 stars Readable and gripping
Reviewed in Brazil on May 21, 2024
There are invaluable lessons to be learned from history and the text provides a very informative and educational account.
Simon Riega_Martin
5.0 out of 5 stars Conflicto, Excelente libro
Reviewed in Mexico on February 15, 2024
Conflicto es una obra que nos permite aprender la historia actual. Despeja un poco la densa bruma que envuelve a la historia que esta ocurriendo en el mundo actual.
Paulo Ramalho
5.0 out of 5 stars A journey in history
Reviewed in Spain on November 7, 2024
Anything you would like to know about human greed, reality check
Carl
5.0 out of 5 stars A great review of 1945-present day
Reviewed in Sweden on July 21, 2024
Brilliant book, explaining a number of conflicts of the last 79 years in an exemplary way. Highly recommended.