CHFR
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHFR is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHFR gene.[5][6][7]
CHFR is recruited to sites of DNA damage and participates in the DNA damage response. CHFR has an important role in the survival of male premeiotic germ cells.[8] About 30% of male CHFR knockout mice are infertile.[8] In these knockout mice spermatogenesis onset is delayed and apoptosis in premeiotic germ cells is significantly increased. When these mice are 3 months old there is a complete loss of germ cells in their testes.
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000072609 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000014668 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Scolnick DM, Halazonetis TD (Aug 2000). "Chfr defines a mitotic stress checkpoint that delays entry into metaphase". Nature. 406 (6794): 430–5. Bibcode:2000Natur.406..430S. doi:10.1038/35019108. PMID 10935642. S2CID 4401185.
- ^ Kang D, Chen J, Wong J, Fang G (Jan 2002). "The checkpoint protein Chfr is a ligase that ubiquitinates Plk1 and inhibits Cdc2 at the G2 to M transition". J Cell Biol. 156 (2): 249–59. doi:10.1083/jcb.200108016. PMC 2199220. PMID 11807090.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: CHFR checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains". YouTube.
- ^ a b Lu LY, Yu X (2015). "CHFR is important for the survival of male premeiotic germ cells". Cell Cycle. 14 (21): 3454–3460. doi:10.1080/15384101.2015.1093701. PMC 4825563. PMID 26566864.
External links
- Human CHFR genome location and CHFR gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Further reading
- Chaturvedi P, Sudakin V, Bobiak ML, et al. (2002). "Chfr regulates a mitotic stress pathway through its RING-finger domain with ubiquitin ligase activity". Cancer Res. 62 (6): 1797–801. PMID 11912157.
- Mizuno K, Osada H, Konishi H, et al. (2002). "Aberrant hypermethylation of the CHFR prophase checkpoint gene in human lung cancers". Oncogene. 21 (15): 2328–33. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205402. PMID 11948416. S2CID 1447106.
- Stavridi ES, Huyen Y, Loreto IR, et al. (2002). "Crystal structure of the FHA domain of the Chfr mitotic checkpoint protein and its complex with tungstate". Structure. 10 (7): 891–9. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00776-1. PMID 12121644.
- Shibata Y, Haruki N, Kuwabara Y, et al. (2002). "Chfr expression is downregulated by CpG island hypermethylation in esophageal cancer". Carcinogenesis. 23 (10): 1695–9. doi:10.1093/carcin/23.10.1695. PMID 12376479.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Corn PG, Summers MK, Fogt F, et al. (2003). "Frequent hypermethylation of the 5' CpG island of the mitotic stress checkpoint gene Chfr in colorectal and non-small cell lung cancer". Carcinogenesis. 24 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1093/carcin/24.1.47. PMID 12538348.
- Toyota M, Sasaki Y, Satoh A, et al. (2003). "Epigenetic inactivation of CHFR in human tumors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (13): 7818–23. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7818T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1337066100. PMC 164671. PMID 12810945.
- Bothos J, Summers MK, Venere M, et al. (2003). "The Chfr mitotic checkpoint protein functions with Ubc13-Mms2 to form Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains". Oncogene. 22 (46): 7101–7. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206831. PMID 14562038. S2CID 34904290.
- Mariatos G, Bothos J, Zacharatos P, et al. (2004). "Inactivating mutations targeting the chfr mitotic checkpoint gene in human lung cancer". Cancer Res. 63 (21): 7185–9. PMID 14612512.
- Shtivelman E (2004). "Promotion of mitosis by activated protein kinase B after DNA damage involves polo-like kinase 1 and checkpoint protein CHFR". Mol. Cancer Res. 1 (13): 959–69. PMID 14638868.
- Bertholon J, Wang Q, Falette N, et al. (2004). "Chfr inactivation is not associated to chromosomal instability in colon cancers". Oncogene. 22 (55): 8956–60. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207078. PMID 14654793. S2CID 8538887.
- Erson AE, Petty EM (2004). "CHFR-associated early G2/M checkpoint defects in breast cancer cells" (PDF). Mol. Carcinog. 39 (1): 26–33. doi:10.1002/mc.10161. hdl:2027.42/35063. PMID 14694445. S2CID 25674441.
- Satoh A, Toyota M, Itoh F, et al. (2004). "Epigenetic inactivation of CHFR and sensitivity to microtubule inhibitors in gastric cancer". Cancer Res. 63 (24): 8606–13. PMID 14695171.
- Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- Kang HC, Kim IJ, Park JH, et al. (2005). "Promoter hypermethylation and silencing of CHFR mitotic stress checkpoint gene in human gastric cancers". Oncol. Rep. 12 (1): 129–33. doi:10.3892/or.12.1.129. PMID 15201973.
- Matsusaka T, Pines J (2004). "Chfr acts with the p38 stress kinases to block entry to mitosis in mammalian cells". J. Cell Biol. 166 (4): 507–16. doi:10.1083/jcb.200401139. PMC 2172205. PMID 15302856.
- Daniels MJ, Marson A, Venkitaraman AR (2004). "PML bodies control the nuclear dynamics and function of the CHFR mitotic checkpoint protein". Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 11 (11): 1114–21. doi:10.1038/nsmb837. PMID 15467728. S2CID 246702.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
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