What is salvation? An integrated seminar

Complete teaching notes with handouts for module God, Christ and Salvation delivered for the module's supplementary classes in Hilary Term 2015, Oxford University.

This paper is one of two that were presented at the Society of Vineyard Scholars Conferences in 2010 and 2011, both addressing the theological claims to hegemony (and the general assumptions in popular Christianity about the primacy) of a penal substitutionary account of the atonement. They also address the challenge of explaining atonement in those terms missionally in today's world, where physical violence is not the basis of judicial sentencing as it was throughout premodern times. Finally, readers should note that 'substitutionary' atonement and 'penal substitutionary' atonement are not synonymous terms. All of the most meaningful explanations of atonement reflect its substitutionary character (that Jesus did for us, in our place, what we were powerless to do for ourselves, per Romans 5:6) but by no means do they need to be 'penal' in nature in order to be substitutionary.

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Lutheran Quarterly, 2019

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